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Designing and developing location-aware portable software applications is challenging, since most location-estimation methods i) require non-standard features either in the mobile terminal or in the network infrastructure, and ii) they are specifically designed for either indoor or outdoor. Moreover, installing and tuning systems that rely on such...
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Context 1
... location system is designed to support JSR-179 compliant applications. More specifically, it produces Location Objects as defined in the JSR-179. The system has been implemented by using existing location methods, namely the satellite based GPS, and the Bluetooth Local Positioning [11] short-range method. As Figure 3 shows, the Positioning System comprises the Indoor Location System , the Outdoor Location System, and the Location API, which are briefly described in the ...
Context 2
... Application Server represents the context aware end-application; this component exploits the Topology Server to retrieve the maps of the campus and the User Server to retrieve information about users’ location. The client side architecture, as depicted in Figure 3, is composed of three main components, namely the Communication Agent , the Discovery Agent, and the Location Agent . The Discovery Agent is used for the indoor scenario. It is in charge of downloading the topology map of the building in which the mobile device is entering. The user may choose to download updates of the map or use the one previously saved in the device’s memory. The Communication Agent is used to deliver the location information to the User Server . The Location Agent is the component which determines the user position in indoor and outdoor ...
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Citations
... Di Flora et al. [31] proposed an architecture for hybrid (indoor/outdoor) localization, that is independent to the location technology. Such architecture was designed not only to ensure compliance with upcoming standards and commercial devices/applications, but also to enable the interoperability with third-party services. ...
The technological solutions and communication capabilities offered by the Internet of Things paradigm, in terms of raising availability of wearable devices, the ubiquitous inter-net connection, and the presence on the market of service-oriented solutions, have allowed a wide proposal of Location Based Services (LBS). In a close future, we foresee that companies and service providers will have developed reliable solutions to address indoor positioning , as basis for useful location based services. These solutions will be different from each other and they will adopt different hardware and processing techniques. This paper describes the proposal of a unified approach for Indoor Localization Systems that enables the cooperation between heterogeneous solutions and their functional modules. To this end, we designed an integrated architecture that, abstracting its main components, allows a seamless interaction among them. Finally, we present a working prototype of such architecture , which is based on the popular Telegram application for Android, as an integration demonstrator. The integration of the three main phases-namely the discovery phase, the User Agent self-configuration, and the indoor map retrieval/rendering-demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed integrated architecture.
... Included in the API is a storage interface for landmarks (see Section 2.1.2). The specification represents locations as timestamped coordinates with an orientation, accuracy, speed and information about the used positioning method [12]. When requesting a location, criteria such as the desired accuracy, power consumption and response timeout can be provided. ...
... However, every node has the ability to fetch or insert new data into available services. This persistence allows for the storage of landmark objects, similar to the JSR-179 specification [12]. At the same time, these services can be used as an interface to fetch the latest position without requiring a specific implementation in the sink. ...
... 9 // Feedback loop 10 .addShape(GraphBuilder.create() 11 .from("merged") 12 .debounce(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECOND) 13 // Clone the frame and update timestamp 14 // (needed to process velocity) 15 .clone ...
Positioning systems and frameworks use various techniques to determine the position of an object. Some of the existing solutions combine different sensory data at the time of positioning in order to compute more accurate positions by reducing the error introduced by the used individual positioning techniques. We present OpenHPS, a generic hybrid positioning system implemented in TypeScript, that can not only reduce the error during tracking by fusing different sensory data based on different algorithms, but also also make use of combined tracking techniques when calibrating or training the system. In addition to a detailed discussion of the architecture, features and implementation of the extensible open source OpenHPS framework, we illustrate the use of our solution in a demonstrator application fusing different positioning techniques. While OpenHPS offers a number of positioning techniques, future extensions might integrate new positioning methods or algorithms and support additional levels of abstraction including symbolic locations.
... Included in the API is a storage interface for landmarks (see Section 2.1.2). The specification represents locations as timestamped coordinates with an orientation, accuracy, speed and information about the used positioning method [12]. When requesting a location, criteria such as the desired accuracy, power consumption and response timeout can be provided. ...
... However, every node has the ability to fetch or insert new data into available services. This persistence allows for the storage of landmark objects, similar to the JSR-179 specification [12]. At the same time, these services can be used as an interface to fetch the latest position without requiring a specific implementation in the sink. ...
... 9 // Feedback loop 10 .addShape(GraphBuilder.create() 11 .from("merged") 12 .debounce(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECOND) 13 // Clone the frame and update timestamp 14 // (needed to process velocity) 15 .clone ...
