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![The molecular structure of: (A) mangiferin [45]; and (B) mangiferin aglycone [46].](publication/304608490/figure/fig1/AS:381755115753472@1468028920560/The-molecular-structure-of-A-mangiferin-45-and-B-mangiferin-aglycone-46.png)
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![Figure 1. The molecular structure of: (A) mangiferin [45]; and (B)...](publication/304608490/figure/fig1/AS:381755115753472@1468028920560/The-molecular-structure-of-A-mangiferin-45-and-B-mangiferin-aglycone-46_Q320.jpg)
Mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families and found in mangoes and honeybush tea, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential. This review focuses on the effect of mangiferin on: (1) inflammation, wi...
Citations
... Hesperidin activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting excessive autophagy in mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (Li et al., 2016). Both compounds exhibit a range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer properties, as previously reviewed (Gold-Smith et al., 2016;Roohbakhsh et al., 2015). ...
... Mangiferin has been demonstrated to reduce inflammation, cause cell cycle arrest, decrease proliferation/ metastasis, promote apoptosis in cancer cells, and protect against deoxynucleic acid (DNA) damage and oxidative stress (Gold-Smith et al., 2016). Hesperidin was shown to inhibit tumor growth by targeting a number of cellular proteins simultaneously, including caspases, leading to the induction of apoptosis, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis, thus interfering at several stages of cancer (Roohbakhsh et al., 2015). ...
... A similar trend was noticed for both aqueous extracts in HT-29 cells; while no difference was noticed for the HepG2 cells treated with ACsub, ACgen was less active in inhibiting cell proliferation.The high levels of xanthones and benzophenones in the C.genistoides extracts compared to the C. subternata extracts may explain their relatively high IC 50 values for reduction of cell viability in HepG2 cells, suggesting protection against the reduction in cell viability. Mangiferin was reported to exhibit anticancer properties(Gold-Smith et al., 2016). In the present study, mangiferin lacked any effect on cell viability or proliferation in the cancer cells, despite being tested at concentration levels that were far above its equivalent concentration based on the IC 50 values of the extracts. ...
The anti‐cancer potential of Cyclopia species (honeybush) has been demonstrated in several models. The present study investigated the effects of aqueous and polyphenol‐enriched (PE) extracts of C. subternata and C. genistoides, as well as mangiferin and hesperidin, on different cell growth parameters in human liver (HepG2) and colon (HT‐29) cancer cells. Mangiferin and hesperidin were most abundant in C. genistoides and C. subternata, respectively. Cyclopia subternata extracts had the highest ferric‐reducing antioxidant capacity. Following exposure of the cells to the extracts and compounds, cell viability, proliferation, and death (apoptosis and autophagy) were determined. Cyclopia subternata extracts reduced cell viability and inhibited cell proliferation the most, associated with depletion of ATP. In HepG2 cells, the PE extracts were less effective than the aqueous extracts in reducing cell viability but more effective in inhibiting cell proliferation. Despite disrupting cell growth, none of the extracts induced apoptosis. The aqueous extracts affected autophagy in both cancer cells. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity by the different extracts, presumably via polyphenol/iron interactions, is postulated to be involved; however, mangiferin and hesperidin had no effect, suggesting that other polyphenols and/or complex interactions between compounds are likely responsible for the differential cytotoxic and/or cytoprotective effects of the extracts.
... Global production of mango fruits reaches 55-56 million tons, of which Nigeria is one of the major producers in Africa [1,2] . The fruits are rich sources of several important nutrients for humans; medicinally, the fruit is known to contain essential antioxidants such as polyphenols and mangiferin, which are of supreme health benefit to humans [3,4] . Mango production in Nigeria is seasonal, with certain varieties adapted to specific regions of the country. ...
Post-harvest spoilage of fruits and vegetables caused by fungal pathogens is a serious challenge to fruit production in many parts of the world. The study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of fungal pathogens associated with post-harvest rot of mango fruits to crude extracts from two edible plants, Allium sativum and Ocimum gratissimum, in the study area. Five different fungal isolates were isolated from diseased mango fruits collected from fruit stores in the study area and identified as Aspergillus spp. (M1), Rhizopus spp. (M2), Fusarium spp. (M3), Penicillium spp. (M4), Fusarium spp. (M5), Penicillium spp. (M6), Aspergillus spp. (M7), and Colletotrichum spp. (M8) using radial growth rate and morphological features of the mycelia. A constant concentration of each of the crude extracts was applied to the growth media containing the growing cultures of the fungal isolates. The radial extension of the colonies for each isolate was measured along pre-marked perpendicular axes on the base of the petri-dish after 24 h and this continued for 10-14 days. It was observed that Rhizopus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Colletotrichum spp. had the least growth rate when treated with the extracts.
