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Wireless sensor prototypes have varying hardware architectures and distinctive sensing principles. In this study, a prototype is developed for the purpose of monitoring leaks of methane (CH 4), which has explosive properties and is the main constituent of the natural gas, in the refineries or buildings and work places heating. The prototype can be...
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... The WSN will be trained for most of the sets of values that may cause fire, eventually detecting the fire incident. In this work, we present the wireless sensor node with different sensors such as flame detection sensor, gas sensor (smoke) [21], temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and light sensor. These sensors will monitor the environmental parameters continuously and send the data collected from sensors to the base station, where it will be monitored to prevent any kind of hazardous fire. ...
Fires generally occur due to human carelessness and the change in environmental conditions. The uncontrolled fire results in death incidents of humans and animals as well as severe threats to the ecosystem. The preservation of the natural environment is important. The wireless sensor networks, widely used in different monitoring applications, is used in this work. For fire detection, we use flame, smoke, temperature, humidity, and light intensity sensors in our proposed network node which is low-cost, reduced-size, and power-efficient. The experiments are performed in a well-controlled real-time environment. The proposed node transmits the sensed data to the central node. The central node then transfers the data gathered from all the nodes to the control station using an air interface. To decide whether there is an incident of fire or not, and to have an idea on fire intensity, we combine multiple attributes sensed from a single node using Bayesian approach due to its simplicity and resemblance with human reasoning. In the experimental setup, the conditions for fire with different intensity are generated and the results confirm the validity of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy and less false alarms.
... The most popular gas sensing technology used in WSNs for environmental monitoring is based on Metal Oxide (MOX) resistive sensors, while optical gas sensing devices are more popular among UAV users [6,7,9,12,13,17]. This research aims at using the same sensing technology to integrate WSNs and UAVs in order to reduce complexity and cost. ...
... Tracking and mapping gas plumes at ground level is one of the practical applications of WSNs. Therefore, WSNs has been used for environmental monitoring and monitoring of fugitive CH 4 emissions [10], coal fields or biomass degradation (landfills) [11], and NH 3 and N 2 O gases released from fertilizer use [12,13]. Although, this technology is already commercially available, the cost/benefit ratio is still high for extensive use. ...
This paper describes a generic and integrated solar powered remote Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) gas sensing system. The system uses a generic gas sensing system for CH4 and CO2 concentrations using metal oxide (MoX) and non-dispersive infrared sensors, and a new solar cell encapsulation method to power the UASs as well as a data management platform to store, analyse and share the information with operators and external users. The system was successfully field tested at ground and low altitudes, collecting, storing and transmitting data in real time to a central node for analysis and 3D mapping. The system can be used in a wide range of outdoor applications, especially in agriculture, bushfires, mining studies, opening the way to a ubiquitous low cost environmental monitoring. A video of the bench and flight test performed can be seen in the following link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bwas7stYIxQ.
... The most popular gas sensing technology used in WSNs for environmental monitoring is based on Metal Oxide (MOX) resistive sensors, while optical gas sensing devices are more popular among UAV users [6,7,9,12,13,17]. This research aims at using the same sensing technology to integrate WSNs and UAVs in order to reduce complexity and cost. ...
Measuring gases for environmental monitoring is a demanding task that requires long periods of observation and large numbers of sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) currently represent the best alternative to monitor large, remote, and difficult access areas, as these technologies have the possibility of carrying specialized gas sensing systems. This paper presents the development and integration of a WSN and an UAV powered by solar energy in order to enhance their functionality and broader their applications. A gas sensing system implementing nanostructured metal oxide (MOX) and non-dispersive infrared sensors was developed to measure concentrations of CH4 and CO2. Laboratory, bench and field testing results demonstrate the capability of UAV to capture, analyze and geo-locate a gas sample during flight operations. The field testing integrated ground sensor nodes and the UAV to measure CO2 concentration at ground and low aerial altitudes, simultaneously. Data collected during the mission was transmitted in real time to a central node for analysis and 3D mapping of the target gas. The results highlights the accomplishment of the first flight mission of a solar powered UAV equipped with a CO2 sensing system integrated with a WSN. The system provides an effective 3D monitoring and can be used in a wide range of environmental applications such as agriculture, bushfires, mining studies, zoology and botanical studies using a ubiquitous low cost technology.
