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The semi-wildly propagating Japanese climbing fern, Lygodium japonicum, used in this study. (A) Vegetative leaflet. (B) Reproductive leaflet. (C) Semi-wild plants surviving in the gaps between stones (as indicated by arrows). (D) Aggressive growth of L. japonicum winning the competition with other standing plants. (E) Climbing growth of L. japonicum on the concrete and aluminum walls, thus naturally greening the building. (F) Even though it came after, L. japonicum plants are growing on the concrete wall by rapidly covering over the pre-existing vines of Ficus pumila L. Plants were found on Hibikino campus of the University of Kitakyushu, Wakamatsu-ward, Kitakyushu, Japan (A-E), and a private garden in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan (F).
Source publication
Recently, thermal properties of the landscaped rooftops and walls have attracted the interest of researchers
because of the potential to minimize energy consumption in urban areas and to aid summer-time thermal control. For this reason the creation of a plant-based shade for walls or above buildings is highly important. In this paper we evaluate us...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... japonicum is commonly known as "Japanese climbing fern". This native fern grows very rapidly and thus often covers neighboring living trees, rocks and walls in gardens (Fig. 1). For orna- mental purposes, L. japonicum has been exported out of the country. For instance, this plant was intro- duced in 1932 in Florida, USA (Gordon and Thomas, 1997). In the Hibikino campus of the University of Kitakyushu (Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan; 33˚53 33˚53'24'' North latitude, 130˚42130˚42' 49'' East longitude), semi-wildly propagating L. japonicum plants (Fig. 1A- E) directly exposed to sunlight were sampled, replanted in pots, and kept in the greenhouse for three days under fluorescent light to recover prior to experiments. Model set-up on building roof to measure daytime roof tile temperature with and without Lygodium leaf ...
Context 2
... japonicum is commonly known as "Japanese climbing fern". This native fern grows very rapidly and thus often covers neighboring living trees, rocks and walls in gardens (Fig. 1). For orna- mental purposes, L. japonicum has been exported out of the country. For instance, this plant was intro- duced in 1932 in Florida, USA (Gordon and Thomas, 1997). In the Hibikino campus of the University of Kitakyushu (Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan; 33˚53 33˚53'24'' North latitude, 130˚42130˚42' 49'' East longitude), semi-wildly propagating L. japonicum plants (Fig. 1A- E) directly exposed to sunlight were sampled, replanted in pots, and kept in the greenhouse for three days under fluorescent light to recover prior to experiments. Model set-up on building roof to measure daytime roof tile temperature with and without Lygodium leaf ...
Citations
... The dense mat formed by the spreading habit of L. japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. is considered as a natural tool in reducing internal temperatures of buildings thus facilitates adaptation of urban areas to warming climate without the increase of energy consumption (Hara et al., 2016). With these aesthetic and energy-saving benefits, many are interested in purchasing and cultivating such an invasive fern. ...
The Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. has manifested its invasive tendencies, not just in countries outside of its native origin, but also in some areas of its original distribution. The proliferation of such species resulted in economic instability and ecological damage which alarms ecologists, environmentalists and area managers. Thus, it is important to understand the mode of introduction and proliferation of such species to be able to prepare and formulate specific and effective guidelines in managing future invasion of such species. This paper discussed the contribution of trading, importation and transport of wildlife in the introduction of and spread of L. japonicum. The reproductive biology of the Japanese climbing fern has been reviewed to highlight the role of vegetative reproduction and spores in the immense proliferation of this species, and the challenges it imposes in the control and regulation of its spread. Containment and isolation of the invasive species is still considered as the best preventive method to avoid the invasion of L. japonicum, but in the occurrence of infestation, available research-based control methods must be applied. Existing control methods were included in this review with the addition of general considerations regarding the application of each method. Management plans are recommended to be formulated specific for L. japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. and applied in a long-term approach to achieve and ensure effective and sustainable practices and strategies in regulating invasion.
In total, 3,310 fern communities established on hardscapes (hard landscape elements such as walls, stone walls, open areas between buildings, or roadside openings) in 60 urban areas in Chubu region, Honshu, Japan, were investigated to analyze the habitat preferences of each fern species and examine the impact of urbanization on the distribution of each species. The analysis was conducted using a strategy similar to that employed in a previous study conducted in Kinki and Chugoku regions. Results showed that the impact to presence/absence of each species by urbanization was confirmed in 19 species (52.7%). Almost all species that preferred open areas between buildings were forest species, those that preferred walls were epiphytic species, whereas stone wall habitats were preferred by various species, in particular those which were originally adapted to inhabiting cliffs and rocks. Stone walls could be important as urban secondary habitats for rock or cliff ferns, including epiphytic species. These sites may serve as habitats for rare/endangered species. The fern species that particularly preferred the stone wall habitat could be useful as urban revegetation material, such as for wall greenings. Although each type of hardscape has its own utilization value, stone walls, which provide urban habitats for many fern species, need to be repaired and renewed in appropriate ways from the viewpoint of urban biodiversity conservation.
