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Mental health problems in children and adolescents,
especially those of immigrant backgrounds, have
been of major concern in recent literature. Symptoms of
emotional, conduct, or a combination of these problems,
furthermore, can impact, and be impacted by, schoolrelated
outcomes, such as perceived school stress, classmate
support, and teacher suppo...
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Aims
The transition from youth to adulthood is associated with changes in the consumption of drugs and alcohol. The aim is to explore the process of “maturing out” of high levels of alcohol consumption, substance use and alcohol related problems from youth to adulthood. We are particularly interested in the relationship between the use of cannabis...
AIMS - The transition from youth to adulthood is associated with changes in the consumption of drugs and alcohol. The aim is to explore the process of “maturing out” of high levels of alcohol consumption, substance use and alcohol related problems from youth to adulthood. We are particularly interested in the relationship between the use of cannabi...
Background
The Norwegian version of the Kidscreen-27, a measure of generic health-related quality of life, has not yet been validated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Norwegian Kidscreen-27, in 10 year-old children. Methods
The Kidscreen-27 consists of five domains and was validated in a cross-sect...
Citations
... Third, school-based mental health practice can play an important role in promoting positive intercultural relationships and counteracting social dynamics of stigma and discrimination in multiethnic classrooms (Fazel, 2015). Studies have extensively demonstrated the primary importance of school-related variables in determining the long-term mental health of refugee and immigrant children and adolescents (e.g., Montgomery, 2011;Noam et al., 2014). Being an important part of the social context in diaspora, the school and the relationships that develop within this institutional context are central aspects for immigrant children's and their families' adaptation and integration within the host community (De Haene et al., 2020). ...
This study evaluated the effects of a school-based creative expression program on mental health and classroom social relationships in elementary school children with refugee and nonrefugee migration backgrounds. It was hypothesized that children receiving the intervention would report less externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors, less posttraumatic functioning, and more positive classroom social relationships at posttest than children receiving education as usual, particularly for refugee children. Classes in three multiethnic Belgian elementary schools were randomly assigned to a creative intervention (7 classes, 68 students) or control condition (6 classes, 52 students). All participants (8-12 years old) had a migration background. Almost half (47%) were refugees, 53% were first- to third-generation nonrefugee immigrants. Data collection included pre- and posttest assessment with children, parents, and teachers. Multilevel analysis was used to assess outcomes. Children in the intervention condition rated the classroom climate at posttest more positive than their control peers (d = .33). Children who received the intervention did not show less symptomatic functioning than children in the education-as-usual condition. However, post hoc analysis by baseline severity showed that students with high baseline levels of posttraumatic stress reported less trauma symptoms at posttest in the intervention group than in the control group (d = -.97). This effect was moderated by children's refugee background, indicating a differential effect in which refugee children show more reduction of trauma symptoms as compared to nonrefugee immigrant children. The intervention supported classroom climate and alleviated posttraumatic stress in children with increased posttraumatic symptomatology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
... In his theory, emerging adults who show high life satisfaction possess positive outlook in life and are likely to view stressful life events in more positive ways and experience positive emotional responses, which leads them to display more effective coping behaviors and simply manage difficulty. As such It was reported that school-related social support has a direct effect on schoolrelated stress and an indirect effect on global health, with higher perceived support predicting lower levels of stress and higher global health (Garc et al. 2013) Low levels of support from classmates are associated with higher levels of depression, social anxiety, lower levels of self-esteem (De Wit 2011) and higher risk of emotional and conduct problems (Noam et al. 2014) On the other hand, high levels of perceived school-related social support may act as a protective factor on adolescents from engaging in risk-taking health related behaviors particularly prohibited use of substance such as cigarette smoking, marijuana use and alcohol intoxication, (Hargreaves 2012;Mcneely and Falci 2004). In other words, having a positive outlook of the future is an important source of one's ability to bounce back from adversity, thus, bouncing back from adversity suggest higher subjective well-being which implies that optimistic emerging adults tend to be more resilient which in turn lead to a higher subjective well-being. ...
Recent researches established the effect of optimism on subjective well-being. In the present study, the author attempts to extend and fill in gaps from the previous literature by investigating the potential mediating role of resilience in the relationship between optimism and subjective well-being. This study hypothesized the mediation of resilience between optimism and subjective well-being. This was tested by examining the responses of 300 first year college students on administered questionnaires. Using mediation analysis, the results revealed that all paths were found to be significant; optimism has indirect effects on the three components of subjective well-being as mediated by resilience. Although resilience and indirect effect were found to be significant, resilience only partially mediated the relationship. The results highlights the role of resilience in subjective well-being, exerting its beneficial effects. Considerations for further research are also discussed.
... On the one hand, the migration morbidity hypothesis states that immigration leads to psychosocial problems in immigrant populations [14], which is supported by empirical evidence. Comparing with native adolescents, higher internalizing problems were reported by immigrants in Norway [15,16], Switzerland [17], The Netherlands [18], Italy [4], Denmark [19], Austria [20] and Europe [21]. In addition, higher externalizing problems in immigrants in Dutch [22], Spain [23], and Israel [24] were reported. ...
