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Magnesium hydroxide is used as an adsorbent for the removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solution. We have investigated the effectiveness of removal of indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions at pH 6-7 and 12-13 using magnesium hydroxide thereby varying the dose of the adsorbent, concentration of the dye, duration, and temperature. Structur...
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This study investigated phosphate ions removal from aqueous solutions by using modified bentonite with magnesium hydroxide in batch system. Raw bentonite (RB) and Mg-modified bentonite (MB) were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Adsorption experiments w...
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... Adsorption is considered the most advantageous due to ease of operation, high efficiency in a wide pH range, high performance and the possibility of reusing the adsorbent by regeneration [63,75]. Adsorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon, in which the pollutant is attached to the surface of the adsorbent material which can be activated carbon [76][77][78], various organic or inorganic matrices [71], magnetic composites [59], geopolymers [79], chitosan [80], β-cyclodextrin, chitinchitosan [63], synthesized cationic hydrogels [52], ionic/nonionic polystyrene adsorbents [81], magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide [82], etc. ...
Dyes, as indigo carmine have become indispensable to modern life being widely used in food, textile, pharmaceutical, medicine and cosmetic industries. Although indigo carmine is considered toxic and presents many adverse effects, it is heavily used in the food industry because the blue pigment is difficult to obtain from natural sources and is one of the most used dyes in the textile industry, especially for dyeing denim. Also, indigo carmine is one of the dyes used in medicine as diagnostic agent because it has impressive applicability in terms of diagnostic methods and surgical procedures. In the literature it is reported that indigo carmine is toxic for humans and can cause various pathologies, such as hypertension, hypotension, skin irritations, corneal and conjunctival disorders or gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we discuss the structure and properties of indigo carmine, its use in various industries and medicine, the adverse effects of its ingestion, injection or skin contact, the effects on environmental pollution and its toxicity testing.
... 4 This is a contradicted objective between the industrial sector and the environmental concerns bearing in mind that even a concentration of 1.0 ppm of dyes in the water can heavily impact its characteristics. 5 Indigo carmine, acid blue, is an organic compound with a chemical name, 5,5 0 -indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt (C 16 -H 8 N 2 Na 2 O 8 S 2 , 466.36 g mol À1 ), 5 with two sulphonated groups and four aromatic rings. 6 It is utilized as dyeing material for many purposes including textile coloring, cosmetics, printing, biological staining, dermatological and antibacterial agent, and as an additive to poultry feed. ...
... Batch removal studies were carried out in 50 mL screw-top bottles containing 25 mL IC dye solutions to elucidate the inuence of the operational parameters, including the pH solution (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), initial IC dye concentration (10-100 ppm), and contact time (2-210 min). The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 3.0 h. ...
Novel doped MgO nanoadsorbents were effectively fabricated at various Bi2O3 doping concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10%). DFT-D3 study showed that the doping is done by substitution of two magnesium atoms by two bismuth atoms with the creation of a vacancy of one Mg atom. TEM, SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, and FTIR were used to characterize the obtained nanostructures. The removal of indigo carmine (IC) dyes from wastewater by doped MgO nanoparticles is investigated. Experimental parameters such as the initial dye concentration, contact time, Bi2O3 doping concentration, and pH were optimized to enhance the adsorption capacity. Bi2O3 doped MgO prepared at 5% (MgOBi2) is the best adsorbent with a maximum IC adsorption capacity of 126 mg g-1 at a solution pH equal to 7.00 and contact time of 74 min. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order (PSO) reaction kinetics, and the Freundlich isotherm model gave a better goodness-of-fit than the linear Langmuir model. The FTIR study established that IC molecules are successfully adsorbed onto the surface of MgOBi2 via a chemisorption process.
... Recently, several studies have developed magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) as a dye adsorbent. In the research of Ramesh and Sreenivasa [12], Mg(OH)2 was used as an adsorbent for indigo carmine dye with the adsorption percentage at pH 6-7 (333 K) was 20% higher than at pH 12-13. Yunessnia lehi and Akbari [13] employed Mg(OH)2 in membrane capsule form as an adsorbent for dye wastewater in carpet industries, in which the dye molecules were adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles, resulting in dye concentration decreased. ...
The study of Mg(OH)2 from seawater bittern as an adsorbent for Congo red (CR) from an aqueous solution has been performed. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH, contact time, and initial CR concentration on CR adsorption by Mg(OH)2. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of CR on Mg(OH)2 in an aqueous solution were also studied. The optimum adsorption was obtained at pH 8 within 90 minutes of contact time with an adsorption capacity of 46.3 mg/g for an initial CR concentration of 29 mg/L. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model with an n value of 2.579 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a k2 value of 0.0021 g mg−1min−1.
