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The proposed system for navigation Assumptions Both the victim and the rescuer need LTE enabled smart mobile phones. Victim's mobile phone needs to be turned on. The location of the victim including his device should be static.
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![Fig. 6. Locating victim[M] by the three rescuers[beacon nodes]](profile/Umme-Zakia/publication/311255170/figure/fig5/AS:706006581518337@1545336494771/Locating-victimM-by-the-three-rescuersbeacon-nodes_Q320.jpg){kind=tracking}
Disasters either natural or manmade, is a part of our everyday life and no measures can eliminate the occurrence. But, unpreparedness and unawareness of these disasters enhance the severity of damages and cause the loss of human lives. So after the occurrence of the disaster, it requires all out efforts for rescue operation of the lives trapped or...
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Citations
... Commonly deployed wireless disaster communication systems may be classified into three categories: cellular, hybrid, and mesh/ad hoc disaster communication systems. The cellular infrastructure has been widely used in several disaster communication systems [12,13] since it can provide significant coverage for areas with an existing and intact cellular infrastructure without the requirement of installing any additional hardware. However, these solutions are vulnerable as natural disasters often cause partial or complete damage to the telecommunication infrastructure. ...
This paper discusses the design, implementation and field trials of WiMesh, a resilient wireless mesh network-based disaster communication system purpose-built for underdeveloped and rural parts of the world. Mesh networking is a mature area, and the focus of this paper is not on proposing novel models, protocols or other mesh solutions. Instead, the paper focuses on the identification of important design considerations and justifications for several design trade offs in the context of mesh networking for disaster communication in developing countries with very limited resources. These trade-offs are discussed in the context of key desirable traits including security, low cost, low power, size, availability, customization, portability, ease of installation and deployment, and coverage area among others. We discuss at length the design, implementation, and field trial results of the WiMesh system which enables users spread over large geographical regions, to communicate with each other despite the lack of cellular coverage, power, and other communication infrastructure by leveraging multi-hop mesh networking and Wi-Fi equipped handheld devices. Lessons learned along with real-world results are shared for WiMesh deployment in a remote rural mountainous village of Pakistan, and the source code is shared with the research community.
... Several issues have been highlighted by previous researchers which are rescue operation; awareness prediction and damage of mobile communication. For rescue operation, in [1], the author has proposed a navigation system using D2D communications and GPS for rescue operation. The D2D provides public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) and national security and public safety (NSPS) services which capable to support local services although some or all of the network nodes become damage or faulty due to natural disaster. ...
This paper presents Self-Select Target Neighboring Base Station Assisted Handover for Natural Disaster in LTE-A Network. In this study, two parameters have been introduced which are known as received signal strength of user (RSS) and left over power of base station (LoP) in order to maintained good QoS of UE and prolong battery life of base station when there is power outage. A distance fraction coefficient (α) with value 0.2 has been introduced to RSS expression to improve the signal strength by reducing the area that the UE’s covered. Both parameters are used to calculate weighted-average score (WAS) for selection of potential target base station to avoid more users to connect to the affected base station. From the results, sRSS=0.8 gave the highest WAS with value of WAS=0.84 for users from 1 to 100 compares to other value of sRSS. Moreover, by using no natural disaster condition as reference, Condition 1 (wRSS=80%, wLoP=20% ) with the lowest percentage of improvement (3.75%.) will be chosen as handover condition as it near to base station, avoid overloaded users to the affected base station, hence prolong battery life as it only use 20% of battery usage.
... [12] When rescuing victims, it takes time, energy and effort on the part of the rescuer because of the difficulty of locating the precise point of victims leading to sacrificing a huge amount of resources and may result to injury or even death of rescuers. [13] The more time passes the less likely to find people alive. So, there are a lot of people that are willing to invest in integrating technologies that can able to find many possible survivors after a disaster like earthquakes. ...
