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Cinnamomum is a genus of the family Lauraceae, which has been recognized worldwide as an important genus due to its beneficial uses. A great deal of research on its phytochemistry and pharmacological effects has been conducted. It is noteworthy that terpenoids are the characteristic of Cinnamomum due to the peculiar structures and significant biolo...
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Cinnamomum burmannii is a cinnamomum plant rich in natural D-borneol. Natural D-borneol is a bicycle monoterpenoid compound widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Therefore, analyzing the biosynthesis mechanism of natural D-borneol in C. burmannii at the molecular level is helpful for directional breeding in the future an...
Citations
... C. camphora has potent anti-inflammatory (Kang et al., 2019) and antioxidant properties (Zafar et al., 2012). Eucalyptol, camphor, and linalool were extracted, and nine terpenoids were obtained from the essential oil of C. camphora (Wu et al., 2020). These inhibit the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 and improve the increase of mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-9 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (Li et al., 2018). ...
Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of the Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. vaginal suppository in addressing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and their impact on participants' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) analyzed using machine learning algorithms.
Method: A total of 62 participants were enrolled in a double-dummy, single-center study. They were randomly assigned to either the suppository group (SG), receiving a formulation prepared with Acacia arabica gum (Gond Babul) and camphor from Cinnamomum camphora (Kafoor) through two vaginal suppositories (each weighing 3,500 mg) for 7 days at bedtime along with oral placebo capsules, or the tranexamic group (TG), receiving oral tranexamic acid (500 mg) twice a day for 5 days and two placebo vaginal suppositories during menstruation at bedtime for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The primary outcome was the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBLAC) for HMB, and secondary outcomes included hemoglobin level and SF-36 HRQoL questionnaire scores. Additionally, machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), AdaBoost (AB), naive Bayes (NB), and random forest (RF) classifiers were employed for analysis.
Results: In the SG and TG, the mean PBLAC score decreased from 635.322 ± 504.23 to 67.70 ± 22.37 and 512.93 ± 283.57 to 97.96 ± 39.25, respectively, at post-intervention (TF3), demonstrating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). A higher percentage of participants in the SG achieved normal menstrual blood loss compared to the TG (93.5% vs 74.2%). The SG showed a considerable improvement in total SF-36 scores (73.56%) compared to the TG (65.65%), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Additionally, no serious adverse events were reported in either group. Notably, machine learning algorithms, particularly AB and KNN, demonstrated the highest accuracy within cross-validation models for both primary and secondary outcomes.
Conclusion: The A. arabica and C. camphora vaginal suppository is effective, cost-effective, and safe in controlling HMB. This botanical vaginal suppository provides a novel and innovative alternative to traditional interventions, demonstrating promise as an effective management approach for HMB.
... Based on previous research, there are 11 compounds contained in the skin , Behbahani et al. 2020, Nuwa et al. 2021, while the leaves contain 21 compounds (Suwandhi et al. 2014, Kumar et al. 2019, Al-Zereini et al. 2022. Compounds from C. sintoc essential oil have many benefits and functions such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities (Kumar et al. 2019, Zhang et al. 2019, Abd El-Hack et al. 2020, Wu et al. 2020, Bottoni et al. 2021. ...
Cinnamomum sintoc Blume is native from the lowland region of Indonesia, and is an endemic plant in Mount Ciremai National Park. It is a medicinal plant that can be extracted into essential oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils contained in the leaves and bark of C. sintoc in Mount of Ciremai National Park. The extraction method uses steam distillation. The distillation results are analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil. The results showed there are differences in the composition of chemical compounds contained in the leaves and bark of C. sintoc, the main chemical compound components in the leaves were linalool (8.26-87.12 %), 1,8-cineole (33.20-49.21 %), caryophyllene (1.54-7.78 %), α-terpineol (1.02-17.23 %), β-selinene (1.02-4.16 %), germacrene β (1.02-4.03 %), and (-)-caryophyllene oxide (1.01-2.49 %) and in the bark were 1,8-cineole (11.70-51.88 %), α-terpineol (12.17-25.64 %), linalool (38.11-78.98%), 4-terpineol (3.71-10.11 %), caryophyllene (1.23-4.90 %), β-pinene (1.09-4.02 %), and d-cadinene (1.01-3.28 %). This research shows that the highest yields of essential oils are found on the western slopes of Mount Ciremai National Park.
... Terpenoids are the largest and most far-reaching class of secondary metabolites, predominantly in plants and lower spineless creatures [41]. Their biological activities include anticancer, anti-inflammatory [42], plant growth promotion [43] and reduction of cardiovascular disease. The predominant terpenoids found in M. charantia are cucurbitane-type terpenoids which include, 3-[(5β,19-epoxy-19,25-dimethoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3-yl)oxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid, [45], charantagenins D and E [46], kuguaosides A, B, C and D, charantoside A, momordicosides I, F1, F2, K, L and U, goyaglycosides-b, goyaglycosides-d, 3-O-β-D-allo pyranoside, 25-hydroxy-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-19-on-3β-ol, 7β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside [47], phytol [48] Kuguacin B, J, L, M, P and S [49], 5β,19-epoxy-25methoxy-cucurbita-6,23-diene-3b,19-diol [38], [50], 5β, 19-epoxycucurbitane triterpenoids [51], karavilagenin F, karaviloside XII and XIII, momordicine I, II, VI, VII and VIII [52]. ...