... In the present study, due to the simultaneous presence of iron, cobalt, and vanadium metals, the best removal efficiency was obtained in pH equal to 3 with an efficiency of 96.79%, which followed the Freundlich model. By using different methods and processes, methyl orange dye can be removed from solutions (water/ wastewater), which has been studied in various studies, including adsorption methods [28,29], electrochemical treatment [30], ozonation [31,32], biological [33], nanocomposites [34], photocatalyst [35]. In this study, the experiments were performed using the adsorption process and suitable results were obtained for dye removal. ...
Background: In recent years, the dye industry has rapidly been developed. Dyes are one in all the foremost dangerous groups of chemical compounds found in industrial effluents, which are of considerable importance for reasons like reduced light permeability and therefore the subsequent disruption of the method of photosynthesis in water sources. This study was performed to remove dye using Fe-Co-V /Zeolite from a synthetic wastewater. Methods: After chemical synthesis of the nanocomposite, its structure was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The experiments were performed under different pH values (3-11), contact times (5-50 min), absorbent dose (0.5-0.6g), stirring speed (240-60 rpm), and different concentrations. Results: The results showed that the optimal and final conditions affecting the removal of methyl orange dye in the most suitable conditions for 200 mL of the solution with a concentration of 20 mg/L at pH equal to 3, contact time 20 min, adsorbent dose 0.2 g, jar speed 180 rpm and temperature 25°C, which finally with the application of the optimal data, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, the best efficiency was obtained. The examination of isotherm diagrams and isotherm coefficients showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich equation. Conclusion: According to the obtained results and physical and chemical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite, it can be used to remove pollutants from the environment such as wastewater and air.
... Activated charcoal, zeolites, layered materials, metal oxides, and graphite-based compounds are the most prevalent adsorbents. Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives have attracted considerable interest in the adsorptive removal of toxic dye from wastewater [106,107] (Table 3). Li et al. [108] used a GO-calcium alginate-based material in an adsorption process to remove methylene blue from wastewater. ...
The introduction of inorganic and organic contaminants into aquatic systems by waste streams released from urban, industrial, agricultural, and other sources has become a global problem. Heavy metal ions and synthetic dyes are the most common contaminants in natural aquatic systems, causing a variety of life-threatening problems in humans and other living things. Graphene oxide-based nanocomposite materials have been widely used in the treatment of water/wastewater containing heavy metal ions and dye pollutants because of their high surface areas, excellent mechanical strength, and adaptability to different functional groups. Adsorption-based removal of heavy metal ions and synthetic dyes from aqueous media, as well as photo-degradation of dyes using efficient adsorbents or photo-catalysts like graphene-based nanocomposite materials, has a lot of benefits, including cost-effectiveness, applicability in large-scale operations, efficiency, and reutilization. The majority of graphene or reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite materials can remove or degrade over 90% of heavy metal ions and dye pollutants from wastewater. According to a literature review, some of these materials decontaminated wastewater to the extent of 99 or 100%. The potential of graphene oxide based nanomaterials in the treatment of water/wastewater, significant features of graphene based nanomaterials, adsorption and photo-catalytic processes, future aspects, and some relevant current investigations are all discussed in this review.
... When initial concentration of dye was increase from 10ppm to 50ppm. This proven that the indigo carmine removal by adsorbent is dependent on the concentration (Mane and Bhusari, 2012 figure 7 shows when increase time dye removal was also increase (Nakamura et al., 2005;Ramesh and Sreenivasa, 2015). ...
Elimination of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, dose mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo-second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature. KEYWORDS Indigo carmine dye, removal, textile wastewater treatment, adsorption, use of adsorbents.
... While contact time of ESP and DPSP graphs shown when increase time dye removal was slightly decrease. But PSP in fig.9 shows when increase time dye removal was also increase (Nakamura et al., 2005;Ramesh and Sreenivasa, 2015). ...
Exclusion of Indigo carmine color by adsorption method on eggshell (ESP), date palm seeds (DPS) and papaya seeds powder (PSP) from watery arrangement was researched. The examination done by following group mode strategies, for example, portion sum mg/g, pH, focus, contact time and speed rpm separately. The surface reading examined through; FTIR-Fourier change electron microscopy, SEM-Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-Energy dispersive x-beam investigation. Best adsorption follows dynamic pseudo – second request motor plots. Adsorption isotherms best fitted in Langmuir and Freundlich plots. Results pronounced that most extreme expulsion of color was accomplished at powerful portion for ESP is 500mg, DPSP 100mg while for PSP is 80mg at enhanced pH3, utilizing 50mg/l convergence of color, contact time and 100speed rpm study performed at room temperature
... Reports exist on the application of diverse varieties of adsorbents in the removal of indigo carmine dye (Zhang et al. 2014). Magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and calcium hydroxide are economical adsorbents that have been explored for the abstraction of indigo carmine (Ramesh et al. 2013;Ramesh and Pavagada Sreenivasa 2015). Techniques based on inexpensive raw materials such as rice husk, wheat husk, bagasse pith, sawdust, wheat straw, mango seed kernel, clay, apple pomace, Mazandaran wood, and fish scales have also been studied (Robinson et al. 2002;Kumar and Kumaran 2005;Khenifi et al. 2007;Gupta et al. 2007;Gupta 2009;Sharma and Kaur 2011;Ansari et al. 2012;Azizi et al. 2012;Achieng' et al. 2019;Shikuku et al. 2020) for dye removal from wastewater. ...
