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In The present paper, we study numerically the cooling system of a solar panel under concentration. For this three cooling cases are chosen. The first case consists of a vertical rectangular cavity of length 0.15 m which contains 8 solar cells. In the second case, the rectangular cavity is assumed to be horizontal with a length of 0.2 m comprising...
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... The physical problem depicted in Figure 1 was chosen in light of previous work on optimizing nano-fluid cooling of high-concentration solar panels. 48 The model includes a cross-shaped cavity of (H × L) dimensions, filled with a hybrid (Al 2 O 3 -Cu)/water nano-fluid, and a stationary twodimensional forced convection problem. There are 12 cells along the cavity's top horizontal wall and 8 along its left vertical side, all of which are solar panels. ...
The phenomena of turbulent forced convection were investigated in a cross-shaped enclosure with an (Al 2 O 3-Cu)/water hybrid nano-fluid. This design aims to solve the problem of overheating concentrated solar panels due to crossed solar cells in semiarid climates. The cavity's upper horizontal and left vertical walls are kept at high temperatures, while the lower flat and suitable vertical walls are considered adiabatic. The cavity contains two inlets and one outlet. Using the finite element method, we solved the equations that controlled our situation and defined the expected turbulent flow regime for Reynolds values between 4000 and 20000. Additionally, the effects of various hybrid nano-fluid concentrations (ranging from 0% to 2%) were assessed. The optimal settings were found to raise the average Nusselt number, decrease the temperature, and improve cell efficiency. The efficiency of concentrated solar panels increased from 30.684% at Re = 4000 to 32.438% at Re = 20000 due to improved cooling.
... A rise in temperature of a solar CPV cell results in a considerable reduction in performance. The effectiveness of a CPV system can be increased by the introduction of an appropriate thermal management or cooling system [13]. There are a variety of methods [14][15] that have been developed to prevent the deterioration of solar cells, to maintain them within a temperature range that is suitable for them, and to reach an acceptable level of system efficiency. ...
... These materials include oxide ceramics (Al2O3,CuO), nitride ceramics (AlN,SiN), carbide ceramics (SiC,TiC), metals (Cu,Ag,Au), semiconductors (TiO2,SiC), carbon nanotubes; and composite materials such as alloyed nanoparticles. However Because of their one-of-a-kind thermo-physical characteristics and the manner in which they conduct heat transfer [13], nano-fluids have been the focus of a lot of attention over the past ten years. Experiments have demonstrated that the use of nano-fluids may increase thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer by significant margins [14,15], and critical heat flow by up to 300%f [17,18]. ...
... Optimal cooling of solar panels is crossed geometry [13] due to the ideal position of the intersection cell, which is cooling with the passage of the nano fluid at the same time, which confirms the dominance of the convection phenomenon, and consequently a good cooling. ...
The light obtained from the Sun is a renewable source of energy which is free from environmental pollution and noise. It can easily replace the energy drawn from the non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels and petroleum deposits inside the earth. In this paper a hybrid model of concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technology based solar panel is proposed. This hybrid model is integrated with automatic dual axis solar tracking system, nano-fluid cooling and automatic dust cleaning system for improving its efficiency. Efficiency of solar panel can be improved by using solar tracker with CPV panel which continuously tracks sunlight throughout the day to get maximum solar energy. Second method to improve the efficiency is dust cleaning. Dust is barrier between sunlight and solar panel. Third method is cooling technique. As panel temperature increases output voltage of solar panel decreases so cooling of panel is necessary for improvement of efficiency.
... Different cooling techniques, such as the active and passive cooling technique, are implemented by different researchers for cooling the PV panel. In the active cooling technique, nanofluids (NFs), H 2 O, etc. used for cooling on the other hand PCM (phase change materials) like organic materials, paraffin wax, cotton wick, etc. are used for cooling purposes in the passive cooling technique [14,[31][32][33]. Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems are introduced to provide both electrical and thermal energy at the same time, with high efficiencies. ...
Having the wide application of metal oxides in energy technologies, in recent years, many researchers tried to increase the performance of the PV/T system by using metal oxide-based nanofluids (NFs) as coolants or optical filters or both at the same time. This paper summarizes recent research activities on various metal oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, Fe3O4, CuO, ZnO, MgO)-based NFs performance in the PV/T system regarding different significant parameters, e.g., thermal conductivity, volume fraction, mass flowrate, electrical, thermal and overall efficiency, etc. By conducting a comparative study among the metal oxide-based NFs, Al2O3/SiO2-water NFs are mostly used to achieve maximum performance. The Al2O3-water NF has a prominent heat transfer feature with a maximum electrical efficiency of 17%, and a maximum temperature reduction of PV module of up to 36.9°C can be achieved by using the Al2O3-water NF as a coolant. Additionally, studies suggest that the PV cell’s efficiency of up to 30% can be enhanced by using a solar tracking system. Besides, TiO2-water NFs have been proved to have the highest thermal efficiency of 86% in the PV/T system, but TiO2 nanoparticles could be hazardous for human health. As a spectral filter, SiO2-water NF at a size of 5 nm and a volume fraction of 2% seems to be very favorable for PV/T systems. Studies show that the combined use of NFs as coolants and spectral filters in the PV/T system could provide a higher overall efficiency at a cheaper rate. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of using NFs in PV/T systems are also discussed.
