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The site of lichen collection: A, The location map of the collection site; B, Morinda lake habitat; C, Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. (LWG) habitus, (Scale = 2 cm).
Source publication
Silver nanoparticles synthesized using plant metabolites provide an edge over chemically synthesized compounds due to their comparatively efficient antimicrobial activity. In the present study, AgNPs was prepared by bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO 3) using the aqueous extract of Cladonia rangiferina collected ≥3500 m in Uttarkashi district of...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... lichen was collected adjacent to Morinda lake (N 31º 09′57.5″ E 80º 25′39.48″) from the average elevation of 3798 m in Govind wildlife sanctuary situated in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand in western Himalaya (Fig. 1). The compound lichens found growing on soil over flat rock bed were collected for the experiment. The terricolous lichen was collected in paper bags in field with frequent air drying during the transit from field to laboratory. The lichen sample was air-dried and curated according to standard procedure (Rai et al. 2014a). The lichen ...
Citations
... They reported on growth of Ni 2 + doped PVA capped CdTe NPs with cubic phase and grain size around 9 nm as confirmed by XRD, While they showed by SEM micrographs that irregular shaped sphere structures.In 2017, Sakthisabarimoorthi, A., et al.[50] Researchers analyzed Cu@Ag core-shell NPs with closed and open aperture z-scan curves and found that the nonlinear optical properties are strongly influenced by the Cu@Ag composition and core-shell nature of the particles. Cu@Ag NPs may be used in various photonics-based device applications, including optical switching, limiting, and Qswitching, due to their improved nonlinear index of refraction and nonlinear absorption (strong nonlinearity).In 2019, Q. H. Qayyum et al.[51]Nanosecond pulsed laser ablation was used to create physically pure colloidal solutions of silver and gold nanoparticles. UV-VIS spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine the nanoparticles.Compared to Ag nanoparticles, the results demonstrated that Au nanoparticles generate significantly larger spectrum enhancement from both glass and copper targets.In 2019, Bharati, et al.[52] Ag and Cu NPs were separately generated by laserablationof an Ag/Cu target submerged in distilled water. ...
nano-polymer composite, preparation by laser ablation & nonlinear optical studied as well as some try application
... 106 The noted activity of all fungal-based NPs against K. pneumoniae might be due to the structure of cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. 107 Regarding MIC and MBC, a recent study by Lotfy et al 94 reported a similar kind of observations when they studied NPs mediated by Aspergillus terreus against twelve bacteria, where P. aeruginosa and S. faecalis showed the highest susceptibility. Similar research by Sathiyaraj et al 92 revealed that AgNPs prepared by Vallarai chooranam showed a high zone of inhibition against E. coli and low one against Bacillus subtilis. ...
Introduction and Objectives
Biogenic agents in nanoparticles fabrication are gaining great interest due to their lower possible negative environmental impacts. The present study aimed to isolate fungal strains from deserts in Saudi Arabia and assess their ability in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabrication and evaluate their antibacterial effect.
Methods
Soil fungi were identified using 18s rDNA, and their ability in NPs fabrication was assessed as extracellular synthesis, then UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used for AgNPs characterization. The antibacterial activity of fungal-based NPs was assessed against one Gram-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and three Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Ultrastructural changes caused by fungal-based NPs on K. pneumoniae were investigated using TEM along with SDS-PAGE for protein profile patterns.
Results
The three fungal isolates were identified as Phoma sp. (MN995524), Chaetomium globosum (MN995493), and Chaetomium sp. (MN995550), and their filtrate reduced Ag ions into spherical P-AgNPs, G-AgNPs, and C-AgNPs, respectively. DLS data showed an average size between 12.26 and 70.24 nm, where EDX spectrums represent Ag at 3.0 keV peak. G-AgNPs displayed strong antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the ultrastructural changes caused by NPs were noted. Additionally, SDS-PAGE analysis of treated K. pneumoniae revealed fewer bands compared to control, which could be related to protein degradation.
