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The normal skin is composed of three layers: 1) epidermis, 2) dermis, 3) the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Each layer has a complex structure and function. The keratinocytes of the epidermis are arranged in four layers: 1) stratum germinatum, 2) stratum spinosum, 3) stratum granulosum, and 4) stratum corneum
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Background: The HSV-2, is a widespread viral pathogen. It has been described as an important etiological agent in uterus and during the intrapartum period in pregnant women.
Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies among pregnant women in Kirkuk city. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study (M.Sc. Thesis) was conducted in Kirku...
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Context 1
... another investigation Sanders and Hochland (1983) reported that there were modest decreases in LDL concentration for the normal subjects who received (< 20 g/d) of fish oil after 4 weeks of treatment (10), similar findings were reported by Negakawa et al (1983) and Zucker et al (1988) (11, ...
Context 2
... was insignificant correlation between DAS 28 and Larsen score compared to serum levels of resistin in RA (p=0.207, p=0.735, respectively) (p>0.05). The demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings of all the studied groups are demonstrated in Table 1. Table 2 shows correlations of serum resistin levels with clinical and laboratory data in SLE and RA patients. While, Table 3 and Figure 1 reveal correlation of serum resistin levels in SLE, RA patients and ...
Context 3
... the present study, serum triglycerides were significantly reduced in hyperlipidemic and normal rats treated with omega-3 at the dose of (15mg/kg) for a single dose and (30mg/ kg) for a double dose after 4 weeks of treatment. This result is in agreement with another study by Harris et al (1983) who found that omega-3 significantly reduced serum triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients by 25 % to 35 % after 12 weeks of therapy (9). Similar findings were reported by Sanders and Hochland (1983), Negakawa et al. (1983) and Zucker et al. (1988) (10, 11, 12) who found that fish oil (< 20 g/d) induced a marked decrease in triglyceride concentration in hyperlipidemic ...
Context 4
... letters indicate the significance of the result (P<0.05). Effect of different doses of omega-3 (15mg/kg) and (30mg/kg) on the lipid profile of normal rats (n=18) * (P<0.05) when compared to control group ...
Context 5
... 2 shows correlations of serum resistin levels with clinical and laboratory data in SLE and RA patients. While, Table 3 and Figure 1 reveal correlation of serum resistin levels in SLE, RA patients and controls. ...
Context 6
... letters indicate the significance of the result (P<0.05). Effect of different doses of omega-3 (15mg/kg) and (30mg/kg) on the lipid profile of normal rats (n=18) * (P<0.05) when compared to control group ...
Context 7
... result is in agreement with another study by Harris et al (1983) who found that omega-3 significantly reduced serum triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients by 25 % to 35 % after 12 weeks of therapy (9). Similar findings were reported by Sanders and Hochland (1983), Negakawa et al. (1983) and Zucker et al. (1988) (10, 11, 12) who found that fish oil (< 20 g/d) induced a marked decrease in triglyceride concentration in hyperlipidemic patients. ...
Context 8
... another investigation Sanders and Hochland (1983) reported that there were modest decreases in LDL concentration for the normal subjects who received (< 20 g/d) of fish oil after 4 weeks of treatment (10), similar findings were reported by Negakawa et al (1983) and Zucker et al (1988) (11, 12). ...
Similar publications
Herpes simplex virus type 1, or HSV-1, is a widespread human pathogen that replicates in epithelial cells of the body surface and then establishes latent infection in peripheral neurons. When HSV-1 replicates, viral progeny must be efficiently released to spread infection to new target cells. Viral spread occurs via two major routes. In cell-cell s...
Background:
Despite the significant decline in the prevalence of HIV in Tanzania, the prevalence rates in Mbeya, Iringa, and Njombe regions are higher than the national average and have remained stable for years. The current stable HIV prevalence may be driven by factors such as a high incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and high-r...
Background:
Little is known about viral co-infections in African human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. We examined the prevalence of seromarkers for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among HIV-infected, antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve children in Lilongwe, Malawi....
Herpes viruses (HSV) are among the most common viruses that infect humans. They cause blisters and inflammation of the oral and genital mucosa as well as severe symptoms such as blindness, hearing impairment and fatal encephalitis. Although acyclovir (ACV) and its derivatives are highly effective in treating recurrent lytic infections, the emergenc...
Background: HSV-2 is thought to considered as the major sexual transmitted pathogen,which may cause severe complications is spontaneous abortion. Objective: This study was carried out to detect the rate of HSV-2 infection in women with spontaneous abortion by HSV-2 Ags ELISA kit. Materials and methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 pregnant...
Citations
... ELISA can be used to detect type-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood serum [4] because the existence of particular antibodies offers evidence of HSV-1, HSV-2, or HSV-1 and HSV-2 coinfection. In clinical management of HSV infection, Acyclovir, Famcyclovir and Pencyclovir have demonstrated increased efficacy [9]. Besides clinical management, public enlightenment to achieve prevention of infection of HSV should be mounted as currently there is low awareness of the infection among the Nigerian population. ...
A source of comprehensive information on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can help researchers and policymakers address HSV related burden in the society. At the moment, this is not readily available. This study aims to fill this gap by attempting to estimate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in Nigeria on the basis of published data. A systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional studies on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Nigeria was conducted. Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS and African Index Medicus were searched for English Language publications on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seven relevant publications were identified. Seroprevalence measures of 3 and 23 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalences for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 74.0% (37.4–99.4%) and 63.4% (56.1–70.4%) respectively. The mean seroprevalence of HSV-1 was higher among females, 82.4% (n = 509, CI, 36.6–100.0%), than males, 54.5% (n = 198, CI, 47.6–61.4%). The mean seroprevalence of HSV-2 were 51.8% (n = 1414, CI: 39.4–64.0%) and 86.5% (n = 162, CI: 80.8–91.3%) among healthy and clinical populations, respectively. The study was limited by the paucity of quality studies, variations in diagnostic methods and high heterogeneity in seroprevalence estimates. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 remain high in Nigeria. Large and representative national epidemiological surveys covering all regions and specific groups are recommended.