... Cinnamomum belongs to the Lauraceae family, and flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and volatile oils are important chemical constituents of C. migao [20,21]. Due to its diverse phytochemical nature, this genus has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits for various health issues such as HIV, pain relief, inflammation, bacterial infections, cancer, and arrhythmia [22][23][24][25]. C. migao has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to treat gastrointestinal and cerebrovascular illnesses, and it is a key component of Xinnaoning capsules, a traditional Miao tribe medicine used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection [21,26,27]. ...
Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids are most prevalent in the genus Cinnamomum. Hence this study investigates the structures, anti-nociceptive and IL-6 targeted anti-inflammatory potential of three novels C-14 guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids and two new monoterpenoids, isolated from Cinnamomum migao. The structures were precisely confirmed and characterized through the modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques of HRESIMS, 1 D NMR, 2 D NMR, experimental circular dichroism (ECD), and calculated (ECD). Novel sesqui-terpenoids 1 and 2 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against the NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Their IC 50 values were determined as 9.52 and 13.42 μМ against IL-6 mRNA, respectively. Similarly, subcutaneous injection of n-BuT and EA extracts showed a dose-dependent suppression of formalin-induced tonic biting/licking responses during the tonic antinociceptive phase. Furthermore, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids 1 and 2 displayed that both compounds have a high level of GIT absorption, with a high zone of safety for cardiac and hepatotoxicity and no inhibition of cytochromes. In addition, molecular docking and simulation studies strengthen the anti-inflammatory potential of sesquiterpene 2 which showed a good binding affinity with IL-6 protein. Overall the inclusive results showed that the extracts and newly isolated guaiane-type sesquiterpe-noids from C. migao will provide new evidence for the traditional use of this species to treat inflammation and nociception.
... Glycosides exhibit pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic (Yang et al., 2022) and antimicrobial activities (Tm et al., 2022). Terpenoids exert pharmacological effects against a tumor, cancer, inflammation, malaria, diabetes, and microbial infections (Wu et al., 2020;Yang et al., 2020). Saponins exhibit pharmacological effects against cancer, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbial infections (Fang et al., 2020). ...
This research aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and antibacterial effects of methanol and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (DM). The phytochemicals were detected and quantified while the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was established determining the zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids (16.33% ±0.88) were present in the methanol extract only while saponins and flavonoids were detected in concentrations of 31.00% ±2.31 and 21.01% ±2.33 respectively for the methanol extract and 21.67% ±1.76 and 38.01% ±1.16, for the ethyl acetate. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ZI on S. aureus (21.3 mm ±1.11) with its least inhibition observed on E. coli (6.5 mm ±0.77) while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ZI on S. typhi (19.1 mm ±2.01). S. typhi exhibited more sensitivity to DM extracts at the least concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml (methanol) and 25 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) while the MBC results showed that the 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were the effective respective concentration for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts against S. typhi. Conclusively, DM exhibited an antibacterial effect against the test organisms with notable inhibitory and bactericidal effects.
... Cinnamomum belongs to the Lauraceae family, and flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and volatile oils are important chemical constituents of C. migao [20,21]. Due to its diverse phytochemical nature, this genus has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits for various health issues such as HIV, pain relief, inflammation, bacterial infections, cancer, and arrhythmia [22][23][24][25]. C. migao has traditionally been used in Chinese medicine to treat gastrointestinal and cerebrovascular illnesses, and it is a key component of Xinnaoning capsules, a traditional Miao tribe medicine used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection [21,26,27]. ...
... The genus Cinnamomum has been reported to contain alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and volatile oils (Guoruoluo et al., 2017(Guoruoluo et al., , 2018Lin et al., 2008;Muhammad et al., 2021;Zhou et al., 2019Zhou et al., , 2017. Pharmacologically Cinnamomum has abundant biological activities including analgesic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-arrhythmic, and antibacterial activities (De Oliveira et al., 2015;Liu et al., 2018;Wu et al., 2020). Cinnamomum migao H. W. Li is an endemic medicinal woody plant species primarily distributed in Southwestern China. ...
Objective
To isolate and identify the undescribed compounds from the fruits of Cinnamomum migao and evaluate its nitric oxide inhibition potential.
Methods
The chromatographic techniques of silica gel, sephadex, and HPLC were used for isolation and purification of the compounds, while HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, ECD, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize and confirm the isolated compounds. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was carried out to check inhibitory potential against the production of nitric oxide with RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.
Results
Camganoid A (1), a novel sesquiterpene possessing an unprecedented skeleton, and camganoid B (2), containing a unique eight-membered sesquiterpene moiety with a new carbon skeleton, were isolated and identified from the fruits of C. migao. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Among these compounds, compound 1 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against the production of nitric oxide with IC50 value of 4.59 μmol/L in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS.
