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The prevalence of different depletion categories. Blue: normal BMI and FFMI; red: normal BMI and FFM depletion; green: low BMI and normal FFM; purple: low BMI and FFMI.
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Fat-free mass (FFM) depletion has been shown to be a better predictor of mortality than BMI in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The specific aim of the current study was to assess the nutritional status of stable COPD patients in relation to fat free mass index profiles.
We investigated 65 male moderate-to-severe stable COPD p...
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Citations
... The results of the ndings correlate with the results of the other research. [16,17] However, there is a question of what the mechanism is underlying the correlation between red meat consumption and development of COPD. While this study did not directly investigate the mechanisms, possible pathways include the pro-in ammatory effects [18,19] of certain compounds found in red meat, oxidative stress, and impaired lung function due to dietary factors [20]. ...
Background: Limited research has been conducted on the association between cultural food habits (CFH) and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and no studies have specifically investigated the long-term dietary impact on COPD risk in the Republic of Kazakhstan [1]. However, the prevalence of various non-communicable diseases, including COPD, is high in the country, and some of these diseases may be influenced by CFH. To better understand the relationship between CFH and non-communicable diseases, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan has provided funding for research through grant number OR12165486, titled "National Programme for the Introduction of Personalized and Preventive Medicine in The Republic of Kazakhstan (2021–2023)" (Grant number OR12165486). The current case-control study is being conducted as part of this grant.
Aim: We sought to investigate the association between long-term red meat consumption and risk of COPD.
Methods: The case – control study primarily targeted the population of the Almaty Observational Cohort, comprising 609 men aged 30 to 85 years. These participants were monitored for analysis purposes between 2018 and 2023, with an average age of 51.2 years (95% CI 48.1–54.3). The assessment of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in both 2018 and 2023.
Results: Among individuals with COPD, the predominant factors associated with the disease were the consumption of red meat more than 10 times per month (84.9%), a body mass index (BMI) over 25 (73.6%), the consumption of more than 100 grams of red meat per serving (62.3%), and the consumption of less than 100 grams of fresh fruits per serving (52.8%). In the control group, the primary factors were alcohol consumption in the past 12 months (69.2%), the consumption of red meat more than 10 times per month (62.9%), the consumption of more than 100 grams of red meat per serving (55.8%), and the consumption of fresh fruits less than 30 times per month (52.0%).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that high consumption of red meat, low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, and a preference for fatty foods may increase the risk of developing COPD among men in Kazakhstan. These results emphasize the importance of promoting balanced and healthy dietary habits to reduce the burden of COPD and improve public health.
... The results of the ndings correlate with the results of the other research. [16,17] However, there is a question of what the mechanism is underlying the correlation between red meat consumption and development of COPD. While this study did not directly investigate the mechanisms, possible pathways include the pro-in ammatory effects [18,19] of certain compounds found in red meat, oxidative stress, and impaired lung function due to dietary factors [20]. ...
Background: Limited research exists on the link between cultural food habits (CFH) COPD risk, in Kazakhstan. Despite a high COPD prevalence in the country, no prior studies have investigated long-term dietary effects on COPD risk [1]. To bridge this gap, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan is supporting research via grant OR12165486, titled "National Programme for the Introduction of Personalized and Preventive Medicine in The Republic of Kazakhstan (2021–2023)." This case-control study is part of the funded research.
Aim: We sought to investigate the association between long-term red meat consumption and risk of COPD.
Methods: Conducted in Almaty, our case-control study focused on 609 men aged 30 to 85 years. From 2018 to 2023, participants with an average age of 51.2 years (95% CI 48.1–54.3) were monitored. The evaluation of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption occurred through self-administered surveys in both 2018 and 2023. Notably, the study concentrated solely on non-smokers to ensure robust associations between red meat consumption and COPD.
Results: Among individuals with COPD, key factors associated with the condition included frequent red meat consumption (more than 10 times per month, 84.9%), having a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 (73.6%), consuming over 100 grams of red meat per serving (62.3%), and having less than 100 grams of fresh fruits per serving (52.8%). Conversely, in the control group, significant factors were past-year alcohol consumption (69.2%), frequent red meat intake (more than 10 times per month, 62.9%), consuming over 100 grams of red meat per serving (55.8%), and infrequent consumption of fresh fruits (less than 30 times per month, 52.0%).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that high consumption of red meat, low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, and a preference for fatty foods may increase the risk of COPD among men in Kazakhstan.
