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Blast furnace ferronickel slag (BFFS) is generated in the production of ferronickel alloys and is used as cement replacement in concrete or mortar. The effectivity in reducing cement consumption and improving performance are limited. By referring to the paste replacement method, this work used BFFS to replace an equal volume of the white Portland c...
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Context 1
... total volume of the paste of all the mortar mixes, that is, the total volume of water, the WPC, and the BFFS as a percentage of the mortar volume, was maintained at 60%, and the volume of the fine aggregate was set at 40%, as listed in Table 2. To maintain the total volume of the mortar paste unchanged, the volume of the cement paste, i.e., the volume of the WPC and water calculated as a percentage of the total volume of the mortar, was reduced correspondingly by the incorporated volume of the BFFS. ...Context 2
... presented in Table 2, a fixed sample ID of X-Y-Z was employed to identify each mortar mix, in which X shows the type of the mortar: PRB, which represents the mortar with different volumes of the BFFS incorporated as a substitute for the paste, and CRB, which indicates the mortar with different volumes of the BFFS incorporated as a substitute for the cement; Y stands for the W/C; and Z denotes the percentage of the incorporated BFFS. ...Context 3
... to the slump flow test of concrete [29], this study used a small-sized slump cone test [30] to measure the slump flow of each mortar specimen listed in Table 2. Having been filled up with the fresh mortar, the mini slump cone was lifted vertically, and then the mortar slumped and flew in a patty shape. ...Context 4
... characterize the microstructure of the paste containing different volumes of the BFFS, the samples listed in Table 2 were used to prepare the paste samples without the fine aggregate and then cured at a temperature of 23 ± 2 • C and relative humidity of greater than 95%. After 28 days, these paste samples were cut into slices and soaked in anhydrous ethanol for 5 days to stop hydration; ethanol was also renewed after 24 h. ...Context 5
... data in the sixth column of Table 2 list the dosage of the superplasticizer required for the mortar mixture to obtain the expected flow spread in the range of 180 to 350 mm. Figure 4 shows the dosage of the superplasticizer versus the volume of the BFFS for both the PRB and CRB mortars; the slump flow of each sample is also listed in the second column of Table 3 and is illustrated versus the volume of the BFFS for both the PRB and CRB specimens in Figure 5. It is clear that the slump flow of the mortar specimens varied from 195 to 345 mm and showed slight fluctuations. ...Context 6
... only could enhance the hydration of the anhydrous clinker but also could accelerate the chemical reaction between the amorphous alumina of the BFFS, the portlandite, the hydration products of the clinker, and the calcite of the WPC. In the paste of sample PRB-0.40-20, the factual water-to-powder ratio by weight (where the powder consisted of the WPC and the BFFS) in Table 2 was reduced to approximately 0.19 due to the 20 vol% addition of the BFFS. A severe water shortage leads to an intense competition for water among different hydration processes. ...Context 7
... volume fractions of the harmless pores and the less harmful pores of sample CRB-0.55-20 were 31% and 21%, respectively, which indicated a potential refinement occurring in this paste due to the pozzolanic reaction of the BFFS. Figure 10 illustrates that although sample CRB-0.55-20 contained a high amount of the portlandite and bound water, a high usage of water (see Table 2) caused a high volume of the free water to remain in the hardened paste where large pores would form after its evaporation. As a result, the porosity of sample CRB-0.55-20 was calculated as 25.5%. ...Similar publications
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In present study attempts to develop M15 grade mass concrete mixes using IS 10262:2019. The number of trial mixes were developed by maintain the cement content about 316 kg/m 3 and Ground Granulated Blast Slag content (15%) for all the mixes. The water content and aggregates content was varied for all the mixes. The maximum size of coarse aggregate...
Citations
... This slag is generated through water quenching, and its chemical composition is influenced by factors such as raw ore type and smelting processes. The predominant constituents of this slag are MgO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and FeO [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The slag contains various minerals, such as olivine, tenacious pyroxene, magnesium peridotite, turbidite, and amorphous minerals [8]. ...
