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The structure of solenoid screw-in cartridge valve (SCV) ((A) the armature volume chamber; (B) the spring volume chamber).
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Digital hydraulic technology as an emergent and important branch of fluid power offers good prospects for intelligence, integration, and energy saving of hydraulic systems. The high-speed on-off valve (HSV) that is a critical component of digital hydraulics has the drawbacks of specific design, narrow scope of application and high price compared to...
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The new configuration of independent metering valve (NIMV) system uses three proportional valves that gave been effectively proven to be energy saving compared with a conventional independent metering valve system in the fixed load condition. However, the variable load condition completely affects the accuracy and energy consumption during the oper...
Citations
... Two-stage proportional cartridge valves are used in such applications. Two-stage proportional cartridge valves with a poppet-type construction, which give better sealing compared with the traditional large flow proportional cartridge valve, have been succesfully used in large-flow, fast-response, and high-pressure applications [12,13]. ...
... Daling Yue et al. (2021) proposed a control strategy based on optimizing the duty ratios of positive and negative pulse voltages to decrease the opening and closing times of a screw-in cartridge valve [22]. The same research group further developed optimizations in the opening and closing times of a valve by proposing a hybrid voltage control strategy in which a preload voltage and hold voltage stage were added to the positive pulse and negative pulse voltages [13]. A cartridge proportional valve, similar to the one under study in this work, was investigated in prior studies. ...
... The sign of each of the parameters is specified explicitly in Equation (15), and this is performed in accordance with the physics of the device described in Equations (1)- (13). ϕ 5 is positive or negative depending on A T /A B . ...
Digital twins are an emerging technology that can be harnessed for the digitalization of the industry. Steel industry systems contain a large number of electro-hydraulic components as proportional valves. An input–output model for a water proportional cartridge valve was derived from physical modeling based on fluid mechanics, dynamics, and electrical principles. The valve is a two-stage valve with two two/two-way water proportional valves as the pilot stage and a marginally stable poppet-type cartridge valve as the main valve. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an input–output model was derived for a two-stage proportional cartridge valve with a marginally stable main valve. The orifice equation, which is based on Bernoulli principles, was approximated by a polynomial, which made the parameter estimation easier and modeling possible without measuring the pressure of the varying control volume, in contrast with previous studies of similar types of valves situated in the pilot stage part of the valve. This work complements previous studies of similar types of valves in two ways: (1) data were collected when the valve was operating in a closed loop and (2) data were collected when the valve was part of a press mill machine in a steel manufacturing plant. Model parameters were identified from data from these operating conditions. The parameters of the input–output model were estimated by convex optimization with physical constraints to overcome the problems caused by poor system excitation. For comparison, a simple linear model was derived and the least squares method was used for the parameter estimation. A thorough estimation of the parameters’ relative errors is presented. The model contains five parameters related to the design parameters of the valve. The modeled position output was in good agreement with experimental data for the training and test data. The model can be used for the real-time monitoring of the valve’s status by the model parameters. One of the model parameters varied linearly with the production cycles. Thus, the aging of the valve can be monitored.
... Two-stages proportional cartridge valves are used in such applications. Two-stages proportional cartridge valves with a poppet type construction, which gives better sealing compared to the traditional large flow proportional cartridge valve, have been used succesfully in large flow, fast response, and high-pressure applications [12,13]. ...
... Daling Yue et al. (2021) proposed a control strategy based on optimizing the duty ratios of positive and negative pulse voltages so as to decrease the opening and closing times of a screw-in cartridge valve [22]. The same research group further developed optimizations in the opening and closing times of a valve by proposing a hybrid voltage control strategy, in which a preload voltage and hold voltage stage were added to the positive pulse and negative pulse voltages [13]. A cartridge proportional valve, similar to the one under study in this work, was investigated in prior studies. ...
... The sign of each of the parameters is specified explicitly in (15), and this is performed in accordance with the physics of the device described in (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). ϕ 5 is positive or negative depending on A T /A B . ...