... The consumption of calcium salt in 95.4% of COPD patients was lower than that recommended for women and men [22]. Additionally, in the study by Yilmaz et al. [41], the group of COPD patients did not ensure the daily calcium intake in 92.3% of patients. The average calcium intake in the studied COPD patients was 474 ± 311.3 mg and was much lower than in the study by Yilmaz et al. [41], where the average calcium intake was 740.2 ± 310 mg. ...
... Additionally, in the study by Yilmaz et al. [41], the group of COPD patients did not ensure the daily calcium intake in 92.3% of patients. The average calcium intake in the studied COPD patients was 474 ± 311.3 mg and was much lower than in the study by Yilmaz et al. [41], where the average calcium intake was 740.2 ± 310 mg. Insufficient dietary calcium intake of the studied COPD patients may increase the risk of osteoporosis, worsen the prognosis and adversely affect functioning of the respiratory system. ...
Background:
It is the first study in Poland and one of the first in the world to assess the nutrition of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT).
Methods:
The study group consisted of 110 COPD patients treated with LTOT. Anthropometric measurements and spirometry were performed. The diet of patients was assessed using a 3-day nutrition diary.
Results:
When assessing the degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1% N) depending on the BMI in patients treated with LTOT, a statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the BMI and the value of the FEV% N parameter (p = 0.0093). Patients with COPD with a BMI >30 had statistically significantly higher values of FEV1% N than patients with a BMI in the range of 20-24.9 (p = 0.0278). Intake of calcium, vitamins A, C, D, E and folates was lower than the recommended daily intake in more than 95% of COPD patients.
Conclusions:
The diet of COPD patients treated with long-term oxygen therapy was improperly balanced, with deficiencies of important nutrients. Airflow obstruction in the respiratory tract was significantly smaller in obese patients, and greater in patients with diagnosed malnutrition.
... On the one hand, malnutrition is a common problem in individuals with moderate or severe COPD that affects the body composition and food intake of these patients. The percentage of patients who did not meet the daily recommended intake (RNI) is the highest for magnesium (93.8%) in individuals with COPD [17,29,30]. Mg-deficient participants report significantly more problems with mobility, usual activities, discomfort, and muscle strength and exercise performance [13,14,31]. ...
Serum concentrations of magnesium and manganese may be associated with increased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation risk. However, associations with other aspects of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap, pulmonary function test results and health status, have been studied less extensively. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between serum concentrations of trace elements and T lymphocyte subsets, FeNO, and COPD-related questionnaire scores in individuals with ACO and the potential impact of these parameters on lung function. All the patients met the diagnostic criteria of ACO and were divided into two groups (group A, mild-moderate; group B, severe-very severe) by their specific characteristics. Pulmonary function testing and serum Mg and serum Mn and FeNO were measured. Four hundred sixty-five patients were screened, and 42 were included. Group A had significantly higher Mg and Fe concentrations than group B. No significant differences were seen in the serum concentration of any other trace element between the two groups. Serum Mg and Mn were correlated with FEV1% predicted (p < 0.01). Group A had a significantly higher FeNO concentration than group B (p = 0.005). The scores on CAT (p = 0.011) and mMRC (p = 0.008) in group A were lower than in group B. The low-FeNO group had a significantly lower concentration of serum Mg than the high-FeNO group (p = 0.03). Pulmonary function declined faster (p < 0.05) in the low-FeNO group than the high-FeNO group. Serum Mg concentration may indicate protective effects against lung function loss in ACO. This implies that FeNO might be a biomarker for identifying individuals with ACO who might benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Serum Mg and FeNO were associated with ACO severity. However, their role in guiding personalised treatment of individuals with ACO needs to be further investigated.