... Third, existing studies have primarily focused on mental health outcomes of migration. Some studies explored specific mental health problems in immigrants, such as depression [15,33,34], anxiety [3,14,35], self-esteem problems [4,24,27,36] and externalizing problems (e.g., alcohol abuse, delinquency and aggressive behavior [16,17,22,24,37,38]). In fact, except for some isolated studies [16,22,28,39,40], few studies have evaluated multiple adolescent behavioral problems of immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. ...
... Some studies explored specific mental health problems in immigrants, such as depression [15,33,34], anxiety [3,14,35], self-esteem problems [4,24,27,36] and externalizing problems (e.g., alcohol abuse, delinquency and aggressive behavior [16,17,22,24,37,38]). In fact, except for some isolated studies [16,22,28,39,40], few studies have evaluated multiple adolescent behavioral problems of immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. ...
Although the impact of immigration on adolescent developmental outcomes has received extensive scholarly attention, the impact of internal migration, particularly in the Chinese context, on adolescents’ psychosocial development has not been scientifically investigated. This study examined whether mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants (N = 590) and adolescent non-immigrants (n = 1798) differed on: (a) psychosocial attributes indexed by character traits, well-being, social behavior, and views on child development, (b) perceived school environment, and (c) perceptions of characteristics of Hong Kong adolescents. Consistent with the healthy migration hypothesis, Hong Kong adolescents and mainland Chinese adolescent immigrants did not differ on most of the outcomes; Chinese adolescent immigrants showed higher perceived moral character, empathy, and social trust than did Hong Kong adolescent non-immigrants. Chinese adolescent immigrants also showed more favorable perceptions of the school environment and moral character, social trust and social responsibility of adolescents in Hong Kong. This pioneer Chinese study provides support for the healthy immigration hypothesis (immigration paradox hypothesis) but not the immigration morbidity hypothesis within the specific sociocultural context of Hong Kong in China.
... Previous research comparing adaptation of first-and second-immigrant generation immigrant youth has identified the phenomenon of the immigrant paradox, indicating that first-generation immigrant adolescents are often doing better, both education-and health-wise, than their native-born peers with an immigrant background (García Coll et al. 2012;Strohmeier and Schmitt-Rodermund 2008). Even though the immigrant paradox has sometimes gained contradictory or no support in Europe (Dimitrova et al. 2016;García Coll et al. 2012;Mood et al. 2016;Noam et al. 2014;Sam et al. 2008;Van Geel and Vedder 2011), where it is found, it has largely been explained by family-level factors, such as close-knit family ties and the high achievement orientation of families (Noam et al. 2014), different socialization patterns (Mood et al. 2016), and a supportive family culture (Abebe et al. 2014). Parental knowledge defined as adolescent disclosure is a family-level factor whose relationship with adolescents' adaptation is analyzed in this study. ...
... Previous research comparing adaptation of first-and second-immigrant generation immigrant youth has identified the phenomenon of the immigrant paradox, indicating that first-generation immigrant adolescents are often doing better, both education-and health-wise, than their native-born peers with an immigrant background (García Coll et al. 2012;Strohmeier and Schmitt-Rodermund 2008). Even though the immigrant paradox has sometimes gained contradictory or no support in Europe (Dimitrova et al. 2016;García Coll et al. 2012;Mood et al. 2016;Noam et al. 2014;Sam et al. 2008;Van Geel and Vedder 2011), where it is found, it has largely been explained by family-level factors, such as close-knit family ties and the high achievement orientation of families (Noam et al. 2014), different socialization patterns (Mood et al. 2016), and a supportive family culture (Abebe et al. 2014). Parental knowledge defined as adolescent disclosure is a family-level factor whose relationship with adolescents' adaptation is analyzed in this study. ...
In general, parental knowledge is known to support adolescents’ adaptation. Less is known about the role of parental knowledge in psychological (i.e., anxiety) and socio-cultural (i.e., school achievement) adaptation of adolescents with immigrant background, and how parental knowledge and social characteristics (i.e., gender, generational status, immigrant background, and family’ socioeconomic background) of immigrant adolescents jointly influence their adaptation outcomes. This study explores the role of adolescent-reported parental knowledge in explaining adaptation outcomes among first- and second-generation immigrant boys and girls from four different immigrant groups. The study utilizes the national Finnish School Health Promotion survey data (N = 2697, 45% female, M age = 15.6 years, SD = .91) and illustrates the complex relationship between parental knowledge and adolescents’ adaptation.
... A review by Fazel, Reed, Panter-Brick, and Stein [18] on protective and risk factors for immigrant and refugee children, did not find gender as a consistent predictor of internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The lack of presumed gender differences in depression symptoms has also been found in studies comparing ethnic Norwegian adolescents and immigrant youth [17,43]. One can speculate if such findings imply that unaccompanied refugees and other immigrant background boys internalize problems to a greater extent than adolescent boys with non-immigrant background. ...
