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The results of vection strength. The horizontal axes indicate three motion types of visual stimulus. Error bars indicate SEs.
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Our previous research showed that vertical vection could modulate human mood. We further examined this possibility by using memory recognition task of positive, negative and neutral emotional images with high and low arousal levels. Those images were remembered accidentally while the participants did visual dummy task, and later presented together...
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Research on the metaphorical mapping of valenced concepts onto space indicates that positive, neutral, and negative concepts are mapped onto upward, midward, and downward locations, respectively. More recently, this type of research has been tested for the very first time in 3D physical space. The findings corroborate the mapping of valenced concep...
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... In the current study, we examined linear vection (rather than circular vection or curvilinear vection). The reasons for this choice were the following: (1) linear vection is studied more often in the modern vection literature (Keshavarz et al. 2017;Palmisano et al. 2016;Väljamäe and Seno 2016); (2) it is easier to present a linear vection stimulus on a flat display (like a Plasma TV); (3) it is more straightforward to precisely control and manipulate the three visual/physical properties of current interest using linear vection stimuli (e.g. these properties and the constant speed could be changed without requiring complex calculations); and (4) the use of linear vection stimuli was also advantageous for calculating the motion energy produced by the different stimulus conditions. ...
... However, the visual simulation generates a sensory conflict (an optical flow specifying the movement of the self and vestibular stimuli specifying the immobility of the body) and spatial disorientation which may modify the way users act in their virtual environment. Besides misperceptions of orientation, such motion of large visual fields has consequences for cognitive performances [5][6][7][8][9]. ...
A large body of research has shown that visually induced self-motion (vection) and cognitive processing may interfere with each other. The aim of this study was to assess the interactive effects of a visual motion inducing vection (uniform motion in roll) versus a visual motion without vection (non-uniform motion) and long-term memory processing using the characteristics of standing posture (quiet stance). As the level of interference may be related to the nature of the cognitive tasks used, we examined the effect of visual motion on a memory task which requires a spatial process (episodic recollection) versus a memory task which does not require this process (semantic comparisons). Results confirm data of the literature showing that compensatory postural response in the same direction as background motion. Repeatedly watching visual uniform motion or increasing the cognitive load with a memory task did not decrease postural deviations. Finally, participants were differentially controlling their balance according to the memory task but this difference was significant only in the vection condition and in the plane of background motion. Increased sway regularity (decreased entropy) combined with decreased postural stability (increase variance) during vection for the episodic task would indicate an ineffective postural control. The different interference of episodic and semantic memory on posture during visual motion is consistent with the involvement of spatial processes during episodic memory recollection. It can be suggested that spatial disorientation due to visual roll motion preferentially interferes with spatial cognitive tasks, as spatial tasks can draw on resources expended to control posture.
... In the current study, we examined linear vection (rather than circular vection or curvilinear vection). The reasons for this choice were the following: (1) linear vection is studied more often in the modern vection literature (Keshavarz et al. 2017;Palmisano et al. 2016;Väljamäe and Seno 2016); (2) it is easier to present a linear vection stimulus on a flat display (like a Plasma TV); (3) it is more straightforward to precisely control and manipulate the three visual/physical properties of current interest using linear vection stimuli (e.g. these properties and the constant speed could be changed without requiring complex calculations); and (4) the use of linear vection stimuli was also advantageous for calculating the motion energy produced by the different stimulus conditions. ...
Changing the speed, size and material properties of optic flow can significantly alter the experience of vection (i.e. visually induced illusions of self-motion). Until now, there has not been a systematic investigation of the effects of luminance contrast, averaged luminance and stimulus spatial frequency on vection. This study examined the vection induced by horizontally oriented gratings that continuously drifted downwards at either 20° or 60°/s. Each of the visual motion stimuli tested had one of: (a) six different levels of luminance contrast; (b) four different levels of averaged luminance; and (c) four different spatial frequencies. Our experiments showed that vection could be significantly altered by manipulating each of these visual properties. Vection strength increased with the grating’s luminance contrast (in Experiment 1), its averaged luminance (in Experiment 2), and its spatial frequency (in Experiment 3). Importantly, interactions between these three factors were also found for the vection induced in Experiment 4. While simulations showed that these vection results could have been caused by effects on stimulus motion energy, differences in perceived grating visibility, brightness or speed may have also contributed to our findings.