... miktarlarının önerilen düzeyin altında kalan en yüksek besin öğeleri olduğu görülmüştür. 33 İngiltere' de 2633 hastada yürütülen bir çalışmada, hastalar 9 yıl boyunca takip edilmiştir. Diyetle Mg alımının, kesitsel olarak çalışma başlangıcında ve bitiminde AC fonksiyonu ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu ancak uzunlamasına yapılan analizlerde ilişkili olmadığı bildirilmiştir. ...
A kciğer (AC) hastalıkları; günümüzde ciddiyetleri giderek artan, solunum yol-larını ve AC'i etkileyen bir grup kronik hastalığı ifade eder. En sık rastlanan AC hastalıkları; astım, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), meslek AC has-talıkları ve pulmoner hipertansiyondur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) 2004 yılı verile-rine göre her yıl 3 milyondan fazla insan (dünyadaki tüm ölümlerin %6'sı) KOAH nedeniyle ölmektedir. WHO verilerine göre 235 milyon insanın, çocuklar arasında sık görülen bir hastalık olan astım hastası olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 1 Magnezyum (Mg) vücutta en bol bulunan dördüncü mineraldir. Adenozin trifosfat (ATP) metabolizması için çok önemli olduğu 300'den fazla enzimatik reaksiyon için bir kofaktör olarak kabul edilmiştir. Mg, DNA ve RNA sentezi, üreme ve protein sen-tezi için gereklidir. Ayrıca Mg, kas kasılması, kan basıncı, insülin metabolizması, kalp uyarılabilirliği, vazomotor tonu, sinir iletimi ve nöromüsküler iletimin düzenlenmesi için gereklidir. Serum Mg durumundaki dengesizlikler, özellikle de hipermagnezemi'den daha yaygın olarak görülen hipomagnezemi, istenmeyen nöromüsküler, kalp veya sinir bozuklukları ile sonuçlanabilir. Mg insan vücudundaki birçok fonksiyonu nedeniyle, birçok hastalığın önlenmesinde ve tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynar. 2 Mg, metabolizma 35 Akciğer Hastalıkları ve Magnezyum Lung Diseases and Magnesium ÖZET Magnezyum (Mg), sağlık için elzem bir iyondur ve son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar, yay-gın Mg yetersizliği ve potansiyel ihtiyaca bağlı Mg replasman tedavisinin çeşitli tıbbi durumlarda kul-lanılması ile ilgili kapsamlı kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Batılı ülkelerdeki nüfusun yaklaşık üçte ikisinin diyetle günlük Mg alım miktarı, günlük önerilen alım miktarının altındadır. Günümüzde etki mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamakla birlikte Mg yetersizliğinin hassas bireylerde ağır bronkospazm ile ilişkili olabi-leceği gösterilmektedir. Akciğer (AC) fonksiyonları, zorlu ekspirasyon hacmi (FEV) ve zorlu vital kap-asite (FVC) ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, diyetle alınan Mg düzeyi ile ilişkili olduğu görüşü mevcuttur. Ancak bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar yetersizdir. Bu derleme ile Mg'un AC hastalıklarındaki rolüne genel bir bakış sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Anah tar Ke li me ler: Akciğer hastalıkları; magnezyum; magnezyum yetersizliği ABS TRACT Magnesium (Mg) is an essential ion for health, and recent scientific studies provide comprehensive evidence of widespread magnesium deficiency and the potential need to use Mg replacement therapy in a variety of medical situations. Approximately two-thirds of the population in Western countries receives less than the recommended daily intake of magnesium by diet. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, Mg deficiency may be related with severe bronchospasm in vulnerable individuals. Dietary Mg intake has been repeatedly associated with lung function, as assessed by forced expiratory volume (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Lung and Mg research suffers from a lack of fundamental studies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role of Mg in lung diseases.
... Positive findings of the association of dietary magnesium with muscle mass and FFMI are reported in a number of cross-sectional studies [34][35][36]. Dietary magnesium plays a crucial role in metabolic, neuromuscular, and anti-inflammatory functions that might delay the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength related to age [12]. Any change in magnesium status might be a risk factor for muscle depletion, because skeletal muscle mass is the largest store of magnesium in the body [37,38]. ...
Background:
The development of effective nutritional supports for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is still challenging. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of daily consumption of fortified whey on inflammation, muscle mass, functionality, and quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.
