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The research area 1 of Fengtai District. Source: 1. Beijing Construction Department, 2012. 2. Beijing Migration Control System, 2012. 3. Google Map.
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The study analyzes the influence of housing characteristics on rural migrants’ living condition in Beijing Fengtai District, China. The researcher will identify rural migrants in Beijing, examine their housing characteristics (housing crowding, housing privacy and housing facility) and the influence on their living condition. Also, some suggestions...
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China is undergoing dramatic changes through the rapid economic development that is associated with rapid urbanisation, which leads to nationwide migration. As many as 5,000,000 rural migrants have moved to Beijing. This research explores the challenge of appropriate housing to accommodate these migrants as the consequence of the dual urban and rur...
Citations
... Human rights are entitled to be able to access the basic SMFI (Terminski, 2011) and the availability of SMFI becomes a priority in providing decent housing (Migrant Workers Alliance for Change, 2020). The previous research found that 36 percent of rural foreign workers in Beijing agreed that housing facilities had a greater impact on their living conditions than housing crowding and housing privacy (Tao, 2015). ...
Purpose: This article aims to highlight various research findings related to dependence and the negative effects of foreign workers in the Malaysian labour market. In addition, phenomenon related to their housing and accommodation will also be examined. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the descriptive research method to investigate a phenomenon related to foreign workers. In this stage, the data collection process is based on examining reports, statistics, mass media and journals. Commentaries on the act and guidelines related to the housing and accommodation of foreign workers were also reviewed for understanding and reference of this study. Findings: It turns out that Malaysia is still dependent on foreign labour and the negative effects of the presence of foreign labour in Malaysia still occur. It is found that the management of foreign worker housing and accommodation in Malaysia is still not at a sustainable level. Existing policies still need to be improved in addition to non-compliance by employers on the guidelines provided. Research limitations/implications: The research findings for this article are based on information from the literature highlights obtained from reports, journals, statistics, and the media. Therefore, no opinion polls were obtained from the policy maker, regulatory agency, and foreign workers themselves. A more in-depth study considering all parties is expected to give better implications for this kind of study.
... This may not be unconnected to the reason successive housing policies in developing countries in Asia (Wakely, 2022), Africa (Odoyi & Riekkinen, 2022) and Europe (Shahab et al., 2021) have centred on how their citizens can have unrestricted access to a qualitative housing environment. The quality of housing environment, as one of the key elements of housing, has been recognised to have a substantial influence on the well-being of residents, their living standard and productivity, as well as environment sustainability (Coley et al., 2013;Li & Wu, 2013;Tao, 2015). In the same vein, another study (Yip et al., 2017) found that both the house and the environment in which it is located have a direct influence on human life. ...
This study complemented the debate for a better outdoor residential experience but gave a perspective from a developing country, using Ewet housing estate in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, as a case study. Combining field observation with a questionnaire, data obtained from 150 houses was analysed using descriptive statistics complemented with regression analysis. The results showed that over 60% of the houses were of high quality, however, they were overshadowed by the surrounding lacklustre open space areas. The visual quality of the organisation of the landscape elements had a very strong positive relationship with contribution to amenity value of the neighbourhood. Preference for outdoor activities with recreation, motivation to beautify the premises, and to have a good setting for the house all appeared as positive factors of poor quality development of a residential site. Non-availability of good site design/lack of specification by the housing authority for site development, and inadequate space and site problems, were found to be the major constraints affecting residential site development. The awareness factor had a strong positive relationship with the quality of site development. The study concluded by suggesting a conceptual foundation for improving the process and quality of residential site development in developing countries.
... (1) Returning to rural areas. It is evident that the high housing price has a "negative" impact on the migrants' decisions on settling down, as their living costs are increased not only directly by rental housing price but also indirectly by the increased sale price of goods due to the high lease cost of stores (53)(54)(55). With the increase in rent due to the demolition, some migrant workers decide to return to home village because they cannot adapt to the city life with the increased cost in all aspects. ...