... Interestingly, in conformity with our work, it was previously reported that the naturally occurring xanthone C-glycoside mangiferin also inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of distinct cancers [28]. cells, a wound healing assay was performed. ...
Simple Summary
DNA repair inhibition constitutes a promising anticancer strategy, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). XGAc is a xanthonoside previously described as a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of XGAc in TNBC, ovarian cancer and PDAC cells, either alone or in combination with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib. XGAc exhibits antiproliferative activity in TNBC, ovarian cancer and PDAC cells, also proving to be effective against patient-derived ovarian cancer cells and drug-resistant cancer cells. XGAc inhibited cancer cell migration, induced apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest, and triggered genotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of homologous recombination DNA repair proteins in TNBC, ovarian cancer and PDAC cells. Importantly, XGAc displayed synergistic effects with olaparib, demonstrating its potential in combination therapy. Altogether, XGAc reveals itself to be a valuable anticancer agent for hard-to-treat cancers.
Abstract
Dysregulation of the DNA damage response may contribute to the sensitization of cancer cells to DNA-targeting agents by impelling cell death. In fact, the inhibition of the DNA repair pathway is considered a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, particularly in combination with standard-of-care agents. The xanthonoside XGAc was previously described as a potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth. Herein, we explored its antitumor activity against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells as a single agent and in combination with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib. We demonstrated that XGAc inhibited the growth of TNBC, ovarian and PDAC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. XGAc also induced genotoxicity, inhibiting the expression of DNA repair proteins particularly involved in homologous recombination, including BRCA1, BRCA2 and RAD51. Moreover, it displayed potent synergistic effects with olaparib in TNBC, ovarian cancer and PDAC cells. Importantly, this growth inhibitory activity of XGAc was further reinforced in a TNBC spheroid model and in patient-derived ovarian cancer cells. Also, drug-resistant cancer cells showed no cross-resistance to XGAc. Additionally, the ability of XGAc to prevent cancer cell migration was evidenced in TNBC, ovarian cancer and PDAC cells. Altogether, these results highlight the great potential of acetylated xanthonosides such as XGAc as promising anticancer agents against hard-to-treat cancers.
... Moreover, it has been broadly described that mangiferin offers an extensive plethora of useful potential such as hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects [11,12]. Furthermore, the anti-cancer activity of mangiferin is documented through modulation of cell signaling pathways [13]. Furthermore, its synergistic role with anticancer drugs has been reported through the enhancement of anti-cancer drug efficacies [14]. ...
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide in terms of mortality. The exact reason behind the development of cancer is not understood clearly, but it is evidenced that alcohol consumption, radiation, and exposure to chemicals are main players in this pathogenesis. The current mode of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are effective, but, still, cancer is a major problem leading to death and other side effects. However, safer and effective treatment modules are needed to overcome the adverse effects of current treatment modules. In this regard, natural compounds have been recognized to ameliorate diseases by exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor potential through several mechanisms. Mangiferin, a xanthone C-glucoside, is found in several plant species including Mangifera indica (mango), and its role in disease prevention has been confirmed through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, its anti-cancer-potential mechanism has been designated through modulation of cell signaling pathways such as inflammation, angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, and cell cycle. This article extensively reviews the anticancer potential of mangiferin in different cancers through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. Moreover, the synergistic effects of this compound with some commonly used anti-cancer drugs against different cancer cells are discussed. More clinical trials should be performed to reconnoiter the anti-cancer potential of this compound in human cancer treatment. Further, understanding of mechanisms of action and the safety level of this compound can help to manage diseases, including cancer.
... Mangiferin has evolved to be an important molecule of interest due to the plethora of important biological activities it possesses [4][5][6]. For instance, it has renoprotective [7], radioprotective [8], cardioprotective [9,10], immunomodulatory [11,12], antidiabetic [13], anti-inflammatory [14], anticancer [15,16], and antiviral activities [17][18][19]. An isomer, isomangiferin (4-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), was isolated from the aerial parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides [20]. ...