Methods:
A single-blind, randomized trial study was performed on patients with COPD (n = 46). Participants in the intervention group (n = 23) daily received 250 ml of whey beverage fortified with magnesium and vitamin C for 8 weeks. Any changes in inflammatory cytokines (including interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)) were the primary outcomes and the secondary outcomes were fat-free mass, handgrip strength, malnutrition, glutathione and malondialdehyde serum concentrations, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Body composition and muscle strength were measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and hydraulic hand dynamometer, respectively. Fat-free mass index (FFMI) was also calculated.
Results:
At the end of the study, 44 patients were analyzed. There were significant decreases in IL-6 concentrations in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, FFMI, body protein, and handgrip strength increased significantly in the intervention group with significant changes between two groups. Moreover, improvement in health-related quality of life was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in other study variables.
Conclusions:
This novel nutritional intervention decreased inflammatory cytokines levels, improved indices of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength, and ultimately, increased HRQoL in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. Thus, it is suggested to do further studies to assess the effects of nutrition intervention on COPD progression.
Trial registration:
IR.SUMS.REC.1396.85 ( https://www.irct.ir/ ).
... Lung function has an impact on nutritional status, as both BMI and FFMI values are poorer in the more severe COPD stages than in patients with mild disease (36). Analysis of dietary intakes in patients with moderate to severe COPD showed that patients with low FFMI had lower mean energy intakes than patients with normal FFMI, related to lower daily consumption of dairy products and red meat (37). In this study, patients with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction (a hallmark of COPD) had few symptoms, suggesting a low impact on overall nutritional status, as confirmed by BIA and FFMI comparisons between subjects. ...
Exposure to organic dusts is an independent causative factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Unhealthy dietary patterns have been associated with poor lung function in smokers. This study investigated whether dietary patterns were associated with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction, a hallmark of COPD, in dairy farmers exposed to organic dusts.
All subjects were identified by screening programs and patients with airflow obstruction were matched with subjects with normal spirometry. Six groups were compared, defined by their exposures (non-smoking dairy farmers, smokers ≥ 10 pack-years with no occupational exposure, and smoking dairy farmers) and the presence or absence of post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction, resulting in 321 study subjects. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score was calculated based on an adapted food frequency questionnaire.
Mean total AHEI scores were similar in all groups. Comparison between smokers with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction and subjects with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction related to occupational exposure found minimal differences in dietary patterns: dairy farmers had lower scores for the ratio of white to red meat and higher scores for cereal fiber consumption. As in previous studies, smokers with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction exhibited higher lipid intakes and lower carbohydrate intakes than their counterparts with normal spirometry.
No evidence of any meaningful difference in dietary patterns was found between subjects with post-bronchodilator airway obstruction detected by screening and healthy controls, either in dairy farmers or in smokers with no occupational exposure.
... Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis and severe airway disease in COPD. In previous studies, FEV 1 was found to be lower in malnourished patients [16,17]. In our study, we found a positive correlation between the NRS-2002 test results and the FEV 1 % values. ...
Objectives:
Dyspnea is a prominent symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage C-D often complain of dyspnea, but the relationship between their level of dyspnea and their nutritional status has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dyspnea levels and nutritional status ofstable COPD patients in the out patient clinic.
Materials and methods:
Medical records including the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale and the nutritional status of 41 patients were investigated in the study. The meanage of patients was 71.7±9.2 years. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) tool, body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper arm circumference were used to evaluate their nutritional status. We used correlation analysis to display the relationship between NRS-2002 score and MRC, COPD stage, and biochemical and anthropometric parameters indicating the nutritional status of patients.
Results:
Out of the 41 COPD patients 87.8% (36) enrolled in the study were men and 12.2% (5) were women. The GOLD stages of the patients were 29.3% of patients with stage C and 70.7% with stage D. The risk of malnutrition (NRS ≥3) was detected in 48.8% of the patients, whereas 51.2% of patients (NRS<3) were risk-free. The mid-upper arm circumference of at risk patients was lower (25.6±3.2 vs 29.9±2.7 cm, p=0.032). The NRS-2002 score had a positive correlation with mMRC records (r=0.351, p=0.024). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the NRS-2002 score and the mid-upper arm circumference (r=0.604, p<0.0001). Also, there was a negative correlation between BMI and mid-upper arm circumference (r=0.699, p<0.0001).