The syntheses and characterization of fish scale biochar magnetic composites (FSB@Fe3O4) and their applications in the removal of indigo carmine dye from effluents are described. Preparation of the fish scale biochar magnetic composites, FSB@400 °C-Fe3O4, FSB@600 °C-Fe3O4, and FSB@800 °C-Fe3O4, was done following the chemical co-precipitation method. The adsorbents were characterized using peak optical absorbance, functional groups, magnetic strength, surface morphology, particle size, elemental compositions, surface charge, surface area, thermal stability, and crystalline phase, using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spec), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques, correspondingly. The potential of magnetic composites for the abstraction of indigo carmine dye from wastewater was determined as a function of the initial concentration of indigo carmine dye, contact time, dye solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. The results demonstrated that the quantity (q) of indigo carmine dye adsorbed onto magnetic composites improved with a rise in initial dye concentration, adsorbent load, and solution temperature. Conversely, lower quantities of adsorbed dye were recorded at higher pH levels. The data fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit (Langmuir>Freundlich>Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Hill>Sips>Temkin) suggesting a uniformly monolayer adsorption. Adsorption of environmental wastewater samples revealed that all the adsorbents can be used to effectively treat industrial wastewaters. The recycling data established that the adsorbents could be used for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of adsorption capacities.
... Reports exist on the application of diverse varieties of adsorbents in the removal of indigo carmine dye (Zhang et al. 2014). Magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, and calcium hydroxide are economical adsorbents that have been explored for the abstraction of indigo carmine (Ramesh et al. 2013;Ramesh and Pavagada Sreenivasa 2015). Techniques based on inexpensive raw materials such as rice husk, wheat husk, bagasse pith, sawdust, wheat straw, mango seed kernel, clay, apple pomace, Mazandaran wood, and fish scales have also been studied (Robinson et al. 2002;Kumar and Kumaran 2005;Khenifi et al. 2007;Gupta et al. 2007;Gupta 2009;Sharma and Kaur 2011;Ansari et al. 2012;Azizi et al. 2012;Achieng' et al. 2019;Shikuku et al. 2020) for dye removal from wastewater. ...
The syntheses and characterization of fish scale biochar magnetic composites (FSB@Fe3O4) and their applications in the removal of indigo carmine dye from effluents are described. Preparation of the fish scale biochar magnetic composites, FSB@400 °C-Fe3O4, FSB@600 °C-Fe3O4, and FSB@800 °C-Fe3O4, was done following the chemical co-precipitation method. The adsorbents were characterized using peak optical absorbance, functional groups, magnetic strength, surface morphology, particle size, elemental compositions, surface charge, surface area, thermal stability, and crystalline phase, using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spec), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), point of zero charge pH (pHpzc), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) techniques, correspondingly. The potential of magnetic composites for the abstraction of indigo carmine dye from wastewater was determined as a function of the initial concentration of indigo carmine dye, contact time, dye solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. The results demonstrated that the quantity (q) of indigo carmine dye adsorbed onto magnetic composites improved with a rise in initial dye concentration, adsorbent load, and solution temperature. Conversely, lower quantities of adsorbed dye were recorded at higher pH levels. The data fitted a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit (Langmuir>Freundlich>Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Hill>Sips>Temkin) suggesting a uniformly monolayer adsorption. Adsorption of environmental wastewater samples revealed that all the adsorbents can be used to effectively treat industrial wastewaters. The recycling data established that the adsorbents could be used for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of adsorption capacities.
... As taking in consideration of the toxicity of the dye, diverse conventional techniques are used like photocatalytic degradation, electrodialysis, coagulation, ozonation and adsorption for the removal of IC dye from polluted water [17][18][19][20][21]. Though these processes are tedious and non-economical, however, the adsorption technique among all these techniques is found to have shown high removal efficiency and better operational characteristics [22]. ...
In the present study, an inexpensive adsorbent has been synthesized from waste sawdust which can remove the highly toxic dye indigo carmine (IC) from aqueous solution. Activated carbon from sawdust was synthesized using physical and chemical treatment. After using the adsorbent in batch-dye adsorption experiments, it has been characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD which showed significant up-taking capacity (77%) of the dye on its surface. Sensitivity of the dye removal process has been analysed by undergoing batch study with varying initial concentrations of the IC dye, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature and optimization of the process which indicated the optimum condition of the experimental parameters. Various isotherm models and kinetic models have been used for fitting of experimental data and examined to analyse efficiency of the adsorption mechanism. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics were found to be followed by adsorption process over the entire dataset of tested experimental results. The maximum uptake capacity was found to be 30 mg g⁻¹. Thermodynamic investigation was also conducted to project the spontaneity of the reaction.
