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The most important features in fingerprints The previous features are classified into three types [17]: 1. The interleaved valley's and ridge Figures (2 and 3), such as; arch, whole, loop, etc. 2. The ridge bifurcation and termination known as minutiae.

The most important features in fingerprints The previous features are classified into three types [17]: 1. The interleaved valley's and ridge Figures (2 and 3), such as; arch, whole, loop, etc. 2. The ridge bifurcation and termination known as minutiae.

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Figure 1: The most important features in fingerprints The previous...
Table 1 : Box counting dimension for the fingerprint with different sizes
Figure 2: The singularities (loops, delta, and whorl)
Fingerprints Authentication Using Grayscale Fractal Dimension
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Characterizing of visual objects is an important role in pattern recognition that can be performed through shape analysis. Several approaches have been introduced to extract relevant information of a shape. The complexity of the shape is the most widely used approach for this purpose where fractal dimension and generalized fractal dimension are met...
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... details of the fingerprints that mentioned is basically can be classified by Sir Francis [16] as shown in Figure 1, which is called Minutiae. 3. Ridge attributes as a permanent detail, such as breaks, ridge width, scars, shape, and width. ...

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