Positioning systems and frameworks use various techniques to determine the position of an object. Some of the existing solutions combine different sensory data at the time of positioning in order to compute more accurate positions by reducing the error introduced by the used individual positioning techniques. We present OpenHPS, a generic hybrid positioning system implemented in TypeScript, that can not only reduce the error during tracking by fusing different sensory data based on different algorithms, but also also make use of combined tracking techniques when calibrating or training the system. In addition to a detailed discussion of the architecture, features and implementation of the extensible open source OpenHPS framework, we illustrate the use of our solution in a demonstrator application fusing different positioning techniques. While OpenHPS offers a number of positioning techniques, future extensions might integrate new positioning methods or algorithms and support additional levels of abstraction including symbolic locations.
... In the future applications of wireless communication network, the accurate and less computational, and reliable real time estimation of the location of sensor node and location-based services are essential [1,2]. At present the WSN are employed for variety of applications including monitoring of natural resources and environment, object tracking, and others. ...
Node localization is an important problem considered among the researchers in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The WSN is formed by a group of sensor nodes having limited energy and other resources that transfers data among each other or to a base station in an ad-hoc fashion. The estimation of the geo location (co-ordinates in the two-dimensional space) of the sensor nodes is essential for ensuring the QoS within the network. The different applications of WSN require varied level of accuracy in the estimation of the location of the sensor nodes. Different localization schemes are adopted in the literature for better estimation of the node location and each of them has both merits and demerits. This paper focuses on analyzing the different node localization mechanism used in the WSN and to identify various issues and challenges in the estimation of the node location. This paper also proposes an optimal approach with less computational effort and high accuracy in prediction based on trilateration algorithm and the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) values extracted from the target nodes antennas. The network is segmented in to different blocks of unequal size and the block number in which the node is present will be identified using the naive bayes classifier.
... In the future generation of communications networks, real-time localization and position-based services are required that are accurate, low cost, energy efficient and reliable [1,2]. Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be applied in many applications, such as natural resources investigation, targets tracking, unapproachable places monitoring and so forth. ...
... Also, range free localization algorithms are categorized based on the deployment scenarios. The categorization has been divided into four groups: (1) static sensor nodes and static anchor nodes [34,35]; (2) static sensor nodes and mobile anchor nodes [36,37]; (3) mobile sensor nodes and static anchor nodes [38,39]; and (4) mobile sensor nodes and mobile anchor nodes [40,41]. ...
Localization is an important aspect in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that has developed significant research interest among academia and research community. Wireless sensor network is formed by a large number of tiny, low energy, limited processing capability and low-cost sensors that communicate with each other in ad-hoc fashion. The task of determining physical coordinates of sensor nodes in WSNs is known as localization or positioning and is a key factor in today’s communication systems to estimate the place of origin of events. As the requirement of the positioning accuracy for different applications varies, different localization methods are used in different applications and there are several challenges in some special scenarios such as forest fire detection. In this paper, we survey different measurement techniques and strategies for range based and range free localization with an emphasis on the latter. Further, we discuss different localization-based applications, where the estimation of the location information is crucial. Finally, a comprehensive discussion of the challenges such as accuracy, cost, complexity, and scalability are given.
... This architecture was based upon client side mechanism and zoning location sensing method. It is in accordance to JSR-179 provisions [16]. The information about the location is kept on the mobile for personal usage. ...
This paper examines the benefits and drawbacks of these services, reviewing differences in infrastructure, power requirements, sensing devices, and other factors. Technologies covered include Radio Frequency Identification, GSM, GPS, AGPS, Smart Antennas, Distributed Antenna Systems, Localization by Cell-ID, Localization by Prediction (Dead Reckoning method), Angle of Arrival (AOA), Localization by Finger Printing, Localization by Time of Arrival (TOA), Localization by Observed Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA),
and Hybrid Localization-based AOA-TOA.
... Users can "check in" their current "venue" and share it to friends. However, GPS based localization technology cannot recognize people's indoor position precisely, so we need indoor information systems to improve the user experience in SNS [4,5]. ...
With the rapid development of Internet of things (IOT) and indoor positioning technologies such as Wi-Fi and RFID, indoor mobile information systems have become a new research hotspot. Based on the unique features of indoor space and urgent needs on indoor mobile applications, in this paper we analyze some key issues in indoor mobile information systems, including positioning technologies in indoor environments, representation models for indoor spaces, query processing techniques for indoor moving objects, and index structures for indoor mobile applications. Then, we present an indoor mobile information management system named IndoorDB. Finally, we give some future research topics about indoor mobile information systems.