... A few years later, Brudzewski (1998) reported that an older TGS 813 reacted to pulses of air and methane ranging between 1600 ppm and 4000 ppm, but not at ambient concentrations (≈ 1.8 ppm). Also, the NGM 2611 methane sensor used by Tümer and Gündüz (2010) is only sensitive to CH 4 in the range 1000-10 000 ppm. To the best of our knowledge, the TGS 2600 is the first sensor for which the manufacturer indicates a sensitivity to methane even in the ppm range (Fig. 1a). ...
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2
and contributes to global warming. Its sources are not uniformly
distributed across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and most of the
methane flux is expected to stem from hotspots which often occupy a very
small fraction of the total landscape area. Continuous time-series
measurements of CH4 concentrations can help identify and
locate these methane hotspots. Newer, low-cost trace gas sensors such as
the Figaro TGS 2600 can detect CH4 even at ambient
concentrations. Hence, in this paper we tested this sensor under
real-world conditions over Toolik Lake, Alaska, to determine its
suitability for preliminary studies before placing more expensive and
service-intensive equipment at a given locality. A reasonably good
agreement with parallel measurements made using a Los Gatos Research FMA
100 methane analyzer was found after removal of the strong sensitivities
for temperature and relative humidity. Correcting for this sensitivity
increased the absolute accuracy required for in-depth studies, and the
reproducibility between two TGS 2600 sensors run in parallel is very
good. We conclude that the relative CH4 concentrations
derived from such sensors are sufficient for preliminary investigations
in the search of potential methane hotspots.
... A few years later, Brudzewski (1998) reported that an older TGS 813 reacted to pulses of air and methane ranging between 1600 ppm and 4000 ppm, but not at ambient concentrations (≈ 1.8 ppm). Also the NGM 2611 methane 20 sensor used by Tümer and Gündüz (2010) only is sensitive to CH 4 in the range 1000-10 000 ppm. To the best of our knowledge, the TGS 2600 is the first sensor for which the manufacturer indicates a sensitivity to methane even in the ppm range (Fig. 1a). ...
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2
and contributes to global warming. Its sources are not uniformly
distributed across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and most of the
methane flux is expected to stem from hotspots which often occupy a very
small fraction of the total landscape area. Continuous time-series
measurements of CH4 concentrations can help identify and
locate these methane hot-spots. Newer, low-cost trace gas sensors such
as the Figaro TGS 2600 can detect CH4 even at ambient
concentrations. Hence, in this paper we tested this sensor under
real-world conditions over Toolik Lake, Alaska, to determine its
suitability for preliminary studies before placing more expensive and
service-intensive equipment at a given locality. A reasonably good
agreement with parallel measurements made using a Los Gatos Research FMA
100 methane analyzer was found after removal of the strong
cross-sensitivities for temperature and relative humidity. Correcting
for this cross-sensitivity increased the absolute accuracy required for
in-depth studies, and the reproducibility between two TGS 2600 sensors
run in parallel is very good. We conclude that the relative
CH4 concentrations derived from such sensors are sufficient
for preliminary investigations in the search of potential methane
hot-spots.
This paper presents development of simple, low cost and friendly use of remote monitoring technique to measure concentration of Carbon monoxide rise in the environment based on microcontroller and electro-optic transmission technique. The developed technique implements an electrochemical sensors array that is able to detect Carbon monoxide in the place of interest for air quality controlling. The obtained results with help of microcontroller followed by Computer analysis shown high degree of safely at a remote place under hazardous conditions by providing isolation through fiber optic communication network.