As a vital source of the demographic dividend, migrant workers living in urban villages have positively contributed to urban economic development and the improvement of urbanization. Although urban villages have had a great impact on public health due to the shabby environments and poor public safety, the large-scale demolition of the urban villages, the supply of affordable housing for migrant workers has decreased drastically, which may lead to the outflow of many migrant workers and consequently affects the sustainable operations of cities. Therefore, this paper takes Hangzhou as an example to study the impact of urban village redevelopment on migrant workers and their migration decisions during urban village redevelopment process. The finding indicates that migrant workers are significantly impacted by large-scale demolition. (1) The number of affected migrant workers is huge. For example, 657,000 migrant workers who lived in around 178 urban villages are affected in Hangzhou (34,468 households). (2) The increase in rent is obvious. (3) Strong expulsion effect: nearly 1/3 migrant workers will decide to leave the city because of the demolition. Furthermore, our binary logistic regression model suggests that the commuting time, living satisfactory, and the rent affordability are factors significantly affecting migration workers' decision to leave and stay in the city. The housing quality and comfort indicators are not significant. This indicates that convenience for employment and high rent avoidance are the major characteristics of migrant workers' housing choice. Hence, in addition to considering whether the harsh environment is harmful to the public health of urban and residents, the interest and characteristics of migrant workers should be considered during the current urban village demolition process. While simply demolishing urban villages, government needs to provide a relatively sufficient amount of low-cost and affordable housing for migrant workers in case migrant workers leave the city in large numbers due to lack of suitable housing in the city.
... Although the appearance of metropolitan areas seems to have brought prosperity to society, resources such as skilled workers and promising industries move in incessantly from small cities. For metropolitan areas, an increase in the population scale fills up the old localities and makes them crowded, and new localities need to be developed along with metro areas, which then spread out continually [42]. Small cities are unlikely to be well developed because of the shortage of resources. ...
Although urban growth control policies are widely adopted to help sustainable development in various countries, including China, few studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness and optimization of such policies in Chinese cities. Hangzhou, China, was chosen for this study as the research object, where the local authorities manage the urban sprawl via an urban development boundary policy. The institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework was employed to identify the conflicts between the central government and the local government as well as the developers and homebuyers in the formal/informal stage. The analysis shows that, with the implementation of the policy, problems such as fiscal crises, property inflation, and illegal construction will appear as a result of actors’ interactions. The study also highlights that industrial land transfer inside the boundary should be controlled in a reasonable range and that a land value tax should be introduced during the implementation of the urban development boundary policy.
... The most recent census data from 201015 revealed that 38.5% of Fengtai's residents come from cities and provinces outside of Beijing (Fengtai Government, n.d.). These outsiders tend to be migrant workers who come from rural provinces and live in crowded apartments to lower the rental cost person (Tao, 2015). Teachers at Sunshine described the area as "middle class," with many residents working in retail. ...
In various geographic contexts, research on second- and foreign-language (L2) learners’ motivation has been primarily focused on the motivation to learn a second or foreign language instead of on the motivation to transfer learning. These two concepts differ from each other in language learning because a learner may simply wish to understand a language to perform well on tests, as opposed to actually applying language learning to oral communication outside the classroom. The motivation to use L2 knowledge and skills learned in the classroom in communication outside of the classroom is referred to as L2 motivation to transfer (or L2 transfer motivation). Gardner (1985) proposed a socio-educational model, positing that L2 learners’ motivation (L2 motivation) is a combination of effort and the desire to achieve the goal of learning a language plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language.