Conclusion
Present findings have consequently developed an eco-friendly approach in NPs formation by environmentally isolated fungal strains to yield NPs as antibacterial agents.
... 43 Concerning the bacterial strains, Table 2 shows that the prepared extracts displayed a more impressive efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacterial strains. Our findings are in agreement with those of Rai et al. 44 but in contrast with the results of Alqahtani et al. 45 Indeed, the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is constructed with a thinner peptidoglycan layer that imparts easier penetration to the biosynthesized AgNPs. On the other hand, the MICs and MBCs of the extracts tested were between 0.15 to 0.62 and 0.31 to 1.25 mg/mL, respectively ( Table 3). ...
Lichens produce a myriad of bioactive compounds that can be exploited as reducing and capping agents in the green process of synthesizing nanoparticles. In this study, we exploit a simple, environmentally safe method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using, for the first time, aqueous extracts of three lichen species Lobaria pulmonaria, Ramalina farinacea and Evernia prunastri. The characterization assured that the three selected lichen species could be perfectly suitable as reducing agents to produce AgNPs. First, UV-vis spectrum confirmed the presence of metallic silver with a maximum absorbance at 425 nm. Second, FTIR analysis approved the chemical compounds involved in reduction. Third, the elemental composition of AgNPs was illustrated by EDX. Finally, SEM images displayed the size and shape of biosynthesized particles. The prepared extracts containing AgNPs showed great contents of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activities proved by three assays: DPPH, ferric reducing and chelating power. Moreover, since bacteria are developing resistance to many common antibiotics, AgNPs produced in an environmentally-safe method is an interesting replacement. The antibacterial assessment rivaled a more effective activity against gram-negative than gram-positive bacteria and a bactericidal effect against all tested strains. Besides, we represent in this study the pioneering evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by lichen-based silver nanoparticles. The three extracts exhibited strong enzyme inhibitions with IC50 values of 3.46 ± 0.09; 3.59 ± 0.02 and 4.34 ± 0.03 mg/mL for L. pulmonaria, R. farinacea and E. prunastri extracts, respectively. The represented green approach would encourage the non-toxic production of silver nanoparticles suggesting pharmaceutical applications.
... Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have several characteristics, including important thermal and electrical conductivities, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemical stability, and catalytic and biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor) [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Because the typical chemical and physical techniques used to produce nanoparticles involved hazardous wastes and/or high energy costs, the use of biological methods is an attractive alternative. ...
... Previous studies have reported that the development of brown coloration by prepared extracts indicates successful AgNP biosynthesis [10,22]. Three analytical methods were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. ...
The aim of the present study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Saudi Mentha pulegium leaves, to characterize the physicochemical properties of the resulting AgNPs, and to evaluate the biological activities of the resulting AgNP-containing extract. The formation of AgNPs in M. pulegium extract was indicated by a change in color following the addition of silver nitrate and was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy with a maximum absorbance at 425 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated that the anisotropic AgNPs were spherical, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral analysis indicated that the aqueous M. pulegium extracts were responsible for reducing Ag⁺ to Ag⁰. The secondary metabolite contents of the methanolic M. pulegium extract corresponded to 17 mg GAE/g DW. DPPH and ABT radical-scavenging assays indicated that the M. pulegium extracts possessed antioxidant activity (IC50=6 and 3 μg/mL, respectively). Disc and broth dilution assays revealed that the extracts exerted significant antibacterial activity, with the inhibition zone diameters and minimal inhibition concentrations of 17–24 mm and 0.08–0.62 mg/mL, respectively. These findings clearly indicate that modified plant extracts have high biological importance and potential use as preservatives in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
... [11] It has been recorded that lichen extracts, as well as algae, fungi and plants, play a successful role as reducing agents for the biosynthesis of NPs. According to literature, Usnea longissima, [12] Parmotrema tinctorum, [13] Parmotrema praesorediosum, Ramalina dumeticola, [14] and Cladonia rangiferina [15] extracts were used for Ag NP synthesis; Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides, Sticta nylanderiana, [16] and Parmelia sulcate [17] extracts were used for synthesis of Au NP; Ramalina sinensis extract were used for synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 NP. [18] In some studies conducted in recent years, it has been determined that bimetallic (metal-metal) nanocomposites (NCs) have more effective biological activity compared to metallic NPs. ...