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) is popular for the quality of its wood. However, its leaf, stem bark and root bark have been popular in ethnomedicine and, apart from the inflorescence, have been subject of extensive phytochemical investigations. In this study, two compounds were isolated from the crude methanol extract of the inflorescence. Through data from UV, NMR, MS, electrochemical studies, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, the structures were elucidated as 3-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1) and 2-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (mangiferin, 2). They were assessed for antioxidant efficacy (DCFDA assay) and for anti-inflammatory efficacy using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in the RAW 264.7 macrophages (nitrite levels quantified, using Griess Assay, as surrogate for nitric oxide (NO)). Compound 1 (named ceibinin) was established as a novel positional isomer of mangiferin (2). While both 1 and 2 were antioxidant against basal and hydrogen peroxide (100 μM)-induced oxidative stress (6.25 μg/ml abrogated peroxide-induced oxidative stress), ceibinin (1) demonstrated no anti-inflammatory potential, unlike mangiferin (2) which, as previously reported, showed anti-inflammatory effect. Our work reports a positional isomer of mangiferin for the first time in C. pentandra and demonstrates how such isomerism could underlie differences in biological activities and thus the potential for development into therapeutics.
... Eczema, fungal infections, benign tumours, and viral warts can all be considered skin disorders or diseases. Age-related factors may also play a role in other skin conditions, such as acne, atopic dermatitis, wounds, skin cancer, psoriasis, and iatrogenic dermatitis [7]. Numerous skin conditions affect people. ...
... The current TNF production and action situation is the focus of rash that curcumin was explained restricts irritability using a subsequent constricting method that interferes with the signaling process between the allure receptor and TNF-. In addition, curcumin is powerfully effective against skin inflammation or atopic rash [7]. A curcumin cream containing turmeric oil and sandalwood oil (Vicco ® ) was used for radiodermatitis cases (n=50), and this study projected that curcumin could reduce radiodermatitis [26]. ...
The skin is the body's largest organ. The epidermis and dermis make up the skin, and their primary purpose is to defend the body from adverse environmental factors like chemicals, allergens, toxins, and bacteria. Many different types of natural products have shown promise in the treatment of skin disorders. Multiple synthetic chemicals and environmental pollution have an impact on modern human existence. Therefore, nature has provided several essential ingredients for boosting skin health and shielding skin from environmental damage. The most significant in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of different natural products in inflammatory, cancerous, and skin infection disorders and their mechanisms of action were summarised in this review. The study also highlights the potential photoprotective effects of numerous herbal ingredients. Sunburn is caused primarily by the sun's ultraviolet rays, which can also cause cancer of the skin. Herbal ingredients with sunblocking properties can prevent the penetration of harmful ultraviolet radiation. Compared to their synthetic counterparts, herbal remedies have fewer adverse effects and are just as effective in treating chronic conditions. Flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids (Lycopene, carotene), and phenolic acids found in herbs rich in vitamins (A, C, and E) have antioxidant properties that increase photoprotection.
... MAN (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-d glucoside) is a polyphenolic compound that is widely found in plants of the Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families. These plants include the herbs Mango, Anemarrhenae Asphodeloides, Chinese Gentian and so on (Gold-Smith et al., 2016). It has anti-oxidant, anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, gene regulation, and hepatoprotective effects (Yang et al., 2020). ...
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It is often associated with clinical manifestations such as arrhythmias and heart failure, and significantly reduces the quality of life and years of survival of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is the removal of unfolded and misfolded proteins and is an important mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ERS plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DCM by causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, insulin resistance, calcium imbalance, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Targeting ERS is a new direction in the treatment of DCM. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients can significantly improve the clinical outcome of DCM patients through intervention in ERS and effects on myocardial structure and function, which has become one of the hot research directions.
Purpose: The aim of this review is to elucidate and summarize the roles and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine and active ingredients that have the potential to modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby contributing to better management of DCM.
Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform were used to search, analyze, and collect literature, in order to review the mechanisms by which phytochemicals inhibit the progression of DCM by targeting the ERS and its key signaling pathways. Keywords used included “diabetic cardiomyopathy” and “endoplasmic reticulum stress.”
Results: This review found that Chinese herbs and their active ingredients can regulate ERS through IRE1, ATF6, and PERK pathways to reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, ameliorate myocardial fibrosis, and attenuate myocardial hypertrophy for the treatment of DCM.
Conclusion: A comprehensive source of information on potential ERS inhibitors is provided in this review. The analysis of the literature suggests that Chinese herbal medicine and its active ingredients can be used as potential drug candidates for the treatment of DCM. In short, we cannot ignore the role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating ERS and treating DCM, and look forward to more research and new drugs to come.