... Direct DNA virus detection can be performed using Liquid or in situ hybridization and then PCR. ELIZA can be used for serum IgG and IgM (11). Clinical management of the infection includes preventive strategies for viral transmission as well as antiviral treatment. ...
... Acyclovir has been shown to be a good choice for effective treatment. Another anti-HSV2 drugs are Famcyclovir and local pencyclovir (11). ...
Background
Seroepidemiologic studies indicate a high prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. This infection leads to ophthalmic, dermatologic, oral, neurologic, vaginal and cervical problems. Different studies have been carried out to estimate the HSV seroprevalence in Iran. Combining the results of these studies would be useful for health policy-making.
Objective
This study aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of HSV infection using meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods
Using relevant keywords, national and international data banks were searched. Restricting the search strategy, excluding duplicates and investigating the titles and abstracts, relevant articles were identified. To increase the search sensitivity, the lists of references were investigated. To find un-published studies, specialized experts as well as research centers were interviewed. The heterogeneity between the results was assessed using Cochrane test and I-squared indicator. The pooled prevalence of HSV infection was estimated using random effects model.
Results
We recruited 33 eligible papers investigated 7762 individuals. The total prevalences (95% confidence intervals) of HSV1, HSV2 and HSV infections were estimated as of 42.04% (20.9-63.1), 6.5% (4.7-8.2) and 25.7% (8.8-42.5) respectively.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis showed that the HSV2 seroprevalence among Iranian people is considerably lower than HSV1 infection.
... ELISA can be used to detect type-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood serum [4] because the existence of particular antibodies offers evidence of HSV-1, HSV-2, or HSV-1 and HSV-2 coinfection. In clinical management of HSV infection, Acyclovir, Famcyclovir and Pencyclovir have demonstrated increased efficacy [9]. Besides clinical management, public enlightenment to achieve prevention of infection of HSV should be mounted as currently there is low awareness of the infection among the Nigerian population. ...
Disease outbreaks due to Salmonella spp and Shigella spp have continued to pose serious veterinary and public heath problems. Salmonella is a leading cause of food poisoning in humans, while both are responsible for various diseases of livestock resulting in high morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp in free range chickens and turkeys in Nsukka area and to determine the antibiogram profile of the isolates. A total of 150 cloacae samples comprising of 100 from free range chickens and 50 from free range turkeys were collected from various farms and markets in Nsukka metropolis. The samples were subjected to pre-enrichment in buffer peptone water for 20-24 h at 37oC, then to selective enrichment in tetrathionate broth for 22 - 24 h at 37oC. Aliquots of the enrichment broth were screened on plates of Salmonella-Shigella agar and purified on plates of MacConkey agar. Presumptive Salmonella and Shigella colonies were subjected to biochemical assays. Salmonella spp and Shigella spp had a equal prevalence of 5.3%. Salmonella spp and Shigella spp were recovered from 6(6%) and 4(4%) respectively of the 100 free range chickens and 2(4%) and 4(8%) respectively of the 50 free range turkeys. The antimicrobial analyses showed that the isolates were very sensitive to ciprofloxacin (87.5%), while the highest resistance was against septrin (93.8%). This study has shown that free range chickens and turkeys in Nsukka harbor Salmonella spp and Shigella spp. Thus any plan for the control of these pathogens in poultry should not be limited to intensive reared poultry alone but should also include those reared through the free range system.
Keywords: Salmonella spp. Shigella spp, Freerange, Chickens, Turkeys, Antibiogram
... The result of this study revealed that herpes was (90.0%) in one time of abortion, while in two time of abortion(10%), relative to three time(0.0%).This result agrees with Abdulla K.A. in Kirkuk/ Iraq(2014), mentioned the rate in one time abortion 17.27 % and 3.64 % in two and three abortions or more [192].It also agrees with Mohammed J. et al., in waste province/Iraq(2011), who found the percentage of number of abortion , the higher percent of one abortion see in women seropostivity for HSV IgM (65.2%) [178]. ...
Descriptive cross-sectional study conduct on a sample of (260)
aborted women suffering from abortion referred by the specialist doctor to
the emergency or wards, the age of these women were ranging between (15-
44) years and the study began from February/2014 until July/2014.
This study deals with two categories: the first one is to detect the
seroprevalence infection in the blood of aborted women by detecting the level
of Immunoglobulin antibodies (IgM). The second one is to determine if the
associated factors with infection.
The results showed that the percentage of IgM antibodies as follows,
Seropositivity rate of toxoplasma (21.2%), Rubella virus(18.5%),
Cytomegalo virus(15.4%), Herpes simplex II (7.7%), and the highest rate of
abortion recorded with the Toxoplasma.
Regarding the age groups, it has been found that the seropositivity
was higher in the age group (21-24) years compared with other age groups, and
the primary education proportion larger than the other. Regarding occupation
has been showing that the percentage of housewives are(78.5%), most of
the inhabitant of the city, low socio economic level(55.4%). The majority
of women attending private clinics where at the rate of (60.4%), Most
women suffer from bleeding and pain, most cases of abortion recorded in
the first trimester (78.5%). The highest rate of abortions was incomplete and
missed abortion (38.8%), (31.54%) respectively. The study recommends conducting serological tests for pregnant women and women of childbearing
age and attention to culture, health hygiene, ways of transmission, and its
effect on the health of the mothers