Conclusion
The isolation of two new skeletons from the fruits part of C. migao possessed unique skeletons which have not been reported before.
... The Cinnamomum genus consists of various tropical plants which originated and are widely cultivated in Southeast Asia [1]. The essential oils (EOs), enriched in the aromatic bark and leaves of the plants, are commonly used as a spice in food and as a traditional remedy for colds, flatulence, control of blood sugar levels, anti-aging, muscle and menstrualrelated pain [2]. The chemical components of cinnamon EOs have been of significant interest. ...
Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamomum genus) essential oil is commonly used in food preparation and traditional medicines, with a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, research on the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from C. verum cultivated locally in Vietnam is currently limited. Therefore, in this study, the chemical compositions and bioactivities of EOs from the bark and leaves of C. verum collected from the Thai Nguyen and Yen Bai provinces of Vietnam were investigated. The EOs samples were extracted by using water distillation, organic solvent (n-hexane) and ultrasound-assisted (in n-hexane solvent) extraction methods. The chemical composition of the obtained EOs were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Results showed that the major chemical compositions of C. verum EOs were: (E)-cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, and benzaldehyde. Furthermore, C. verum EOs exhibited inhibitory activities against two tested cancer cell lines and four bacterial strains. These findings provide essential knowledge about the potential application of C. verum EOs cultivated in Vietnam for the pharmaceutical industry.
... These hydrogels were utilized to formulate it with EOs, Zanthoxylum armatum (sichuan pepper) and Cinnamomum camphora (camphor) which have uses in cuisines, commercial and homeopathic applications [11][12][13][14]. Among the two EOs utilized, camphor oil is especially known for being highly volatile and unstorable [14][15][16]. We used the gels for incorporation of these two EOs and deposited these onto the bacterial surfaces to study the applications of hydrogels as effective delivery system of EOs to enhance the bactericidal effects of the oils. ...
Objective
While essential oils have many applications in medicine, not many studies have been done in the past to address issues of active targeting, enhancing bioavailability and reducing toxicity at higher concentrations. Herein, we used Fmoc-3F-Phe amino acid hydrogels to address such issues by encapsulating essential oils, Zanthoxylum armatum and Cinnamomum camphora , in its system and allowing sustained-release of these oils onto bacterial assays of E. coli ATCC 25922 , P. hauseri NBRC 3851 , M. luteus KACC 13377, and B. subtilis ATCC 66333 for probing enhanced antibacterial properties of the oils by prolonging its efficacy through controlled-release mechanism.
Results
We found that while Zanthoxylum oil showed no particular difference in enhancing the antibacterial property against the three fast growing bacteria, however profound variation was observed against slow growing bacteria B. subtilis. The hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to retain its antibacterial property for a longer time while directly applied oil could not for this bacteria. Even for highly volatile camphor oil, the oil itself failed to show any antibacterial property with direct use, however the hydrogel encapsulated oil was able to show excellent antibacterial property for B. subtilis and M. luteus through prohibition of sublimation via encapsulation.
... China has abundant cinnamon resources that produce 80% of the world's cinnamon and regards it as a traditional Chinese medicine (Li et al. 2013a). Cinnamon bark and leaves, rich in essential oils (Li et al. 2020), have a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects (Yap et al. 2014;Jiang et al. 2016;Wu et al. 2020;Li et al. 2021). Cinnamomum verum J. Presl oil was found to exert insecticidal effects, possibly by inhibiting various metabolic detoxification enzymes in spiral planthoppers, mosquitoes, lice, Psoroptes cuniculi Delafond (Astigmata: Psoroptidae), and cotton bollworms (Dugassa et al. 2009;Nerio et al. 2010;Kumar et al. 2012;Jumbo et al. 2014). ...
Synthetic pesticides used to control Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can negatively affect human and environmental health due to non-target toxicity and long-lasting residues. Plant essential oils may have lower human health impacts and environmental toxicity. They can be an excellent source of pesticides because of their exceptional repellency and insecticidal properties. In this study, we used the fumigation method to study the insecticidal properties of essential oils from the bark and leaves of Cinnamomum loureirii Nees on S. invicta at different concentrations and fumigation time. The fumigation time with C. loureirii essential oils was positively correlated with the knockdown and mortality of S. invicta and negatively correlated with the grasping. The essential oils at 320 µg/cm³ had a noticeable fumigation effect. The insecticidal effect of the essential oils extracted from C. loureirii leaves was significantly stronger than that from the bark at effective concentrations. Cinnamyl acetate, an abundant component in leaf essential oils, plays a vital role in increasing the insecticidal effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde. The treatment of the mixed trans-cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate in a 2:1 ratio had the best insecticidal effect (at 50 and 25 µg/cm³, respectively) and more apparent electroantennogram change than the individual compounds. Essential oils caused disorganization and shedding of the antennae morphology and receptors that led to the death of S. invicta. This study provides a basis for developing and utilizing cinnamon leaf oil as a new environment-friendly insecticide resource to control S. invicta.
Graphical abstract