... At these optimal dosages, the 7 d activity excitation coefficients for NaOH, CaSO 4 , and Ca(OH) 2 increased by 9.0%, 8.0%, and 8.0%, respectively, and the 28 d activity excitation coefficients increased by 6.2%, 6.1%, and 7.5%, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation of the effect of exciters on the gelling properties and strength of the composite materials indicated that Ca(OH) 2 To expedite the grinding process and reduce energy consumption, a synergistic activation test simultaneously involving TEA and Ca(OH)2 was conducted. FNS, 0.03% TEA additives, and 3% Ca(OH)2 were combined and ground in the mill for 81 min, resulting in a micropowder with an SSA of 522 m²/kg. ...
... The FNS and 0.03% TEA additives were firstly ground for 82 min to obtain a micropowder with an SSA of 522 m 2 /kg, followed by activating with the addition of 3% Ca(OH) 2; this FNS micropowder, however, cannot meet the standard of S95 slag powder. The synergistic activation effect of combining Ca(OH) 2 and TEA additives during griding is found to be significant; 4. ...
The use of electric furnace ferronickel slag (FNS) as a supplementary cementitious material is the current focus of research. This study investigates the effect of mechanical grinding and chemical additives on the activity excition of FNS, as well as the associated synergistic mechanisms. This study shows that the addition of triethanolamine (TEA) increases the fine-grained content in FNS powder, which facilitates the depolymerization of FNS and the early hydration of aluminum tricalcium. Furthermore, the addition of Ca(OH)2 raises the alkalinity of the cementitious system, which promotes the availability of Ca2+ ions and accelerates the hydration process, resulting in the generation of additional hydration products. The enhancement of late hydration of C3S by TEA and its combination with the secondary hydration of Ca2+ at high alkalinity are the pivotal factors to improve the strength of cementitious composite. A mixture of FNS and 0.03% TEA is subjected to grinding for 90 min, using the obtained micropowder which replaces 20% of the cement, and subsequently, after being excited with 3% Ca(OH)2, the FNS micropowder reaches the quality standards of S95 slag powder. It is worth remarking that the micropowder prepared by mixing FNS with 3% Ca(OH)2 and 0.03% TEA and grinding it for 81 min also meets the S95 standard for slag powder. The larger dosage of FNS in cement is supported by the observed synergy between TEA and Ca(OH)2. This research will provide valuable insights for the expanded application of FNS in construction materials.
... However, high contents of CaO and MgO lead to poor product stability, limiting the application of BFFS in the production of construction materials [4]. For this reason, the addition of BFFS is generally less than 50 wt% [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Moreover, alkalis like calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate are often used to ensure high activity in the production process, causing additional costs and greenhouse gas emission [3,10,11]. ...
... However, high contents of CaO and MgO lead to poor product stability, limiting the application of BFFS in the production of construction materials [4]. For this reason, the addition of BFFS is generally less than 50 wt% [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Moreover, alkalis like calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate are often used to ensure high activity in the production process, causing additional costs and greenhouse gas emission [3,10,11]. ...
... But the compressive strength was close to that of cement after curing 28 d and 90 d, and the permeability resistance of chloride ion was improved. Similar results were declared by Guan [40], through studying the mechanical property of cement-BFFS composite mortars under different water-binder ratios. In order to improve the early strength of cement-BFFS composite binder, steam curing was used to accelerate hydration in the early stage, especially for high-volume BFFS [41]. ...
Replacement of cement clinker by industrial wastes has been verified as an effective way to reduce carbon emissions. To realize the application of blast furnace ferronickel slag (BFFS) in high volume in cement mortar, wet grinding was used to improve the activity of BFFS. Three fineness (D50 = 13 μm, 5 μm and 2.5 μm) and three contents (30%, 50% and 70%) of BFFS were investigated comparatively. Isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffractometer(XRD), Thermal analyzer (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Mercury injection apparatus (MIP) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to examine the hydration process and microstructures. The results showed that the pozzolanic behavior and filling effect of BFFS could be improved remarkably by wet-grinding method. The compressive strength of specimens with 50mirc% and 70% BFFS (D50 = 2.5 μm) after curing 28 days could reach 109% and 97% of that of control cement specimens respectively. The results of XRD, TG and FTIR revealed that refined BFFS was involved in pozzolanic reaction at age of 3 days, the effect was more significant with the grinding duration extending. Furthermore, the pore size distribution and the porosity were optimized obviously. Results highlight that wet-grinding treatment of BFFS provided an effective way to improve the early and late age strength of high-volume BFFS cement mortar.