Digital twins are an emerging technology that could be harnessed for the digitalization of the industry. Steel industry systems contain a large number of electro-hydraulic components, as proportional valves. An input-output model for a novel water proportional cartridge valve is derived from physical modelling based on fluid mechanics, dynamics, and electrical principles. The valve is a two-stage valve with two 2/2-way water proportional valves as the pilot stage and a marginally stable poppet-type cartridge valve as the main valve. The orifice equation, which is based on Bernoulli principles, is approximated by a polynomial which makes parameter estimation easier and makes modelling possible without measuring pressure of the varying control volume situated in the pilot stage part of the valve. Data were collected when the valve was operating as a component in a closed-loop system as part of a press-mill machine in a steel manufacturing plant. Parameter estimation was made by convex optimization with physical constraints to overcome problems caused by poor system excitation. For comparison, a simple linear model was derived and the least squares method used for parameter estimation. A thorough estimation of the parameters relative errors is presented. The model contains 5 parameters related to the design parameters of the valve. The modelled position output is in good agreement with experimental data for training and test data. The model can be used for real time monitoring of the valve’s status by the model parameters. One of the model parameters varies linearly with production cycles. Thus, aging of the valve can be monitored.
... where m v represents the equivalent total mass of the spool; x v is the displacement of the spool; F e is the electromagnetic force; F ss is the elastic force generated by the compression of the spring; F f is the frictional force, F f t , F f s are the transient and steady-state hydrodynamic forces, respectively. F e , F ss , F f t , and F f s can be represented by the following equation [31]: ...
There is a permanent and strong need for energy recovery to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic system in the field of the construction machinery. In addition, the digital pump will become powerful and versatile by employing different configurations and intelligent control of the flow distribution valves. Considering this case, we have proposed a novel digital pump in which every plunger is equipped with two flow distribution valves. By controlling these two valves, external hydraulic energy can be directly reused without other components. Based on the structure and working principle of the digital pump, the mathematical model is established and three working modes are detailed. To verify the feasibility and correctness of control methods, a performance simulation testing platform including a digital pump, load module, hydraulic energy to be recovered, and controller module was developed in AMESim R15 software. The pressure, flow rate, and torque simulations of the digital pump in three working modes were carried out. The simulation results have shown that the digital pump not only can be used as an ordinary pump but also has the function of recovery and immediate reutilization of another hydraulic energy. Meanwhile, the corresponding variable displacement control strategy is effective and the positive torque required to drive the digital pump can be reduced, which verified the energy-saving of this scheme. The ideas and contents in this paper can offer significant references for energy conservation technology of various engineering machineries and the intensive study of digital hydraulics.
... Yue et al. adopted positive and negative pulse voltage control for the solenoid coil, and the dynamic response characteristics are significantly enhanced by 56.67% compared to the conventional method [10]. Liu et al. proposed a new hybrid voltage control method consisting of preload voltage, positive pulse voltage, hold voltage, and negative pulse voltage, which reduced the open delay time by 74.24% and reduced the close delay time by 92.06% [11]. ...
Perfect flow distribution is extremely important and essential for digital pumps. However, the fluctuation of motor speed and the change of valve dynamic characteristics cause the flow distribution flaw, which generates the backflow of the oil in the piston chamber and the decrease in pump volumetric efficiency. Based on the three-dimensional and mathematical modeling of the digital pump, the perfect distribution state of the digital pump is analyzed. Then, the adverse effects of the variations in motor speed and valve dynamic characteristics on the flow distribution of the digital pump were simulated and investigated by the software AMESim. To overcome the aforementioned problems, we proposed an adaptive control method for the flow distribution valve of a digital pump, which was realized by adopting the axis rotation angle and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the flow distribution valve. The results show that the control signal of the flow distribution valve can be regulated automatically along with the motor speed and the valve dynamic characteristics, achieving the ideal flow distribution of the digital pump designed in this paper. The study can be used as a reference for the optimal design and prototype manufacturing of the digital pump.
... The results indicate that compared with the double-voltage control, the opening lag time of the valve was reduced by 66.7% under the preloaded voltage control. Liu et al. [47] provided a hybrid voltage control strategy to improve the dynamic response speed of a solenoid cartridge valve. In this research, the output signal of the control strategy consisted of a preload voltage, a high voltage, a hold voltage, and a reverse voltage signal. ...
As the working conditions of host equipment become more complex and severe, performance improvement and increased intelligence of high speed on/off valves (HSV) are inevitable trends in the development of digital hydraulic technology. The characteristics of HSVs can be regulated by control strategies, which determine the comprehensive performance of the system. This paper discusses the development of control strategies for HSVs. First, the results of research in relation to the discrete voltage and pulse control of single HSVs and the coding control of parallel HSVs are summarized. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of different control strategies are analyzed and compared. Finally, the development trends are predicted from the performance regulation, intelligent maintenance, intelligent coding and function programmability.
