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![The stages of urban development in Jakarta [1].](publication/320591648/figure/fig1/AS:563527250976768@1511366774476/The-stages-of-urban-development-in-Jakarta-1.png)
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![Fig. 1. The stages of urban development in Jakarta [1].](publication/320591648/figure/fig1/AS:563527250976768@1511366774476/The-stages-of-urban-development-in-Jakarta-1_Q320.jpg)
![Table 1 Population growth in Jakarta [2].](publication/320591648/figure/tbl1/AS:669304110460955@1536585943788/Population-growth-in-Jakarta-2_Q320.jpg)
This data article contains the urban features of three informal settlements in Jakarta: A. Kampung Bandan; B. Kampung Luar Batang; And C. Kampung Muara Baru. The data describes the urban features of physical structures, infrastructures, and public services. These data include maps showing locations of these settlements, photography of urban status,...
Citations
... Massive urbanisation and rapid urban growth due to population are the main contributors to the shortage of land and high land values in Jakarta. More than 25% of agricultural land has been converted into settlements to meet the growing demand for land (Alzamil, 2017;Baker, 2012). The data from Subroto (2023) also showed a higher growth rate in the mid-twentieth century and is projected to increase more from 2010 to 2030 (Table 1). ...
... The different coefficient values occurred through the dispersion of the PD, which concentrated on the residential areas with relatively lower values than those in the city centre. Moreover, many dense suburbans develop in prime areas with relatively low land value considering their environmental factors and available facilities, such as water supply, waste collection, electricity connection, gas systems, communication infrastructures, and drainage systems (Alzamil, 2017). ...
Jakarta's dynamism is impacted profoundly by the growing economic activity of urban agglomeration. The high intensity of urban economic activities has transformed the capital's spatial configuration with the emergence of concentrated commercial areas, so-called urban clusters. The agglomeration stimulated an increased demand for commercial property, raising the need for land parcels. Theoretically, various determinant attributes influence land value; one of them is the location aspect. Location was often measured using the distance calculation method despite the questionable accuracy of the current city spatial structure. This research analyzes a new location attribute by considering spatial design and configuration , specifically from the arrangement of the surrounding environments. This study quantifies the degree of clusterization of an area and finds its relation to land value. We found that spatial clusterization positively correlates to the land value by 0.172%, and clusterization creates real estate advantages by adding more value to the properties within the cluster. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Informal settlements are usually specified by features such as inadequate sanitation, lack of solid waste management, insufficient water supply, scarce housing units, and basic infrastructure. Many informal settlements have infrastructure that is inadequately suited for residents' sanitation, education, and health (Alzamil, 2017;Finn & Kobayashi, 2020;Uddin, 2018;UN-Habitat, 2004;Wekesa, Steyn, & Otieno, 2011). The causes of informal settlements are polyvalent. ...
Informal settlements constitute a prominent form of urbanization across the world. The rapid growth of Yazd presents an example of informal urbanization in Iran at the nexus of development, poverty, and inequality. While scholarship on urban informality is abundant, a lacuna exists in the literature on systematic quantitative research on informality among urban residents. The present study investigates residents' perceptions regarding informality and captures their responses before and after the expansion of an informal settlement in Yazd. Through this quantitative research, we aim to articulate and highlight specific domains of informality, offering a framework assessing the complexities of informality that extend beyond only Iranian informal settlements. This paper analyzes the status of urban informality and migration in terms of their social, economic, physical, environmental, and urban management characteristics in “Airport Neighborhood”, a prominent Yazd neighborhood. This paper seeks to add theoretical and empirical depth to the categorization of distinct yet overlapping domains of informality. Our quantitative approach to migration and informality informs our central research question: How does the complexity of informality affect different groups of people living in one informal settlement? We find that recent migrants to the settlement are less involved in urban governance, women experience improved work opportunities after moving to the informal settlement but remain marginalized, and insufficient and poorly maintained infrastructure operates as a significant barrier to socio-economic stability and mobility. We also find that urban settlement results in increased debt among residents in Airport Neighborhood, and that youth unemployment is a significant issue that did not improve for recent migrants to the neighborhood despite young people citing employment as a key motivating factor for migration. Our empirical work highlights the theoretical complexity of informality, as subgroups of people face varying challenges that correlate with their age, gender, and time spent in a particular informal settlement.
... Informal settlements have several characteristics. They usually occupy leftover land, the ambiguity of land tenure, designed and constructed individual, and using temporary material [11,13,14]. These characteristics consistent with Kampung Bandan, which located on the edge of railway thus confirm its informality status. ...
... Religious tourism may be beneficial economically for the community, but physically it only benefits adjacent house. The other part of Kampung Bandan still maintains the physical characteristics of Kampung, as stated before, by using temporary material [11,13,14]. ...
