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The sustainable livelihood model
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With growing demand for mineral resources and favourable policy towards the mining sector, developing countries have become investment hubs for mineral extraction, which has changed the socioeconomic and ecological scenarios particularly in rural areas. Extractive industries such as coal mining generate negative externalities that bring irreversibl...
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... India is certainly a mineral-rich nation with global standards. Coal is one of the furthermost valued resources that assist in generating around 70% of the electricity in this country [5]. The rising demands for energy incline enlarge additional mining industries countrywide intensification ecological ...
Mining is the most significant economic action in the Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. Simultaneously, it has an enormous figure of negative influences on the natural, environmental, ecological, and social environment. The land use and land cover (LULC) alteration, coal mining effect (open-cast) on the LULC, and the local environmental influences are deliberated. The Paschim Bardhhaman’s LULC area is examined for the period of 30 years i.e., since the year like 1991 to 2021. Furthermore, alteration examination and spatial–temporal dynamics of LULC quantification are also deliberated. Analysis discloses that the water body marginally increased from 0.64% in 1991 to 0.96% in 2021. Mining area increased from 0.00% (1991) to 8.97% (2021) respectively. Instead, vegetation has decreased from 40.17% (1991) to 31.20% (2021) continuously. Similarly, settlement increased from 5.02% to 13.77% in the year 1991 to 2021 respectively. Agricultural land progressively decreased from 44.47% (1991) to 39.73% (2021) respectively. Raniganj Coalfield area, Eastern Coalfield Limited (ECL), and Coal India Limited (CIL) are the triggers for open cast mining. Land surface temperature (LST) increased by 7.96 ˚C (summer) and 10.24 ˚C (winter) between 30 years. The LST, LULC, and vegetation limitations are substantial factors in the universally changing climate investigations. Thermal infrared remote sensing demonstrated its competence for observing temperature and moving micro-climate in urban regions. The outcomes indicate that the outside temperature influences self-heating surfaces (hotspots) regions. The examination likewise shows that the outside temperature influences the self-heating surfaces (hotspots) regions.
... Additionally, some studies have examined the impact of environmental pollution on rural livelihoods. Examples include the impact of air pollution on social activities (Yan et al., 2019;Zheng et al., 2019), the impact of oil pollution on livelihood structures (Albert et al., 2018), the impact of water pollution on income and livelihood choices (Manasi, 2013), the impact of mining pollution on sustainable livelihoods (Hota & Behera, 2016;Mancini & Sala, 2018;Zhao & Niu, 2023), and the impact of industrial pollution on the off-farm income of rural households . ...
In response to an increasingly dire pollution scenario, the Chinese government initiated the largest and most extensive environmental inspection campaign in history starting in 2016. Numerous polluting enterprises were closed due to environmental concerns in the rural areas. Drawing on two‐period panel data from the China Rural Development Survey, this study revealed the inherent mechanism of the polluting enterprises closure on local rural livelihoods using the difference‐in‐differences method and structural equation model, with reference to the sustainable livelihood framework. Results showed that shuttering polluting enterprises enhanced rural households' livelihood capital, notably in human, natural, and physical aspects, and promoted labor migration. Additional heterogeneous analysis revealed that the enhancements were notably more pronounced in Southern China and among affluent demographics. Based on the findings, we suggested the local government should support the development of sustainable agriculture and green industries and pay more attention to vulnerable populations when making policy decisions. The use of mandatory directives, such as shutting down polluting enterprises, is a common strategy in developing countries. This study presents an analytical framework for understanding the impact of environmental governance on the livelihoods of rural households in developing countries, contributing to a better balance between rural environmental management and livelihood improvement in these regions.
... Hota and Behera [7] and Dash and Priyadarshini [8] examined the impact of opencast coal mining on the local livelihoods of rural households in Odisha, India. It was found that mining activities had both positive and negative effects on the income, employment, food security, health, education, and social capital of the affected communities. ...
