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![The six-stroke engine cycle [4]](publication/336977212/figure/fig1/AS:820599823806465@1572657652530/The-six-stroke-engine-cycle-4.png)
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![Fig. 1. The six-stroke engine cycle [4]](publication/336977212/figure/fig1/AS:820599823806465@1572657652530/The-six-stroke-engine-cycle-4_Q320.jpg)
In the study AVL BOOST™ is used to perform a thermodynamic simulation of a six-stroke engine, being built by a research team based in Saudi Arabia. The six-stroke cycle consists of a standard four-stroke Otto Cycle followed by a heat recovering steam expansion cycle. Water is injected into the hot combustion chamber towards the end of the Otto expa...
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Context 1
... or water) is injected into the cylinder towards the end of exhaust stroke of the four-stroke engine. As a result, during the fifth stroke the pressure in the cylinder is increased and forces the piston back down to perform second power stroke. The vapour then leaves the cylinder during the sixth stroke [7]. The whole cycle is best illustrated in Fig. 1 [4]. The exhaust heat loss is converted into useful energy. As a result, more power is produced per cycle. Therefore, the engine efficiency increases, which mean that for the same amount of power, six-stroke engine need less fuel. It can be said that six-stroke engine consumes less fuel that four-stroke ...
Context 2
... fact, the NOx emissions can be reduced by up to 95% depending on the amount of water and equivalence ratio [10]. Figure 10 illustrates the predicted Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from four-stroke and six-stroke engine. Due to the decrease of in-cylinder temperature in the six-stroke engine, the HC emission is increased by approximately 85%. ...
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Citations
... The concept of the six-stroke engine dates back to the nineteenth century, with the development of the Griffin sixstroke engine by Samuel Griffin in 1883 (Nimsiriwangso et al. 2019). This engine is based on the four-stroke engine, where the waste heat from the exhaust stroke in the fourstroke design is captured and used to make two additional strokes (Conklin and Szybist 2010). ...
... Subsequently, other six-stroke engine designs were explored, such as Dyer, Bajulaz, Velozeta, NIYKADO, Crower, and various two-piston designs (Gupta et al. 2018;Nimsiriwangso et al. 2019). These designs aimed to improve fuel consumption, increase power output, reduce pollution, and offer fuel versatility. ...
... These advancements paved the way for further research on the thermodynamics of these engines. Multiple studies have demonstrated the advantages of a six-stroke engine over traditional four-stroke internal combustion engines (Conklin and Szybist 2010;Chen et al. 2015;Koksharov 2015;Arabaci and Kilic 2018;Nimsiriwangso et al. 2019;Selvakumar 2021). ...
Internal combustion engines have played a crucial role in the advancement of society. Consequently, there has been a persistent need to enhance their efficiency and performance. The water-injected six-stroke engine is based on conventional four-stroke engines, producing additional power by injecting water into the hot combustion products during the expansion stroke, thereby increasing the overall engine efficiency. However, a comprehensive review that consolidates existing knowledge and identifies future research opportunities in six-stroke engine technology is lacking. This study addresses this gap by thoroughly examining the thermodynamic operation of six-stroke engines and analyzing the impact of water injection on engine performance. The review covers literature from 1994 to 2023, categorizing studies based on the modeling approach, working fluid, thermodynamic cycle, and consideration of heat transfer. Among the 18 analyzed articles, predominantly published from 2015 to 2019, half utilize analytical models, while the rest employ experimental models addressing heat transfer losses. Notably, water injection exhibits a substantial influence, manifesting as a 5.18% increase in brake power and a 1.55% enhancement in thermal efficiency, particularly with acetylene as the working fluid. Finally, a literature overview of water injection in hot gas environments within the engine cylinder was conducted in addition to a preliminary thermodynamic analysis of the Otto and Diesel cycles to compare different configurations outlined in the literature. The lack of studies, experimental setups, and non-idealized models that consider factors such as heat transfer or water evaporation during injection is evident. By critically synthesizing the available literature, this study offers valuable insights into the potential advantages, limitations, and prospects of six-stroke engine studies.
... Studies on six-stroke engines are majorly focused on exhaust heat recovery which applies the principle of achieving additional work in the cycle through evaporating noncombustible liquids such as water, in the cylinder using exhaust gases (Arabaci, 2012). Nimsiriwangso et al. (2019) performed a thermodynamic modelling and simulation of Robin EY28D, which is a single cylinder, four-stroke, gasoline engine. The engine was modelled and converted into six-stroke engine in AVL BOOST. ...
This study presents a four stroke and six-stroke comparative analysis of Internal Combustion (IC) Renault engine (Mercedes-Benz 250SE, W108 model) efficiency using MATLAB 2018b simulation tool. Using air (working fluid) as charge introduced in the four-stroke engine, efficiency of 36.6% was achieved. However, using air as the charge introduced with a recompression stroke occurring at the fourth stroke, efficiency of 43.2% was obtained. Using air as the charge introduced with an exhaust stroke occurring at the fourth stroke, efficiency of 48.4% was obtained. Using water as the charge introduced with a recompression stroke occurring at the fourth stroke, efficiency of 44.6% was obtained. Using water as the charge introduced with an exhaust stroke occurring at the fourth stroke, efficiency of 51.5% was obtained. The results indicated that six-stroke engine has a higher efficiency than four stroke IC engine when air is used as working fluid while the efficiency of six stroke IC engine is higher when water is used as working fluid compared to when air is used.
... The introduction of the Rankine cycle in the cylinder has proved to increase the efficiency and indicated power of the cycle. Nimsiriwangso et al. [26] modeled and simulated a six-stroke engine with liquid injection technology. He modified parameters like the valve timing, combustion duration, and speed engine to achieve the optimum condition for maximum efficiency and minimum exhaust emission. ...
The requirement for the advancement of internal combustion (IC) engines and enhance methods for the combustion cycle is increasing day by day. The four-stroke combustion engine is extensively used due to better fuel economy and less exhaust smoke. However, the major drawback includes a considerable amount of extra heat energy generation that directly adds up to waste energy. In order to overcome the limitation, the idea of computing two extra strokes in the four-stroke engine to utilize the waste energy has been introduced. The six-stroke engine has significantly improved the fuel working ratio per cycle. Incorporating alternative fuels like hydrogen and HHO into six-stroke technology increases efficiency and minimizes exhaust emissions. A six-stroke engine could be the solution for making hybrid automobile technology more convenient. The review article aims to thoroughly understand the underlying principles behind the improved efficiency of a six-stroke cylinder engine. The researches on the six-stroke cylinder engine are summarized in the literature review. The design configuration of alternative fuels is discussed towards the end of the paper.
The Six-Stroke cycle consists of a standard four-stroke Otto Cycle followed by a heat recovering and expansion cycle. Therefore, this processing power uses heat and increases the engine's overall efficiency. To recover the waste heat, various methods are being adopted, and significant modifications to the conventional internal combustion engine must be done. In this paper, the improvement of the Six-Stroke engine performance is observed by varying the working fuel used in the Six-Stroke. The limitation of the Six-Stroke is described, and an idea for the alternative six-stroke cycle is to increase the amount of heat recovered. The performance of the six-stroke engine is observed with Petrol, Methanol, Ethanol, and Propane fuels with required thermodynamic analysis. To know the amount of percentage of waste energy, additional strokes are recorded and thermal efficiency calculated. For the Six-stroke, the general design of the piston is noticed and simulated. It is concluded that Methanol and Ethanol had the most significant feature for the Six-Stroke engine