Al Mukarromah Mosque in Kampung Bandan, North Jakarta, Indonesia, is a religious tourism destination. The Mosque housed tombs of Islamic propagators, Habib Mohammad Bin Umar Al-Qudsi, Habib Ali Bin Abdurrahman Ba’alawi, and Habib Abdurrahman bin Alwi As-Syatiri. Pilgrims come to the Mosque to pray, due to its history. Tourism activity causes physical changes in the building of the mosque and the houses around it. Since the surrounding settlement is high-density, the changes in settlement need to be watched to ensure the sustainability of Al Mukarromah Mosque and the settlement. This article aims to observe the physical changes in housing as a result of the existence of the Al Mukarromah Mosque, which developed due to tourism activities. Data collection was carried out through interviews and literature studies. Data collected then translated into house plans before and after transformation. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive interpretative methods. Three aspects to analyse are building area, function, and material. The results show that only adjacent houses to Al Mukarromah Mosque benefit directly from religious tourism. Other parts of Kampung Bandan still maintain the characteristics of kampung or high-density settlement. Kampung Bandan lacks the necessary facilities such as public space to support religious tourism.
... Today, Jakarta faces many environmental challenges related to urban sprawl, slum growth, waste disposal, groundwater pollution, and freshwater shortages (Meilasari-Sugiana, Sari, & Anggraini, 2018). The rapid population growth has led to a variation in supply and demand within the housing market (Alzamil, 2017). The scarcity of land within city limits makes land and housing prices expensive for low-income families (Prayitno, 2005). ...
This chapter focus on the challenges of housing the urban poor in Jakarta as one of the largest capitals in developing countries. The chapter discusses urbanization and population growth issues in Jakarta as a city that has undergone economic transformations during the past decades. Slums, or locally known as ‘Kampung’ emerged as a result of the failure of government housing policies to meet the demand of the urban poor. The acquisition of housing units exceeded the economic capacity of the family. Moreover, local housing policies have not provided any housing alternatives that are able to meet the increasing demand. Kampungs are human settlements constructed with the self-efforts of residents to overcome the challenges of access to housing for the urban poor. Descriptive analysis focused on the method of investigation, observation and field visit of the four kampung in North Jakarta. Moreover, local and survey data were compared with reports of international organizations such as UN-Habitat or the World Bank to describe kampung characteristics in Jakarta. (30) interviews were conducted with families residing in kampung to identify the most prominent challenges in living in these environments. In conclusion, the chapter presents policy proposals to address the challenges of housing the urban poor and upgrading the kampung urban environment based on local sources and self-efforts.
... Rapid urbanization and population growth are the main factors leading to the emergence of informal settlements in Indonesia [1]. A total of 54% of the Indonesian population lives in urban areas [2]. ...
Clean water is essential for humans, regardless of their social and economic conditions. Meanwhile, an urban kampung is typically a densely populated area in the city and consists of low-income households that cannot afford the safe water provided by formal water providers. Due to this constraint, the urban kampung of Bandung City, Indonesia has developed alternative sources of water using either deep wells or shallow dug wells. This research focuses on understanding the typology of the water supply system in this area and analysing water usage. Information regarding the current situation was obtained from field surveys, water quality tests, interviews with local stakeholders, and from questionnaires supplied to domestic respondents. The findings show that a total of 52% of the residents use communal wells or individual wells as their main water source, and the majority of the residents claim that they were satisfied with the present water supply system. However, some wells were contaminated by bacteria due to lack of water treatment systems. The data on existing usage patterns is needed as basic information to assist in the design of an improved water supply system.
... Although they are not expecting to work in the formal sector such as factories, but rather to work in informal sector such as construction workers, drivers, street vendors, and house helpers (maid). 1980, 1990, 2000(Source: modified from Alzamil 2017 Rapid urbanisation coupled by the population growth is the main reason for the emergence of informal settlements or slum area in Jakarta (Alzamil 2017). Due to urbanisation process of migrants who are coming from outside Jakarta with low income condition or even joblessyet they need place to live and to earn moneythey start to live on some empty land areas such as riverbanks, waterways, reservoirs and along railways ( Figure 2). ...
This article is part of the final assignment of the Topics in Environment and Society (ENVS8048) research course. This research explore the impact of heat stress calculated by discomfort index to Jakarta area with special case study in Jakarta Slum Area.
... The violent monsoons made over 300,000 people homeless. Rapid urbanization and population growth is the main reason for the emergence of informal settlements in Jakarta (Alzamil, 2017). First and foremost, the floods hit the poor who build their huts on the fallow land along the rivers and canals. ...
