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The spread of grapevine leafroll-associated virus during fi ve growing seasons in a commercial vineyard in south-central Chile. A: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 1, B: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 2, C: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 3, D: Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 1, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 2 and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus – 3. Dark plants represent infected plants.
Source publication
A vineyard in south-central Chile was surveyed during five growing seasons to analyze the increase over time in the number of plants infected with Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1, -2 and -3. At the end of the study, GLRaV-3 was found to be the most prevalent virus, with 46% of plants infected by this pathogen. GLRaV-2 infected 13% of plants,...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... summary of the results obtained from the serological analysis and RT-PCR assays for the GLRaV-1, -2, -3 viruses is presented in Figure 1. The numbers of positive samples for all three viruses analyzed increased over the five seasons. ...
Context 2
... prevalences of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-2 changed in a similar (Figure 1) manner, starting with low prevalences during the first season. The prevalences increased quickly during the first season and then increased at slower rates. ...
Context 3
... number of infected plants stabilized during the last two seasons. The change in the prevalence of GLRaV-3 was similar, as shown in Figure 1; however, the number of infected plants detected was higher for each successive growing season. ...
Context 4
... patterns of the spread for these three viruses were predominantly along the rows. The pattern was especially clear for GLRaV-2 and 3, as shown in Figure 1. In the case of GLRaV-1, a clear pattern could not be identified for the spread of the infection over time due to the small number of infected plants detected and their location. ...
Context 5
... results may indicate that these viruses move from infected to healthy plants through natural root grafting or are carried by mealybugs. Serological and molecular analysis also detected mixed infections, as shown in Figure 1. During the last growing season in this study, 9% of the plants were infected with GLRaV-2 and 3, 3.4% were infected with GLRaV-1 and 2, and 1% were infected with GLRaV-1 and 3. Simultaneous infection by all three viruses was found in 2% of the plants. ...
Citations
... Existen otros trabajos publicados en relación a la prevalencia de los virus que afectan el cultivo de la vid pero limitados a un menor número de plantas, o bien, a grupos de virus en particular. Así, Mujica et al., (2013) encontraron que en prospecciones de tres virus asociados a GLRV en uva para vino, los porcentajes de infección fueron de un 13% para GLRV-1, 14% para GLRV-2 y 40% para GLRV-3. Mientras que Sánchez y Hepp (1994) reportaron que en un total de 151 muestras, las infecciones virosas determinadas fueron de 14,6% para ArMV, 13,9% para ToRSV y 11,3% para RRSV en la Región del Maule. ...
... Las especies de chanchitos blancos (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) que se presentan comúnmente en la vid en Chile son P. Viburni (Signoret) y P. Longispinus (Tag-Tozz), aunque se ha detectado P. citri y P. ficus (Ripa y Rodriguez, 1999). Todas estas especies están de una u otra forma involucradas en la transmisión de alguno de los virus asociados a GLRaV (Mujica et al., 2013;Rayapati y O'Neal, 2011). Una vez que los focos de infestación se establecen en el parronal, los insectos inician su etapa de dispersión, a no ser que sean controlados, ya sea por medios químicos o biológicos. ...
... de una misma hilera.Mujica et al., (2013) comprobaron un incremento de 14% a 67% de plantas infectadas con GLRV después de cuatro temporadas de estudio. Según los autores, tal aumento, ante la ausencia de vectores, sólo pudo ser explicado por transmisión a través de injertos naturales de raíces. Los mismos autores describen que el incremento de plantas enfermas ocurrió sobre la ...