Agricultural sustainability plays an important role in improving air, water, soil, and the general environment around the world. The concept of sustainability depends primarily on economic, environmental, and social aspects. These aspects vary by region and type of crop grown, and the environment in which it is grown, so they usually work together to standardize agricultural sustainability. Mining has widespread effects on agriculture especially in the Hemgir block of Odisha, India, which has serious implications for agricultural sustainability, especially for small and marginal farmers. Current research involves designing a structural equation model (SEM) to assess the relationships between indicators that measure agricultural sustainability in the Hemgir block. Primary data were collected from 112 paddy farmers in Hemgir block to assess environmental, social, and economic interactions. The study found that there was a significant and positive correlation between environmental and economic indicators. One of the important things to learn from this study is to help stakeholders and the agricultural sector to understand the interrelationships between specific indicators. The government also needs to emphasize the environmental aspect and facilitate social and economic-focused handholding support.
... Hota and Behera [7] and Dash and Priyadarshini [8] examined the impact of opencast coal mining on the local livelihoods of rural households in Odisha, India. It was found that mining activities had both positive and negative effects on the income, employment, food security, health, education, and social capital of the affected communities. ...
Agricultural sustainability plays an important role in improving air, water, soil, and the general environment around the world. The concept of sustainability depends primarily on economic, environmental, and social aspects. These aspects vary by region and type of crop grown, and the environment in which it is grown, so they usually work together to standardize agricultural sustainability. Mining has widespread effects on agriculture especially in the Hemgir block of Odisha, India, which has serious implications for agricultural sustainability, especially for small and marginal farmers. Current research involves designing a structural equation model (SEM) to assess the relationships between indicators that measure agricultural sustainability in the Hemgir block. Primary data were collected from 112 paddy farmers in Hemgir block to assess environmental, social, and economic interactions. The study found that there was a significant and positive correlation between environmental and economic indicators. One of the important things to learn from this study is to help stakeholders and the agricultural sector to understand the interrelationships between specific indicators. The government also needs to emphasize the environmental aspect and facilitate social and economic-focused handholding support.
... There are two coal-bearing areas in the state, Talcher and IB valley coalfields. There is no exception to the fact that the state benefits from coal mining, but it is unable to escape the grip of its negative effects, which include loss of local ecology, biodiversity, forest loss, deterioration of water and air, loss of NTFPs, agricultural potential and loss of livelihoods of local people (Hota and Behera, 2016). Coal mining also influences the livelihoods of people. ...
The study aims to examine the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) of local people in Talcher coal mining in Odisha. The study used five types of capital such as human, social, financial, physical and natural. The Herfindahl Hirschman index has been used to differentiate income diversification in mining villages and control villages. The backwards step-wise multiple regression model has been used to show the relationship between expenditure and different socioeconomic variables in the mining villages. The Mining has a positive footprint on physical capital. But it has detrimental effects on natural and mixed effects on human, social and financial capital in the mining villages. The Herfindahl index and multiple regression models revealed that mining has a positive influence on the livelihoods of people in the mining area. There is more livelihoods diversification in the mining villages than in the control villages. The standard of living and income has increased in the mining villages. There are some challenges faced by the mining communities such as job insecurity and livelihoods insecurity for their children. The adverse impact of coalmining on livelihoods can be minimised by controlling environmental degradation through rigorous monitoring. Further, there should be proper coordination between the state government and coal mining companies to provide benefits to the affected communities and conduct different training programmes on driving, computer training and tailoring to people who not engaged in mining activities. Institutional farsightedness is required to ensure sustainable livelihoods for local people.
... Notably, mining operations in Africa are frequently executed through open-pit methods, inflicting considerable damage on the surrounding natural environment. A primary driver of adverse ecological consequences is mineral extraction, including open-pit and semi-open-pit methodologies [27][28][29]. Despite relatively low population densities in many African regions, it is the expansion of the mining sector that has a considerable impact on environmental degradation. ...