To secure water resources and achieve their continuous flow in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe is a highly challenging task
because one is dealing with the “Management of Scarcity” threatened by droughts, climate changes, population growth, water
quality deterioration, trans-boundary water bodies and social and political detriments. Therefore, solutions must be innovative,
very strict and governed by laws and regulations applied equally to all stakeholders. Jordan, in addition to having characteristics
of arid and semi-arid countries, since 1948, it has been affected by very strong refugee waves from Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq
and Syria among others and hence its water situation has been throughout very critical. But, sound strict laws and by laws and
implementation of adequate water security programs allowed the country to survive and to control its very scarce water resources
in an exemplary way that can be applied also elsewhere. In the current work the water security issues in Jordan are addressed and
the programs, action plans and measures to achieve water security are discussed.
... This marked a change in the path dependence course of transport development as highways were built to connect suburban enclaves. From 1980 to 1990, Jakarta's urban area doubled [58,59] as a product of an outward urban expansion. Transport-land use policies during this period introduced high dependency on private vehicles, since public transport development was stagnant [60] and pedestrian facilities were neglected [1]. ...
Despite numerous studies suggesting a path-dependent relationship between transport-land use policies and urban structures, particularly on the emergence of car-oriented development, this connection has rarely been explained with spatial evidence. To address this gap, this paper investigated the historical and spatial urban transformation of Greater Jakarta from three different time periods to understand today's extensive use of and dependence on private vehicles. This study applied a multi-method approach of (1) historical literature review, (2) computational analysis of the street network using space syntax, and (3) visual analysis of video recordings to allow for a comprehensive insight into the socio-spatial aspects of urbanization as a path-dependent course. The findings indicate that Jakarta's pedestrian network has been diminishing over time against the well-connected vehicular network. Furthermore, the remaining potential for walking cannot be actualized due to walking inconveniences at the street level. This suggests mobility inequality, since access to citywide urban functions is highly dependent on the access to private vehicles. It also provides spatial evidence that previous policies have had a long-term impact on socio-spatial structures. This paper contributes not only scientific reference for transport and mobility studies in the Southeast Asia region, but also a practical reference for urban planners and policy-makers on how to achieve sustainable development goals and to provide equal access for all.
... The violent monsoons made over 300,000 people homeless. Rapid urbanization and population growth is the main reason for the emergence of informal settlements in Jakarta (Alzamil, 2017). First and foremost, the floods hit the poor who build their huts on the fallow land along the rivers and canals. ...
To secure water resources and achieve their continuous flow in arid and semi-arid areas of the globe is a highly challenging task
because one is dealing with the “Management of Scarcity” threatened by droughts, climate changes, population growth, water
quality deterioration, trans-boundary water bodies and social and political detriments. Therefore, solutions must be innovative,
very strict and governed by laws and regulations applied equally to all stakeholders. Jordan, in addition to having characteristics
of arid and semi-arid countries, since 1948, it has been affected by very strong refugee waves from Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq
and Syria among others and hence its water situation has been throughout very critical. But, sound strict laws and by laws and
implementation of adequate water security programs allowed the country to survive and to control its very scarce water resources
in an exemplary way that can be applied also elsewhere. In the current work the water security issues in Jordan are addressed and
the programs, action plans and measures to achieve water security are discussed.
... In the following three decades, Jakarta expanded in west, east, and south directions (Alzamil, 2017) doubling in size between 1980 to 1990 (Maru & Ahmad, 2015). This was related to the growing economy in real estate and road construction that opened the way to the establishment of large estate enclaves in peripheral areas and road construction to connect those enclaves (Ford, 1993;Leaf, 1996). ...
Walking in Jakarta, Indonesia, is often regarded as inconvenient, unsafe, and associated with limited mobility and accessibility. These attributes are the manifestation of Jakarta's socio-spatial structures over time (path dependence) of spatial development events in the past, which considered walking as less important in comparison to vehicular movement. In this paper, we explore Jakarta's trajectory by analysing and interpreting the results of mathematical street network models using space syntax at a metropolitan scale for three discrete time steps (1940, 1959, 2018). We juxtapose the computational analysis with Jakarta's history of urban development and selected transport data. Our findings indicate that vehicular dominance (i.e. car-oriented development) has been inadvertently imposed in Jakarta's socio-spatial structure over time. This structure highly penalises those without access to private motorised vehicles, thus entrenching the existing socioeconomic inequalities; especially for the potentially marginalised groups (e.g. urban poor, immigrants, those with disability, elderly, children). For them, this structure influences the accessibility to key functions such as schools and health care services. In light of sustainable urban mobility and the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs), our findings highlight the influence that socio-spatial structures have on transport mobility practice. Moreover, our results provide insights for understanding and addressing mobility inequality. We further link our results to current planning policies in Jakarta. This application of space syntax contributes to urban strategic and transport planning by emphasising the need to change the conventional urban planning practices, which heavily prioritises road infrastructures while neglecting the socio-spatial structure and intertwined land use of the city.