-Many inventions that manifest the required qualities for the improvement of the search and rescue operations are made. However, the present inventions do not cover accurate tracking of the victims which contributes to a delay during operation. Thus, a Wearable Indoor Tracking Device using Wi-Fi Positioning System with PPG Sensor and Android Application is developed to uplift the limitations of the devices present today which can resolve the delay of search and rescue operation. This project focuses on detecting the specific location of the victims which includes distance and direction from rescuer's perspective as well as the victim's status. Moreover, the location and status of the victim can be viewed simultaneously through an Android Application. To achieve the tracking technology, trilateration technique is used. It manipulates the calculated distance of the beacons by finding their intersection. To get the measured distance the researchers use an algorithm named Free Space Path Loss wherein it converts the Wi-Fi strength into distance. For the direction, slope formula is used to determine the measured angle between the rescuer and the victim. Therefore, by making this wearable device, the search and rescue operation will increase its accuracy to 80% in finding the distance of the rescuer and the victim and by 100% in finding the direction of the rescuer from the victim.
... In [6], [8], management and analysis of data generated in DMS for decision support has been studied. In [9], [10], service perspective of DMS is investigated by studying the use of mobile-and web-based technology [33] etc., for post-disaster management. ...
The performance of wireless communication network is important in emergency rescue operations while ensuring optimum usage of limited wireless resources. Due to the disruption of normal wireless communication in a post-disaster scenario, the sustenance of an emergency communication network plays a significant role in relief operations. Under such a scenario, it becomes crucial to monitor the performance and reliability of the protocol in a time-bound manner. Some of the prominent challenges faced by the communication network during this period are related to energy efficiency, resources allocation, reliable connectivity, QoS, network throughput, and interoperability. A comprehensive performance appraisal of the emergency network considering the above-mentioned aspects is extremely important. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the widely used communication technologies applied for setting up an emergency communication network to mitigate the post disaster aftermath. The article also delivers an overview of the integration of new technologies with the existing standards for improving the performance of the disaster communication networks. Finally, we propose some promising solutions to overcome the limitations of existing emergency communication technologies to improve the overall network performance.
This paper discusses the design, implementation and field trials of WiMesh - a resilient Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) based disaster communication system purpose-built for underdeveloped and rural parts of the world. Mesh networking is a mature area, and the focus of this paper is not on proposing novel models, protocols or other mesh solutions. Instead, the paper focuses on the identification of important design considerations and justifications for several design trade offs in the context of mesh networking for disaster communication in developing countries with very limited resources. These trade-offs are discussed in the context of key desirable traits including security, low cost, low power, size, availability, customization, portability, ease of installation and deployment, and coverage area among others. We discuss at length the design, implementation, and field trial results of the WiMesh system which enables users spread over large geographical regions, to communicate with each other despite the lack of cellular coverage, power, and other communication infrastructure by leveraging multi-hop mesh networking and Wi-Fi equipped handheld devices. Lessons learned along with real-world results are shared for WiMesh deployment in a remote rural mountainous village of Pakistan, and the source code is shared with the research community.
span>Natural disaster is an unpredictable event which can cause service communication disruption. The disruption of service communication can be divided into three cases which are power outage, broken backhaul and physical destruction by disaster. This paper focuses on power outage case. Although each base stations equipped with backup batteries, it only last for several hours. After natural disaster hit certain areas, traffic is highly congested due to panic and rescue operation of lifesaving. This scenario will drain the backup batteries quickly. In order to limit the UEs’ connection to the affected base station, this research proposed to adjust Received Signal Strength (RSS) based on parameter called as a distance fraction coefficient, α so that the affected coverage area is reduced when in disaster area situation. The parameter is added in the path loss equation and later in the RSS equation. The numerical results show the RSS improved whereby α=0.2 gives the optimal value and therefore limit the incoming traffic to the affected base station. </span
Islamabad (Pakistan) is a well-developed community that is experienced in natural disasters, particularly earthquakes. The problem faced by the people of Islamabad (Pakistan) is the lack of timely information immediately prior to, during and following earthquakes resulted in many causalities and other major losses in the past. Due to a lack of relevant literature, the perceptions of earthquake-affected people regarding the use of ITS technologies (that can facilitate broken communication and missing information links between different earthquake-affected people and earthquake management authorities) are unknown. In total 102 randomly selected households of Islamabad (Pakistan) were recruited to complete a questionnaire, which had been carefully designed and piloted. A Multinomial Logistic Regression approach was employed to analyse the data. In total 15 different statistically significant models were developed. The results will help in designing ITS oriented policies and management plans for the rescue, search, evacuation operations, and emergency logistics for the earthquake affected people.