This study conducts an in-depth analysis of anthropogenic transformation and air pollution within the confines of the Fatala River Basin situated in the Republic of Guinea, Africa. The foundation of this investigation relies upon interdisciplinary geoinformatics methodologies and data acquired through remote sensing, specifically drawing from Sentinel-5P and Sentinel-2 satellite datasets. The primary objectives encompass scrutinizing the extant ecological conditions characterizing the Fatala River Basin and assessing the anthropogenic influences within its geographic expanse. The utilization of remote sensing data, as facilitated by the Sentinel-5P satellite, emerges as a potent instrument for meticulously monitoring environmental transformations. A comprehensive analysis of the designated area, conducted through remote sensing methodologies, is employed to ascertain the concentrations of various atmospheric constituents, including nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde, methane, ozone, and carbon monoxide. The findings gleaned from this inquiry reveal that, notwithstanding the dynamic growth of the extractive industry centered around the world’s preeminent bauxite province, the Fouta Djallon–Mandingo, the anthropogenic transformation of the Fatala River Basin exerts a comparatively minor influence on air quality. Statistical assessments, including correlation analysis, conducted between computed parameters delineating anthropogenic alterations within the Fatala River Basin, and a comprehensive atmospheric pollution index elucidate a lack of a significant nexus. It has been determined that air pollution within the Fatala River Basin is notably influenced by topographical features and the transport of contaminants from adjacent river basins. Consequently, this article makes a substantial contribution to our comprehension of the contemporary ecological state of the Fatala River Basin in the Republic of Guinea. It also holds significant importance in elucidating the ecological challenges specific to the researched region.
... Based on in-depth interviews and participant observations, Lu and Lora-Wainwright (2014) revealed that the natural and human capital of farmers suffered severely during the middle and late stages of mine development, thereby limiting traditional agricultural livelihoods. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, Hota and Behera (2016) focused on the impacts of open-pit coal mining development in Odisa, India and found that the livelihoods of farming households living in mining areas are weakly sustainable. Danquah et al. (2017) found that farm production and efficiency are significantly lower in mining areas than in non-mining areas. ...
... The SLA framework has been extensively used in policy analysis (Hua et al., 2017), climate change issues (Elasha et al., 2005;Guo et al., 2022), sustainable development issues (Li et al., 2020), drought issues (Nasrnia and Ashktorab, 2021), poverty issues (Liu and Xu, 2016), and mineral resource development (Baffour-Kyei et al., 2021;Hota and Behera, 2016;Lu and Lora-Wainwright, 2014;Shah et al., 2021). Previous studies have concentrated on evaluating the influence of external shocks on household livelihoods by quantifying the five components of livelihood capital (human, financial, natural, physical, and social). ...
... Human capital was measured using quantitative indicators of three dimensions-the average health status of household members (Baffour-Kyei et al., 2021;Dang et al., 2020;Nasrnia and Ashktorab, 2021), labor force Hua et al., 2017;Li et al., 2020), and the average number of years of education (Baffour-Kyei et al., 2021;Hota and Behera, 2016). ...
... We see coal pollution as a long-term, devastating source of environmental degradation that negatively affects water quality, pollutes local air, changes in rainfall patterns, depletes natural resources, and damages cultivable land (Mishra & Das, 2017). Ramsay (2011) and Williams (2011) describe several negative effects of burning coal for energy production, while Hota and Behera (2016) explain how coal power plants (producing electricity) affect nearby areas and cause severe health issues. North et al. (2016) highlight the impact of coal pollution on rivers, air, lands and canal. ...