... It has been reported to exert a wide range of promising pharmacological effects including antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-viral, hepatoprotective and anticancer effects (Li et al., 2013;Khurana et al., 2016;Du et al., 2018). Mangiferin was reported to induce apoptosis by down-regulating Bcl2, Bcl-XL and upregulating caspase 3, caspase 9 and caspase 7 suggesting to Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas / 55 exert its effect through mitochondria-mediated pathway (Gold-Smith et al., 2016). In addition, in another study, mangiferin had been reported to inhibit cancer metastasis and angiogenesis (Du et al., 2018). ...
Hystrix brachyura bezoar is calcified undigested material found in the gastrointestinal tract known for various medicinal benefits including as an anticancer agent. However, the H. brachyura population has been declining due to its demand and is under Malaysian law protection. Therefore, present study aimed to identify bezoar anticancer active compounds through metabolomics and in-silico approaches. Five replicates of bezoar powder were subjected to extraction using different solvent ratios of methanol-water (100, 75, 50, 25, 0% v/v). Cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted. Putative compounds identified were subjected to in-silico analysis with targeted anticancer proteins namely, Bcl-2, Cyclin B/CDK1 complex, VEGF and NM23-H1. The correlation of LC-MS and cytotoxicity profile pinpointed two compounds, mangiferin and propafenone. In-silico study showed both compounds exerted good binding scores to all proteins with hydrophobic interaction dominating the ligand-protein complex binding, suggesting the ligands act as hydrophobes in the interactions.
... The therapeutic chemicals were also delivered to tumour cells during this time as target cell absorption by the target cells increased [12]. They discovered that the bioactive mangiferin chemical significantly inhibited tumorigenesis and inhibited toposiomerase (MG4) hybrid cancer cell lines [13][14][15]. The free mangiferin solution with a lower IC50 was shown to be less cytotoxic to A549 cell lines than the mangiferin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. ...
The current study aims to develop mangiferin and piperine dual drug-loaded folic acid-ADH-PLGA polymeric nanoparticles with bioinspired folic acid modifications which were effective carriers for site-specific delivery in multidrug-resistant lung cancer cells. Mangiferin and piperine, two pharmacological agents, were encapsulated within intelligent nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were fabricated utilizing folic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), adipic dihydrazide (ADH) and pluronic F-68 as constituent materials. The successful fabrication of these intelligent polymeric nanoparticles was confirmed through comprehensive characterization employing various analytical techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The efficacy of the intelligent polymeric nanoparticles against cancer cells was assessed through the evaluation of several parameters and their effectiveness was established utilizing the MTT assay. Furthermore, a hemolytic toxicity test was performed to ascertain whether the nanoparticles exerted any toxic effects on red blood cells. Mangiferin and piperine loaded FAP-M and FAP-P nanoparticles revealed a remarkable potential for inducing cell death. The findings from in vitro drug release assessments, hemolytic toxicity evaluations, bio-distribution analyses, MTT assays and apoptosis assessments exhibited substantial cell cycle phase arrest akin to the standard control. The comprehensive investigation and findings of the internalization process revealed the enhanced anticancer efficacy of mangiferin and piperine encapsulated in fibroblast activation protein-modified (FAP-M) and FAP-P nanoparticles as well as their biodistribution profile.
... After co-administration of mangiferin, a protective effect against these events was seen when activities of these antioxidant enzymes improved [45]. Both these human and animal studies suggest that mango, or mangiferin enhances antioxidant status and neutralizes reactive species and therefore oxidative stress is reduced [46]. ...
Objectives
Heart disease, caused by atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death. Maintaining vascular integrity is crucial to reducing atherosclerosis risk. Mangos are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may offer cardioprotective and immune-boosting benefits. However, their effects on the vasculature and immune system in adults with overweight and obesity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function in adults with overweight and obesity.
Methods
In a 12-week, crossover study, 27 overweight and obese participants consumed either 100 kcals of mangos daily or isocaloric low-fat cookies daily. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 and analyzed for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, and sCD45, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Results
Mango consumption significantly decreased VCAM-1 between baseline and week 4 (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.004). CAT increased between baseline and week 12 (P = 0.035) with mango consumption. GPx increased at week 12 compared to baseline and week 4 (P < 0.05). At week 12, SOD was higher after mango consumption compared to low-fat cookie consumption (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences in ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, sCD45 or TNF-α concentrations (P > 0.05 for all non-significant results).
Conclusions
This study suggests that 100 kcals of mangos may benefit the integrity of the vasculature by reducing VCAM-1 and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx levels. Mangos can be an alternative snack for improving atherosclerosis and oxidative stress risk factors.