First time in this study, neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of Pseudevernia furfuracea and Usnea florida lichen extracts based silver decorated zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag-ZnO NCs) were evaluated. The characteristic light absorption point of P. furfuracea and U. florida based Ag-ZnO NCs were observed at 339 nm and 361 nm; effective diameter was detected at 342 nm and 495 nm. According to SEM analysis, the diameter of P. furfuracea and U. florida extract based NCs were approximately 35 nm and 85 nm, respectively. When we examined the toxicity of SH-SY5Y against human neuroblastoma cells, it was observed that NCs have neurotoxic effects on a concentration of 100 μg/ml. In this study, it was predicted that P. furfuracea and U. florida extract based Ag-ZnO NCs could be used in cytotoxic studies by synthesizing them in a cheap, short time and with eco-friendly method.
... Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the mice paw edema method. 16 Male albino mice were classified into four groups of six animals, the untreated group receiving 1 mL of saline, one of the treated groups receiving 20 mg/kg of the reference drug (indomethacin) and the other two treated groups receiving 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively. After 1 hour, all animals were injected with 1% carrageenan solution in saline (0.1 mL) in the right hind paw and saline (0.1 mL) in the left hind paw. ...
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and
Cytotoxic Activity of Schinus terebinthifolia
Fruit and Isolation of a New
Immunomodulatory
Polyphenolic Compound
... The biological activities of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized by using lichen extracts are well experimented. These nanoparticles are found to be potential antimicrobial , quorum sensors (Singh et al. 2017a), antibacterial (Kumar et al. 2010;Rai and Gupta 2019) and antioxidant (Debnath et al. 2016). CSIR-NBRI has already developed antimicrobial nanoparticles from Usnea spp. ...
The lichens of India were initially studied by European lichenologists starting from the era of Carl Linnaeus. Although Indians started exploring lichens during the late twenties of last century, they were identified by Europeans. It is now (about seven decades) that D.D. Awasthi successfully established school of lichenology in India and laid a strong foundation for the subject in the country. Later, researchers at CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, played a crucial role in introducing various aspects of lichenology such as biomonitoring, biodeterioration and bioprospecting together with both classical and modern taxonomy. CSIR-NBRI, in close association with Indian Lichenological Society, is instrumental in popularizing lichenology in the country and today over 200 researchers are practising the subject all over the country. Agarkar Research Institute, Pune, and Botanical Survey of India are the other two major organizations that contributed significantly for exploring the lichen wealth of the country and critically revising several important taxa. At present, India is represented by approx. 2900 species; north-east India (including eastern Himalaya), Western Himalaya, Western Ghats and Andaman Nicobar Islands are being considered as hotspots of lichen diversity. The lichens are used in air pollution and climate change studies; for biological activities such as antimicrobials and antioxidants to lifestyle diseases; for biodeterioration and in forestry as indicators. In the recent years Indian lichens and endolichenic fungi are widely studied for their medicinal potential and in developing antimicrobial nanoparticles. Indian researchers are publishing more than 75 research papers every year, and lichenology is no more a neglected branch of science in the country.
... The functional groups of secondary metabolites from lichen extracts are instrumental in preventing aggregation of NPs and hence improve the fabrication and stabilization of NPs [143]. Lichen-based NPs show great potential as therapeutic agents, serving as antimicrobials, antidiabetics, and antioxidants [144,145]. ...