Building on Gardner’s seminal framework, this qualitative multi-case study employed a reflexive voice and an inductive approach to investigate junior high school students’ self-described effort, desire, and favorable attitudes towards the extracurricular use of English-language learning (ELL). The research setting was a junior high school in Fengtai District, Beijing, China. This study is significant because it constitutes an attempt to address the paucity of qualitative research in L2 motivation literature and the underrepresentation of junior high school students in L2 motivation investigations. Additionally, this study’s focus on applied learning is relevant to China’s Quality Education (QE) policy orientation which emphasizes the value of practical skills and abilities over strictly test-based learning. After a pilot study, eight participants were selected and observed in their classrooms twice a week over an eight-week period. Data analysis suggested that the relevance of the learning content, the perceived utility of ELL for present and future use, perceived transfer opportunities, and the learners’ posture towards global citizenship (PTGC) influenced L2 motivation to transfer learning among participants. These findings establish a suggested framework for future L2 transfer motivation research in the Chinese context, as PTGC appears to be a potential replacement for Gardner’s construct of integrativeness and Yashima’s (2002) concept of international posture (IP). Future research is required to determine how L2 transfer motivation may change over time and its sensitivity to the implementation of the new Chinese Standards of English (CSE).
Keywords: English Learning, L2 motivation, L2 transfer motivation, international posture, motivation to transfer
... Regarding housing conditions, most literature emphasized the identification of problems and recommendations. Liu (2015) affirmed that overcrowding severely curtailed the daily life of a rural migrant in Beijing. Tao et al. (2015) investigated the housing tenure and choices of migrant workers in China. ...
An increasing number of large cities have experienced urban village transformation because of the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Extant literature largely focuses on urban village transformation and its ensuing developments. This research examined the social welfare change through six welfare categories of indicators, namely, economic condition, dwelling condition, development opportunity, social security, living environment, and psychology. Value change in fuzzy membership was used to reveal the changes in social welfare for rural migrants before and after urban village transformation. Data were collected from questionnaires distributed in four cities of Zhejiang Province in 2014. Fuzzy assessment model was developed to analyze the collected data. Results corroborated that nearly all the values of the welfare categories decreased, except for the value of dwelling condition. The findings confirmed that the rural migrants do not primarily receive the benefits of urban village transformation. In addition, such transformation does not improve urban village harmony. Various measures should be applied to improve rural migrant welfare, including enhancing rural migrant settlement intention, encouraging rural migrants to return to their respective hometowns, and implementing policies for regionally differentiated welfare rights. The findings of this study can provide references for local governments to substantially implement urban village transformation.
... This finding support Li and Liu's study, which shows a similar trend that migrants "have more balanced jobs-housing relationship" than native residents (Li and Liu, 2016, p. 286). Large numbers of migrant workers move from other places -especially rural areas -to Beijing to work in labor-intensive sectors such as production or processing of food, manufacturing or construction, typically living in crowded quarters underground or in employer-provided dormitories (Yu and Cai, 2013;Tao, 2014), which probably explains their shorter commute distances. ...
In this paper, we use household travel survey data and employment establishment survey data collected in Beijing to empirically investigate the extent to which institutional arrangements influence the jobs-housing spatial relationship, and whether such arrangements interact with local job opportunities in shaping the jobs-housing relationship. Dynamic buffering is used to derive the number of job opportunities within specific distances of each home. We find that, once individuals have the freedom to choose their workplaces or homes, the “relics” of command-and-control housing provision policies no longer have significant influence on commute distances. We also find that more job opportunities close to homes have significant association with shorter commuting distances. This is especially true for individuals who joined the workforce after 1999. The institutional setup and spatial structure of the jobs and population in Beijing can contribute to this trend. Yet the magnitude of this effect from the job opportunities is nevertheless negligible.
... Bình quân mỗi năm thành phố tăng thêm khoảng 200.000 người, trong đó có hơn 130.000 dân nhập cư (Lê Văn Thành, 2012). Đô thị hóa do di cư và tăng dân số tại các khu vực thành thị đã gây áp lực lên cơ sở hạ tầng và dịch vụ xã hội hiện tại (Liu Wen Tao, 2015). Đô thị hóa nhanh chóng không được quản lý và không có kế hoạch sẽ dẫn tới tăng áp lực dân số lên các dịch vụ đô thị như nhà ở, giáo dục, chăm sóc y tế, nước sạch, vệ sinh và giao thông. ...