... Ozsoy and Tekin 2013]; [M. Petovello 2009] signal attenuation GPS repeaters Bluetooth Technology 2 -5 Medium Performance is affected Medium Requires [Di Flora et al. 2005], [Baniukevic et al. 2011], by the obstacles bluetooth tags, [Jevring et al. 2008], [Anastasi et al. 2003], location server [Vandikas et al. 2007], [Wang et al. 2013], [Bargh and de Groote 2008] Zigbee Technology 3 -5 Low Susceptible to Low Requires Zigbee [Hu et al. 2011], [Fernandez et al. 2011] interference module Earth's Magnetic Field Technology <1 Medium Performance is affected Medium Requires [Chung et al. 2011] by metallic objects magnetic compass Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Technology 0.1 -0.3 Medium Susceptible to multi-path High Requires UWB [Gholami et al. 2010], and interference from wave generator [Ingram et al. 2004], [Waldmann et al. 2012] reflected UWB signals and receivers Ultrasound Technology 0.1 -1 Medium Performance is affected High Requires [Holm 2012] by other reflected waves ultrasound emitters Audible sound Technology 0.4 Low Influenced by sound noise Low Requires [Peng et al. 2007], [Priyantha et al. 2000], in the surroundings acoustic [Mandal et al. 2005] sensors Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 1 -2 Medium Accuracy depends on Low Requires Technology [Werb and Lanzl 1998], number and type of tags RFID tags [Saad and Nakad 2011], and receivers [Schoenegger et al. 2008] Infrared LED lights Technology 0.1 Low Required number of Low Requires [Hijikata et al. 2009], [Want et al. 1992], LEDs is at least IR LEDs [Vegni and Biagi 2012] half the number of unknown parameters Visible LED Lights Technology 0.01 -0.35 Low Restriction on the Low Uses existing [Zhou et al. 2012], [Vongkulbhisal et al. 2012], number of LEDs LED lighting 2012;, (minimum 3 in most infrastructure 2013], [Hann et al. 2010], cases for 3D , [Won et al. 2013], localization) [Zhang and Kavehrad 2012], 2013, 2012, [Prince and Little 2012], [Nadeem et al. 2014], [Rahman et al. 2011b;2011a], [Zheng et al. 2011], [Yoshino et al. 2008], [Tanaka and Haruyama 2009], [Taparugssanagorn et al. 2013], [Panta and Armstrong 2012], [Do et al. 2013] earth's magnetic field, ultrasound signals, etc. ...
... Unfortunately, indoor positioning error is never less than outdoor positioning error, which is several meters. Bluetooth [Di Flora et al. 2005;Baniukevic et al. 2011;Vandikas et al. 2007;Wang et al. 2013;Anastasi et al. 2003] and Zigbee [Hu et al. 2011;Fernandez et al. 2011] based designs have also been developed but they require additional infrastructure and cannot provide a low positioning error. The earth's magnetic field [Chung et al. 2011], Ultra Wide Band (UWB) [Gholami et al. 2010;Ingram et al. 2004;Waldmann et al. 2012] and ultrasound [Holm 2012] technologies can be used to develop highly accurate IPS designs. ...
Visible light LEDs, due to their numerous advantages are expected to become the dominant indoor lighting technology. These lights can also be switched ON/OFF at high frequency, enabling their additional use for wireless communication and indoor positioning. In this paper, visible LED lights based Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) are surveyed and classified into two broad categories based on the receiver structure. The basic principle and architecture of each design category along with various position computation algorithms are discussed and compared. Finally several new research, implementation, commercialization and standardization challenges are identified and highlighted for this relatively novel and interesting indoor localization technology.
... R ELIABLE, accurate and real-time indoor positioning services and protocols are required in the future generation of communication networks [1]. A positioning system enables a mobile device available for positioning-based services such as tracking, navigation or monitoring. ...
Indoor localization applications that involve Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSNs) identify the target position by
measuring the Received Signal Strength (RSS), the Time of
Arrival (ToA), the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) or the
Angle of Arrival (AoA). Of these, the most promising for lowcost
applications are those based on measures of the RSS,
which exploit the relationship between RSS and the distance, or
more reliably the relation between the multi-path interference
(shadowing) and the position of the target. These methods
work with WSNs based on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee sensor
technologies.
In this paper we concentrate on device-free RSS-based indoor
localization methods. These methods, which have generated much
research interest in the last few years, are now starting to
hit the market. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to
assess the performance improvements of a Variance-based Radio
Tomographic Imaging technique, when scanning various radio
channels with respect to using only one, the latter being the
“minimum introduced interference” option.
Moreover, in this paper we will discuss in which application
scenario the multi-channel scanning technique is usable and
appropriate. The experimental data used for target localization
are captured by wireless sensors deployed in the localization area
and the localization error metrics include the mean square error
and percentiles of the error distribution. Specifically, we aim to
study the localization error reduction obtained by using multiple
ZigBee channels, with respect to using a single channel.
... RFID is used for identifying of goods in warehouse, books in library, for controlling of personal access in buildings, for supporting the problems in supply chain of things, and other purposes [2]. An emerging application of RFID is positioning of objects, especially mobile robots [3], [4], [5] and communication networks [6], [7], [8]. For indoor propagation problem, RFID based positioning systems are preferred than the GPS based counterpart [9], due to the shadowing problem of the satellite signals, which leads to intolerable results. ...
