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Quantity takeoff using building information modeling (BIM) gains more popularity in recent years because of its speed, reliability, and accuracy over the traditional 2D-based method. However, if building elements do not exist in the BIM model, the material quantities cannot be extracted from them. Concrete formwork is a building element that is usu...
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Context 1
... surfaces of the RC elements. For the RC beams, RC slabs, and RC stairs, the formwork is measured from the side and the soffit surfaces of the RC elements. Furthermore, the intersected surfaces, such as the surfaces of beams that intersect with slabs or the surfaces of columns that intersect with beams, must be subtracted during the calculation. Fig. 1 illustrates the surfaces of the RC elements that are used to measure the area of concrete formworks. The second solution is to model the concrete formworks in a BIM model and then extract their quantities. This solution requires extra time and cost to develop the BIM model. However, this solution is not straightforward since there is ...
Context 2
... surfaces of the RC elements. For the RC beams, RC slabs, and RC stairs, the formwork is measured from the side and the soffit surfaces of the RC elements. Furthermore, the intersected surfaces, such as the surfaces of beams that intersect with slabs or the surfaces of columns that intersect with beams, must be subtracted during the calculation. Fig. 1 illustrates the surfaces of the RC elements that are used to measure the area of concrete formworks. The second solution is to model the concrete formworks in a BIM model and then extract their quantities. This solution requires extra time and cost to develop the BIM model. However, this solution is not straightforward since there is ...
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Citations
... Some scholars attempted to infer quantities of unmodeled elements using available BIM object information. For example, Lim et al. [30], Khosakitchalert et al. [31], and Cepni and Akcamete [32] calculated formwork quantities mainly through subtracting intersection regions to obtain exposed surfaces. Romanovskyi et al. [33], Hyun et al. [34] and Lee et al. [35] utilized information on the concrete elements and design formulas to generate formwork designs and quantities. ...
... In addition, the method to calculate formwork quantities using BIM in [31] was replicated according to the main logic and the results were compared with those from the proposed method. As shown in Table 4, the method in [31] has relatively large deviations about the areas of formworks to columns and walls. ...
... In addition, the method to calculate formwork quantities using BIM in [31] was replicated according to the main logic and the results were compared with those from the proposed method. As shown in Table 4, the method in [31] has relatively large deviations about the areas of formworks to columns and walls. The reason is that it directly considers the areas of exposed surfaces as the formwork quantities without careful considerations of reduction and no-reduction rules at the intersections (e.g., no reduction should be conducted for formworks to columns at the beam-column intersections). ...
The results of quantity take-off (QTO) based on building information modeling (BIM) technology rely heavily on the geometry and semantics of 3D objects that may vary among BIM model creation methods. Furthermore, conventional BIM models do not contain all the required information for automatic QTO and the results do not follow the descriptive rules in the standard method of measurement (SMM). This paper presents a new knowledge model-based framework that incorporates the semantic information and SMM rules in BIM for automatic code-compliant QTO. It begins with domain knowledge modeling, taking into consideration QTO-related information, semantic QTO entities and relationships, and SMM logic formulation. Subsequently, linguistic-based approaches are developed to automatically audit the BIM model integrity for QTO purposes, with QTO algorithms developed and used in a case study for demonstration. The results indicate that the proposed new framework automatically identifies the semantic errors in BIM models and obtains code-compliant quantities.
... Khosakitchalert et al. (2018Khosakitchalert et al. ( , 2019c reported a method that uses the capability of BIM-based clash detection to subtract the overlapping quantities and add missing quantities of walls and floors. Khosakitchalert et al. (2019a) proposed an algorithm to calculate quantities of concrete formwork from BIM models with no concrete formwork models. ...
Quantity takeoff based on building information modeling (BIM) is more reliable, accurate, and rapid than the traditional quantity takeoff approach. However, the quality of BIM models affects the quality of BIM-based quantity takeoff. Our research focuses on drywalls, which consist of wall framings and wall panels. If BIM models from the design phases do not contain wall framing models, contractors or subcontractors cannot perform quantity takeoff for purchasing materials. Developing wall framing models under a tight schedule in the construction phase is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and error-prone. The increased geometries in a BIM model also slow down the software performance. Therefore, in this research, an automatic method is proposed for calculating quantities of wall framings from drywalls in a BIM model. Building elements that overlap with the drywalls are subtracted from the drywall surfaces before calculation. The quantities of wall framings are then embedded into the properties of drywall in the BIM model and hence they can be extracted directly from the BIM model. A prototype system is developed and the proposed method is validated in an actual construction project. The results of the case study showed that the prototype system took 282 s to deliver accurate quantities of wall framings with deviations of 0.11 to 0.30% when compared to a baseline, and the file size of the BIM model after applying the proposed method was increased very slightly from 47.0 MB to 47.1 MB. This research contributes to developing an approach for quantity takeoff of wall framings that are not present in a BIM model. Accurate quantities of wall framings can be obtained while the time and cost of developing wall framings for quantity takeoff can be saved. The proposed method does not increase the geometries in the BIM model; therefore, the file size of the model does not increase greatly, which stabilizes the software performance.