... Để phát triển đô thị bền vững, các hoạt động quản lý và qui hoạch phát triển của thành phố cần phải đặc biệt lưu ý đến vấn đề nhà ở và cơ sở hạ tầng cho người nhập cư. Cụ thể là xây dựng các chính sách nhằm quản lý và hỗ trợ người nhập cư ổn định cuộc sống tại thành phố (Liu Wen Tao, 2015). Đối với việc quản lý nhà ở cho người nhập cư, cần phải cụ thể hóa từ qui hoạch sử dụng đất đến các chính sách tài chính công và kêu gọi xã hội hóa trong công tác đầu tư, quản lý và xây dựng (Youquin Huang, 2015); Đồng thời cần phải xác định rõ số lượng của từng loại hình cơ sở hạ tầng cần phải đáp ứng trong từng giai đoạn phát triển nhằm chủ động đón nhận lượng người nhập cư. ...
Decolorization from synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 24 (RR24) using gamma Cobalt-60 ray was investigated. The influence of the irradiation dose, initial pH, initial dye and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration were evaluated. The pH effect has proved that lower decolorization efficiency was observed in alkaline medium as compared to the neutral and acid medium. While color removal efficiency increased with increasing absorbed dose. A synergistic effect of gamma radiation with H2O2 was applied and the results showed that H2O2 accelerated decolorization process, however when the dosage of H2O2 exceeded the optimal concentration, the color removal efficiency attained saturation and even reduced. The color removal efficiencies achieved over 99% at the dose of 4 kGy, initial pH 7, initial dye concentrationof 100 mg/L and H2O2 concentration of 3mM. These results highlighted the potential of radiation technology for dye removal from textile wastewater.
The rural-urban migrant children in China has become a hot spot in different disciplines. This dissertation concentrates on the schooling experiences, intergeneration relations and urban experiences of migrant children in Qingdao to unpack their understandings of education, the urban-rural dichotomy and their social positions in the city. The research is established in two main clues. The first task of my research is to explore migrant children's educational trajectories in the city. The second task investigates how migrant children shape and reshape their social identities in the urban-rural dichotomy.
I selected five migrant children as the key participants of my research. By employing participant observation, I got a valuable chance to participate in children's daily lives over six months. Even when I left the field, I still maintained connections with these children through online chatting. Through intensive fieldwork, my research unravelled how the educational system reproduced the social structure by displaying social inequalities hidden in migrant children's everyday school experiences. As a result, most migrant children were educated to be manual labour repeating their parents' fate. My research also illustrated that the urban-rural dichotomy excluded migrant children from becoming urban citizens. Importantly, I also paid attention to children's agency by analysing their aspirations. All participants expressed their strong desires to live and work in the city rather than return to the rural villages. The children's careers aspirations reflected that they positioned themselves as 'future citizens' or 'new citizens', which helped me capture the interplay of structural constraints and individual agency.
The slow growth of the permanently settled migrants in host cities poses new challenges for the sustainability of China's future urbanization. Given the growing importance of homeownership, this paper clarifies migrants' settlement intentions into three mutually exclusive patterns, including de facto permanent settlement intention through homeownership, long‐term temporary settlement intention and short‐term temporary settlement intention. Based on matched micro‐ and macro‐level data, this paper examines the influence of city economic development and housing prices on these three patterns. The results suggest that economic development exhibits an attractive effect on migrants' settlement intentions for both earning money and for making a life while housing price weakens rural migrants' de facto permanent settlement intention. We also highlight the effect of the Housing Provident Fund (HPF), the most important housing financial policy in China, on settlement intention, and the results suggest that the HPF serves as an option to help migrants achieve permanent settlement through housing availability. The findings can explain the mixed results of previous research and provide policy references for sustainable urbanization in China.