... It could therefore be inferred that vertical vection, that is, illusory self-motion perception, can modulate human mood. Väljamäe and Seno (2016) further examined the possibility by testing memory recognition using positive, negative, and neutral emotional images with high and low arousal levels. Those images were remembered accidentally while the participants performed visual dummy tasks, and were presented again later, together with novel images, during vertical vection-inducing or neutral visual stimuli. ...
... The results showed that downward vection facilitated the recognition of negative images and inhibited the recognition of positive ones. These findings on the modulation of incidental memory tasks provide additional evidence for vection influence on cognitive and emotional processing (Väljamäe & Seno, 2016). ...
This paper omitted a reference: Dutriaux, L., & Gyselinck, V. (2016). Learning is better with the hands free: The role of posture in the memory of manipulable objects. PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0159108. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159108.
... Global patterns of optic flow are regarded to be the major visual stimulus for self-motion perception and vection (e.g., Gibson 1966;Palmisano 1996;Väljamäe and Seno 2016). The term optic flow refers to the way that the patterns of light at our eyes continually change as we move through the environment (Gibson 1966). ...
This study examined the contributions of low-, mid- and high-level visual motion information to vection. We compared the vection experiences induced by hand-drawn and computer-generated animation clips to those induced by versions of these movies that contained only their pure optic flow. While the original movies were found to induce longer and stronger vection experiences than the pure optic flow, vection onsets were not significantly altered by removing the mid- and high-level information. We conclude that low-level visual motion information appears to be important for vection induction, whereas mid- and higher-level display information appears to be important for sustaining and strengthening this vection after its initial induction.
... It could therefore be inferred that vertical vection, that is, illusory self-motion perception, can modulate human mood. Väljamäe and Seno (2016) further examined the possibility by testing memory recognition using positive, negative, and neutral emotional images with high and low arousal levels. Those images were remembered accidentally while the participants performed visual dummy tasks, and were presented again later, together with novel images, during vertical vection-inducing or neutral visual stimuli. ...
... The results showed that downward vection facilitated the recognition of negative images and inhibited the recognition of positive ones. These findings on the modulation of incidental memory tasks provide additional evidence for vection influence on cognitive and emotional processing (Väljamäe & Seno, 2016). ...
This review aims at exploring the role of the body and its sensorimotor processes in memory. Recent theories have suggested that memories can profitably be seen as mental simulations consisting in the reactivation of sensorimotor patterns originally associated with events at encoding, rather than amodal mental representations. The sensorimotor model of memory (SMM) claims that the body is the medium where (and through which) sensorimotor modalities actually simulate the somatosensory components of remembered events, and predicts that memory processes can be manipulated through manipulation of the body. The review analyzes experimental evidence in favor of the SMM and the claim that the body is at stake in memory processes. The review then highlights how, at the current state of research, the majority of this evidence concerns the effect of body manipulations on memory processes rather than memory representations. It considers the need for a more circumstantial outline of the actual extent to which the body is capable of affecting memory, specifically on some important areas still unexplored, such as the sense of recollection. Resulting strengths and limitations of the SMM are discussed in relation to the more general debate on the embodied cognition.
Vection has been reported to be enhanced by wind, as long as the wind is a normal temperature and not hot. However, here we report that a hot wind can facilitate vection, as long as it is natural and consistent with the visual stimulus. We created a fire-corridor stimulus that was consistent with a hot wind and a control stimulus composed of cubes, which were irrelevant to a hot wind. We compared the vection strength induced by a fire-corridor (fire condition) visual stimulus with that induced by geometric cubes (no-fire condition) visual stimulus. There were three wind type conditions: a normal temperature wind, hot wind, and no wind. The results showed that a normal temperature wind facilitated vection and that a hot wind (but not a normal wind) highly enhanced vection when a fire-corridor stimulus was presented. These results suggest that vection is highly affected and modulated by high-level cognitive processes.