Conclusion:
The risk of malnutrition was common in stable COPD patients at the outpatient clinic, which seemed to adversely affect their dyspnea level. Therefore, while planning the treatment of COPD patients, evaluating their nutritional status and taking precautions accordingly contribute to the shortness of breath which is one of the most significant symptoms of the disease.
... Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis and severe airway disease in COPD. In previous studies, FEV 1 was found to be lower in malnourished patients [16,17]. In our study, we found a positive correlation between the NRS-2002 test results and the FEV 1 % values. ...
BACKGROUND:Patients with GOLD Stage 3-4 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often complain of dyspnea, but the relationship between their nutritional status and dyspnea level has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dyspnea level and nutritional status in stable COPD patients. METHODS: Demographic data, mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea Scale and nutritional status of 41 patients with a mean age of 71.7±9.2 years were enrolled in the study. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) tool, body mass index (BMI) and mid upper arm circumference were used to evaluate their nutritional status. The correlation analysis was used for the relationship between mMRC and nutritional status variables. RESULTS:Out of the 41 COPD patients 87.8% (36) were men, and 12.2% (5) were women. GOLD stage 3 and 4 were detected in 29.3% and 70.7% respectively. At risk of malnutrition (NRS≥3) were 48.8% of the 41 COPD patients, whereas 51.2% (NRS≤2) were not. Mid upper arm circumference of malnourished patients was lower (p=0.032). The NRS-2002 had a strong positive correlation with mMRC (r=0.351, p=0.024). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between NRS-2002 and mid upper arm circumference (p<0.0001). Also there was BMI and mid upper arm circumference (r=0,699, p<0.0001).CONCLUSION: COPD patients were found to have a high risk of malnutrition that adversely affects their dyspnea. Therefore, the evaluation of the nutritional status of COPD patients should be an integral part of their clinical treatment plans.
... COPD (33)(34)(35)(36) . However, in most of these studies, subjects were stable outpatients. ...
... This is of importance as a higher BMI and a higher FFMI are related to better survival and more favourable health outcomes in COPD patients (31,43,50,51) . In a study by Yilmaz et al. (36) , similar energy and protein intakes was observed in patients with low and normal FFMI (7406 (SD 1414) v. 8104 (SD 2535) kJ (1770 (SD 338) v. 1937 (SD 606) kcal), P = 0·478 and 68·4 (SD 15·4) v. 73·7 (SD 26·7) g, P = 0·946) (36) . In contrast, a study by Van de Bool et al. (34) showed that COPD patients with low FFMI had a higher energy intake than patients with normal FFMI (9084 (95 % CI 7385, 11494) v. 8297 (95 % CI 6820, 10176) kJ; P = 0·001) and the protein intake per kg body weight was higher in subjects with low FFMI (1·0 g; 95 % CI 0·8, 1·3 v. 1·3 g; 95 % CI 1·0, 1·8, P < 0·001). ...
... This is of importance as a higher BMI and a higher FFMI are related to better survival and more favourable health outcomes in COPD patients (31,43,50,51) . In a study by Yilmaz et al. (36) , similar energy and protein intakes was observed in patients with low and normal FFMI (7406 (SD 1414) v. 8104 (SD 2535) kJ (1770 (SD 338) v. 1937 (SD 606) kcal), P = 0·478 and 68·4 (SD 15·4) v. 73·7 (SD 26·7) g, P = 0·946) (36) . In contrast, a study by Van de Bool et al. (34) showed that COPD patients with low FFMI had a higher energy intake than patients with normal FFMI (9084 (95 % CI 7385, 11494) v. 8297 (95 % CI 6820, 10176) kJ; P = 0·001) and the protein intake per kg body weight was higher in subjects with low FFMI (1·0 g; 95 % CI 0·8, 1·3 v. 1·3 g; 95 % CI 1·0, 1·8, P < 0·001). ...