Objective
Unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs), are at high risk for mental health problems, yet there is a lack of knowledge about social anxiety among these youths. The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms of social anxiety among URMs resettled in Norway, and the combined effects of pre-migration traumatic events, post-migration acculturation related factors (perceived discrimination and culture competence in relation both to the heritage and majority cultures) and demographic background variables, over and above the effect of concurrent depressive symptoms.
Methods
Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire data were collected from 557 URMs from 31 different countries, mainly from Afghanistan (49,6%), Somalia (11,1%), and Iraq (7,0%). Results: The findings from structural equation model (SEM) showed that the effect of pre-migration traumatic events on social anxiety was non-significant (β = 0.001, p = .09), while perceived discrimination and majority culture competence had unique effects on social anxiety (β = 0.39, p < .001 and β = −0.12, p = .008, respectively) over and above depressive symptoms (β = 0.30, p < .001).
Conclusions
The findings show that factors of the current socio-cultural developmental context rather than pre-migration war-related traumatic events the youths experienced before migration accounts for variation in social anxiety. Potential practical implications of the findings for social workers, educational staff and clinicians are discussed.
... One line of research has highlighted the importance of individual assets, such as mental health and general psychological adjustment. For example, positive feelings of immigrant students in Norway towards school were found to be negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms (Noam, Oppedal, Idsoe, & Panjwani, 2014). Similarly, levels of stress and satisfaction with school were inversely related to each other among Vietnamese students in Finland (Liebkind, Jasinskaja-Lahti, & Solheim, 2004). ...
Education is the most central determinant of important life outcomes, from employment to physical and psychological health. Promoting immigrant youth’s education may be the most effective policy measure to promote their well-being and successful adaptation into the host society. Nevertheless, immigrant youth in European countries consistently display poor educational outcomes, albeit with some exceptions. In general, immigrant youth perform worse in PISA assessments, experience higher levels of burnout and stress, and have lower school engagement than their native peers. By contrast, some immigrant youth show academic resilience despite all the immigration-related challenges and risks that may hamper their ability to thrive in school. In this chapter, our goal is to provide a conceptual discussion and overview of the literature on the educational outcomes of immigrant youth in a European context and highlight the factors that may promote their academic resilience. First, we propose a fourfold conceptualization of adjustment outcomes based on the interaction between risk conditions (presence versus absence of risk) and the nature of adjustment outcomes (good versus poor adjustment). Then, we provide a critical review of the current state of the literature on the educational outcomes of immigrant youth. Next, we review the evidence available to identify the assets, acculturative factors, and resources that are linked to academic resilience. We end the chapter with a discussion of future research directions aimed at increasing the knowledge on academic resilience and vulnerability that may be translated into better academic outcomes among immigrant youth.
... With expulsion, displacement, and migration constituting the textures of globalization processes (250 million international migrants globally), migrant health needs have emerged more saliently, with communication a critical anchor in addressing mental health (Mao & Ahmed, 2018). A large proportion of migrants constitute temporary and low-skilled workers, partaking in labor with serious occupational hazards (Noam et al., 2014;Van Hulst et al., 2011;World Health Organization, n.d.). Migrant bodies in precarious labor depict the political economy of space and movement, reflecting complex and multi-layered structural exclusions (Parreñas, 2015). ...
Articulating that domestic workers in Singapore are marked by their subalternity, erased from the hegemonic discursive spaces in spite of their visibility as objects in the neoliberal economy, this manuscript draws on the culture-centered approach to conceptualize listening as a structurally transformative anchor to theorizing mental health. The narratives offered by workers reveal critical insights into the way structure functions to create conditions of mental health suffering in the performance of precarious domestic work, intricately tied to the erasure of voice. The material violence on the bodies of workers relates to the everyday challenges to mental health. A lack of access to infrastructures of information and communication add to the conditions of marginality. In listening to these storied descriptions of suffering in precariousness, we hear voices revealing limited alternatives to mental health care in poor working conditions, with workers entrapped in a cycle of stress, worry, and fear.
... One line of research has highlighted the importance of individual assets, such as mental health and general psychological adjustment. For example, positive feelings of immigrant students in Norway towards school were found to be negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms (Noam, Oppedal, Idsoe, & Panjwani, 2014). Similarly, levels of stress and satisfaction with school were inversely related to each other among Vietnamese students in Finland (Liebkind, Jasinskaja-Lahti, & Solheim, 2004). ...
... Most of research highlights such aspects of integration as language proficiency, social and economic situations, school functioning, acculturation among migrant children [9,10]. Various studies have assessed the effects of migration to health and well being with focus on mental health issues, psychological well-being, and involvement in risk behaviors of child migrants compared to the same indicators of native children [11,12,13]. ...
... In one study in this review, children from minority backgrounds-especially boys-were found to have more emotional problems, and this was associated with more school hassles (106). Another study found more similarities between immigrant and non-immigrant youth in emotional problems, but that immigrant boys reported more emotional problems than non-immigrant boys (107). Again, school stress was found to be an important associated factor. ...