... Likewise, overlapping volumes of structural components and software limitations complicate BIM-based formwork quantification. Besides, formwork is a temporary structure in the construction phase, and creating detailed formwork models for QTO extraction requires time and rigorous work (Khosakitchalert et al., 2019b). Therefore, investing additional time and work is generally not favorable for a provisional activity from the construction practitioner's standpoint. ...
... Khosakitchalert et al. (2019a) suggested utilizing their visual programing approach BCEQTI (BIM-based compound element quantity take-off improvement) for calculating structural concrete volumes and formwork areas. Recently, Khosakitchalert et al. (2019b) proposed a visual algorithm based on their previous studies and calculated structural formwork areas of an RC building. ...
Quantity take-off (QTO) is an indispensable part of construction projects since it is used for scheduling and cost calculation. However, obtaining accurate QTOs from 2D traditional drawings is tedious and time-consuming. Therefore, the use of BIM for QTO is increasing. According to literature, the accurate, automated calculation of formwork areas from BIM remains still problematic. This is mainly due to lack of modeling conventions, agreed workflows, and classification, together with modeling errors like overlapping structural elements and limitations of BIM software. It is important to note that QTO is needed during several phases of the design and construction process, with differing requirements and available information. Moreover, automated formwork generation is not supported by the majority of BIM tools although it is also a time consuming task and necessary for construction phase planning, visualization, and interference check. Therefore, this publication describes how the extraction of formwork quantities and the creation of formwork models can be automated with Autodesk Revit Dynamo. A case study is presented, and the results obtained from the presented algorithm are verified with the manual operation of the BIM quantification features as well as manual calculations for some elements. Consequently, accurate and faster formwork quantification results and generic formwork models are automatically obtained. Ongoing research is focused on the extension of the tool to automate the creation of formwork models for 4D modeling for the construction stage, including the aspects of scheduling and clash detection in the context of open-BIM.
Pertambahan penduduk Indonesia dan lahan yang terbatas membuat kebutuhan akan tempat tinggal, tempat bekerja dan bangunan vertikal meningkat. Konsekuensinya, bangunan-bangunan yang sudah melebihi masa layan, terjadi perubahan fungsi, rusak akibat bencana dan tidak layak fungsi, perlu dilakukan pembongkaran (demolisi). Demolisi perlu menjadi perhatian khusus karena proses membutuhkan perencanaan yang kompleks, pembongkaran yang selektif, memiliki risiko tinggi dan menghasilkan limbah bongkaran lebih dari 40% dari total limbah padat di negara berkembang. Di Indonesia khususnya, demolisi yang berkelanjutan (dekonstruksi) belum banyak dilaksanakan oleh penyedia jasa demolisi. Pemerintahpun belum memiliki aturan yang komprehensif untuk demolisi bangunan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan model demolisi berkelanjutan, dengan mengutamakan aspek konservasi material limbah bongkaran. Dalam penelitian ini, teknologi "Reverse 4D BIM” digunakan untuk visualisasi sequencing proses demolisi, memprediksi jenis, volume dan penjadwalan pembuangan limbah sisa bongkaran. Hasil prediksi limbah demolisi kemudian diklasifikasikan pemanfaatannya menggunakan konsep reduce, reuse dan recycle (3R) untuk mengakomodasi proses demolisi berkelanjutan dan circular economy. Untuk mengimplementasikan model ini, digunakan simulasi 4D BIM pada bangunan gedung studi kasus. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa model yang diusulkan efektif dan dapat diimplementasikan untuk pelaksanaan demolisi bangunan yang berkelanjutan.
Yapı Bilgi Modellemesi (YBM) kullanımı inşaat sektöründe önemli ölçüde yaygınlaşmıştır. Bununla birlikte küçük ve orta ölçekli yükleniciler YBM yazılımlarının getireceği maliyet ile YBM kullanımına adapte olabilmek için gerekli olan personel eğitimi ve iş alışkanlığı değişimi gereksiniminden dolayı YBM kullanımına uzak kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada YBM yazılımlarının temel fonksiyonlarından olan 3 Boyutlu görselleştirme ve kaba inşaatın metraj hesaplama işlemlerini gerçekleştirebilen bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Python programlama dili ile uyumlu Tkinter Kütüphanesi, Python tabanlı Ursina 3B oyun motoru ve SQLite3 veri tabanı uygulaması kullanılarak insan müdahalesi olmadan beton, betonarme kalıbı ile kalıp iskelesi metrajlarını hesaplayıp 3B görselleştirebilen yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yazılım çok fazla işleve sahip olmadığı için kullanımı kolay kullanıcı ara yüzlerine sahiptir. Bu sayede özel bir personel eğitimi gerektirmeden 2 Boyutlu çizimlere sadece kat yüksekliği gibi derinlik verilerinin girilmesi ile yapının 3 Boyutlu görselleştirmesi yapılabilmektedir. Buna ek olarak beton, betonarme kalıbı ve kalıp iskelesi metrajları da otomatik biçimde çıkarılmaktadır. Elle yapılan metraj hesabı ile karşılaştırıldığında kalıpta %0.04 oranında sapma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan literatür taramasında Revit ile elde edilen metraj verilerinin daha fazla sapabildiği görülmüştür. Geliştirilen YBM yazılımını kullanacak küçük ölçekli yükleniciler daha hassas ve hızlı metraj hazırlayarak daha doğru biçimde maliyet analizi yapma imkânına sahip olacaklardır.
