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... human hearing system is composed of the outer, middle and inner ear 1 . See Figure 1. Sound undergoes several transformations as it passes through these towards the brain. ...
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... operation of a typical four-channel cochlear implant is shown in Figure 11. Analogue sound from the microphone is processed into four frequency bands by a set of bandpass filters. ...
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... electrode is connected by a separate teflon insulated wire to a connector contained in a carbon percutaneous (through the skull) pedestal. See Figure 13 showing the electrodes and position on skull. The electrodes are stimulated by wires plugging into the percutaneous link from a separate processing unit 27 . ...
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... do the stimulation points form a regular view array. Figure 15 shows the mapping of electrode pins to phosphenes observed in visual space. A useable 'image' can be produced by re-mapping the stimulation points using some correction algorithm. ...
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... yet no devices have been implanted, but it is hoped that due to the spatial organisation of the retina, a good correlation between stimulation region and perceived image can be obtained. See Figure 16. The parts of the prototype device is shown in Figure 17. ...
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... Figure 16. The parts of the prototype device is shown in Figure 17. The implanted device is comprised of three parts: the electrode array, a flat polyimide strip extended over the centre (macula) of the retina; the stimulator chip; and a photodiode array. ...
Citations
... Alpha waves have a frequency between 8 and 13Hz (Ward J. A., 2000;Kirschfeld, 2005) and arise from synchronous and coherent (in phase) electrical activity of extensive groups of neurons. They are alternatively known as Berger's waves, named in honor of the EEG's founder. ...
Creativity, originating from the Latin term creare, “to create”, involves generating
both novel and useful work. It stimulates innovation and fosters original ideas
transformed into real solutions via new ventures. Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in
our current society, contributes to job creation, and productivity, driving environmental
and human progress. This study analyses creativity and entrepreneurial orientation, which is closely related to startup creation, with the aim to thoroughly understand the potential factors that influence them. The experiment focuses on 73 participants whose brain activity was recorded with EEG in a resting state and with eyes closed. The results show a significant relationship between alpha wave synchronization in the low frequency band (8 to 10.5 Hz) and creativity, particularly in the occipital, frontotemporal, and right centroparietal regions. Furthermore, this research reveals that self-perceived creativity, risk propensity, and self-efficacy predict entrepreneurial orientation. Collectively, these elements account for 60.2% of the variance observed in entrepreneurial orientation. Thus, resting states relate to higher creativity and, when accompanied with self-efficacy and risk appetite, it could eventually facilitate individuals to have a more entrepreneurial mindset and contribute to the establishment of new businesses. This research introduces a new multidisciplinary approach by combining EEG measurements with self-reported surveys, yielding valuable findings for three antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation. Society, business, government, and educational institutions can leverage these insights and cultivate creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurial orientation in individuals, ultimately leading to new firm creation and economic growth.