... Rai and Gupta tested the possibility of biofabricating Ag-NPs by exploiting the reducing capacity of aqueous extracts of the lichen Cladonia rangiferina [144]. The lichen was collected from the Govind wildlife sanctuary in the Uttarkashi District of Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, at an altitude above 3500 m. ...
Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is a safe, eco-friendly, and relatively inexpensive alternative to conventional routes of NPs production. These methods require natural resources such as cyanobacteria, algae, plants, fungi, lichens, and naturally extracted biomolecules such as pigments, vitamins, polysaccharides, proteins, and enzymes to reduce bulk materials (the target metal salts) into a nanoscale product. Synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs) using lichen extracts is a promising eco-friendly, simple, low-cost biological synthesis process. Lichens are groups of organisms including multiple types of fungi and algae that live in symbiosis. Until now, the fabrication of NPs using lichens has remained largely unexplored, although the role of lichens as natural factories for synthesizing NPs has been reported. Lichens have a potential reducible activity to fabricate different types of NMs, including metal and metal oxide NPs and bimetallic alloys and nanocomposites. These NPs exhibit promising catalytic and antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. To the best of our knowledge, this review provides, for the first time, an overview of the main published studies concerning the use of lichen for nanofabrication and the applications of these NMs in different sectors. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of biosynthesis are discussed, together with the various optimization factors influencing the biological synthesis and toxicity of NPs.
... Many reports are available on the synthesis of nanoparticles from different types of lichens, namely, Parmeliopsis ambigua, Punctelia subrudecta, Evernia mesomorpha, and Xanthoparmelia plitti (Dasari et al., 2013); Parmotrema praesorediosum (Mie et al., 2014); Cetraria islandica (Yıldız et al., 2014;Baláž et al., 2020); Ramalina dumeticola (Din et al., 2015); Acroscyphus sp. and Sticta sp. (Debnath et al., 2016); Parmelia perlata (Leela and Anchana Devi, 2017); Usnea longissima (Siddiqi et al., 2018); Parmotrema tinctorum (Khandel et al., 2018); Parmelia sulcata (Gandhi et al., 2019); Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Alavi et al., 2019); Ramalina sinensis (Safarkar et al., 2020); Cladonia rangiferina (Devasena et al., 2014;Rai and Gupta, 2019); Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria ; Xanthoria elegans, Usnea antarctica, and Leptogium puberulum ; and Lecanora muralis (Abdullah et al., 2020). ...
Biological entities such as green plants, fungi, and lichens are now a days persistently explored for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Lichen-based nanoparticles are also becoming increasingly popular owing to their biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness. The lichen-based metal nanomaterials, particularly synthesized using green chemistry approaches, have turned out to be great substitutes to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Many scientific reports established the significant antimicrobial properties exhibited by the lichen nanoparticles. Therefore, the present mini-review summarizes an overview of lichen-based nanomaterials, their synthesis, their applications, and the molecular mechanism of their potential as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents for biomedical applications.
... Many reports are available on the synthesis of nanoparticles from different types of lichens, namely, Parmeliopsis ambigua, Punctelia subrudecta, Evernia mesomorpha, and Xanthoparmelia plitti (Dasari et al., 2013); Parmotrema praesorediosum (Mie et al., 2014); Cetraria islandica (Yıldız et al., 2014;Baláž et al., 2020); Ramalina dumeticola (Din et al., 2015); Acroscyphus sp. and Sticta sp. (Debnath et al., 2016); Parmelia perlata (Leela and Anchana Devi, 2017); Usnea longissima ; Parmotrema tinctorum ; Parmelia sulcata (Gandhi et al., 2019); Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Alavi et al., 2019); Ramalina sinensis (Safarkar et al., 2020); Cladonia rangiferina (Devasena et al., 2014;Rai and Gupta, 2019); Pseudevernia furfuracea and Lobaria pulmonaria ; Xanthoria elegans, Usnea antarctica, and Leptogium puberulum ; and Lecanora muralis (Abdullah et al., 2020). ...