Environmental crises, precipitated by a globally dominant model of developmentalism, have changed the lives of less visible communities in geographical peripheries. This study draws on our participant observation of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in general as a massive infrastructural development project and the Qadirabad coal power plant as one of many CPEC projects where developmentalism and local lives intersect with each other. We have presented evidence of how massive development projects bring about consequential but disguised social and environmental impacts on locals. The locals' narratives show that the Qadirabad project has brought about economic, agricultural and environmental degradation in their lives. They believe that the governments in Pakistan are conscious of foreign projects with adverse effects on the everyday lived realities of the people but willfully choose to ignore them.
... Beside air quality-related studies, a very few researchers also focused on the social and economic growth Behera 2016, 2015) and medical issues (Pramanik and Murmu 2019) in this area. Hota and Behera (2016) developed a demographic correlation between mining activities and social factors, such as occupation, total population, social composition, and distance from the nearby coal mines. The negative impact of mining and its costs borne by the local communities were also highlighted in this research. ...
Open cast mining — a predominant method of coal production in India (94.46% of total coal production) — has been found to be a major factor which is responsible for the emission of dust particles and gaseous pollutants, leading to the deterioration of air quality in the coal mining area. Considering the health concerns and environmental impacts of these pollutants, the inhabited villages of Ib valley coalfield area of Orisha, India, were selected for this study. In this regard, various researchers have performed the analysis of air quality data and modeling for the dispersion of pollutants. However, a long-term study on spatial and seasonal variations of air pollutants and their relationship with meteorological parameters were missing in the literature. Accordingly, the spatial and seasonal variations of air pollutants in the area were assessed for a period of six years (2014 – 2020), and concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SPM were found to be above the annual national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for all the three seasons. The overall mean concentrations of NOx, PM10, PM2.5, SPM, and SO2 during this period were found to be 17.2 ± 9.28, 152.5 ± 99.7, 53.27 ± 37.70, 268.5 ± 158.2, and 12.58 ± 7.47 μg/m3, respectively. The analysis of meteorological parameters showed a strong and significant negative correlation of relative humidity with PM2.5 (r = − 0.30, p-value = 5.659 × 10−10), PM10 (r = − 0.36, p-value = 1.97 × 10−13), and SPM (r = − 0.45, p-value = 2.2 × 10−16). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of pollutants was performed using the geographic information system (GIS) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, wherein the seasonal distribution of pollutants was shown through the bivariate polar plots. Therefore, the analyses and recommendations provided in this study can help the policymakers in developing a long-term air quality improvement strategy around a coal mining area, including the spatial and seasonal variations of air pollutants and their relationship with meteorological parameters.
... The mining sector in Odisha is continued to have several health-related complications on the marginal groups, 8 including tribals and Dalits, who predominately reside in the fifth schedule areas. It has led to their displacement, and finally, they have ended up in deprived living conditions (Amnesty International, 2016;Hota & Behera, 2016;Jena, 2014;Paltasingh & Satapathy, 2021;Ray & Saini, 2011;Sahu & Kumbhar, 2020). Research shows that opencast mining has damaged the green ecological systems and creates environmental pollution in the Koraput region of Odisha, the neighboring district of Rayagada (Debasree, 2015). ...
The EJ literature has generally focused on the injustices experienced by different groups based on their racial background, as persons are often marginalized based on their ethnicity, spatial location, and household income (Banzhaf et al., 2019; Bullard et al., 2020). There remains, however, a dearth of research on the environmental
injustices experienced by the elderly within the Caribbean region. One of the reasons for this may be because the concept of age is hardly discussed within the EJ literature, as elderly persons are often considered to be a part of the economically vulnerable segment of the population (Day, 2010). The EPA (2014) acknowledges the importance of the elderly in EJ issues, as they are more vulnerable to nvironmental
stressors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2021), the social and economic resources needed by the elderly to make healthy choices are indeed limited and must be covered to ensure that they are present in society and communities. Given the importance of this topic to the EJ literature, this chapter made use of a literature review-type methodology to not only examine the social and economic implications of EJ for the elderly but to also design a specific social
and economic blueprint for social work interventions to cater for the needs of the Caribbean’s elderly population affected by EJ issues.
