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The lunge on stable surface or on an unstable surface. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212216.g001
Source publication
Integrated exercises that mimic daily tasks are generally preferred for improving performance and the later stages of rehabilitation, but it is unknown whether integrated core exercises are better than isolated core exercises at improving muscle activation for hypertrophy. The aim of the study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity in...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... participants placed their heel on one marker and had to step passed the next with their heel to make a successful repetition. The lunges were performed barefoot with the same starting position (standing straight) with a natural sway in the back (see Fig 1). The lunges were performed barefoot to avoid differences in ankle support from the participants'different shoes. ...
Context 2
... same back posture had to be maintained and only the preferred foot was tested. The eccentric movement stopped when the knee of the preferred foot was over the toes and the opposite knee was close, but not touching, the floor (see Fig 1). All participants conducted six repetitions of each type of lunge where the last five repetitions were used for further analyses. ...
Context 3
... variations of the lunges were performed without any additional weights or vertical resistance. When performing lunges on an unstable surface (Fig 1), the foot stepping forward had to land on a balance pad (Airex balance pad elite, Fysiopartner AS, Norway). Performing the lunges on a stable surface, the approach was identical as the unstable surface, but without the balance pad (Fig 1). ...
Context 4
... performing lunges on an unstable surface (Fig 1), the foot stepping forward had to land on a balance pad (Airex balance pad elite, Fysiopartner AS, Norway). Performing the lunges on a stable surface, the approach was identical as the unstable surface, but without the balance pad (Fig 1). The lunges with external resistance were performed in three series with the added external resistance attached to the upper body in three different directions (anterior, posterior and lateral) to emphasize the different core muscles. ...
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The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the levels of electromyographic activation in the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, forearm, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and rectus femoris muscles during a horizontal bench press in two situations: 1) with the feet on the ground; and 2) with active hip flexion and 90° of kn...
Citations
... Bosu exercise applications are used for balance development [17,18], strength development and postural control [19], motor skill development [20]. In addition, Bosu, which has a large area of use, can be used not only standing on it in a vertical position, but also by standing in a horizontal position [21]. Study results show that training using bosu ball for 8 weeks can improve balance [22,23]. ...
Background and Study Aim. Balance is very decisive in producing good and correct basic archery techniques, resulting in good archery accuracy. This study aims to determine the effect of circuit training bosu ball on improving balance and accuracy in archery athletes. Material and Methods. This study was an experimental research design that involved 12 archery athletes at Bibis Archery Club Bantul Regency, aged between 14-17 years. The training program consisted of 18 circuit training sessions using a bosu ball. The archery accuracy test was used to assess the athletes' accuracy in sticking arrows to a target located 30 meters away. The balance test was conducted using the Stork Stand Test, which involved standing on one leg, on the dominant leg, for as long as possible. The statistical analysis used was a t-test, specifically paired sample test. Results. The pretest balance and archery accuracy scores of the 12 archery athletes at Bibis Archery Club Bantul Regency were recorded. The pretest balance score averaged 44.12 seconds, and the pretest archery accuracy score was 216.50. After 18 circuit training sessions with bosu ball, the posttest balance score increased to an average of 51.44 seconds, and the posttest archery accuracy score increased to an average of 282.83. Statistical analysis revealed that the improvement in balance and archery accuracy was significant, with a p-value of 0.000 <0.05, indicating that the training using bosu ball can effectively improve the balance and archery accuracy of young athletes. Conclusions. Overall, our findings suggest that circuit training with bosu ball significantly improves balance and archery accuracy in young athletes. Specifically, the participants demonstrated an average increase in their balance scores improvement in their archery accuracy following the training. These results highlight the potential benefits of incorporating bosu ball exercises in the training regimen of archery athletes.
... Badau, 2017), and development of motor skills (Zemkova et al., 2017). In addition, Bosu, which has a large area of use, can not only be used standing on it in a vertical position but also a horizontal position (Saeterbakken et al., 2019). ...
Study purpose. Balance, concentration, muscle endurance, and accuracy are very important for archery athletes, but there are still limited game models to improve balance, concentration, arm muscle endurance, and accuracy in archery athletes. The aim of this research is to develop a circuit game model to improve balance, concentration, arm muscle endurance, and accuracy in proper and effective archery athletes. Materials and methods. The development model used in this study is based on Lee & Owens theory which uses five phases in a cycle, namely ADDIE. The effectiveness test was carried out on archery athletes aged 10–13 years, totaling 30 people. Treatment was given for 18 meetings. Results. The conclusion of the research is that the circuit game model to improve balance, concentration, arm muscle endurance, and accuracy in archery athletes is feasible. The circuit game model is effective in improving balance, concentration, arm muscle endurance, and accuracy in archery athletes. The circuit game model consists of 6 posts. Conclusions. For coaches, the circuit game model can be used to improve balance, concentration, arm muscle endurance, and accuracy in archery athletes. Suggestions for further researchers are that this circuit game model needs to be developed again to be better.
... Second, the exercise intervention consists of three kinds of exercise programs, each with different functions. Stretching exercises target key muscle groups to improve range of motion and physical function, core exercises strengthen core muscles to promote good posture and prevent injury, and strengthening exercises use body weight as a resistance to improve muscular strength and functional fitness [40,41,42]. Muscle atrophy with loss of strength and mass due to uremic milieu and the increased protein catabolism has been ignored by many exercise intervention designers [33], and it has been reported that the PD population presents dynapenia and sarcopenia rates of 43% and 11.5% [43]; core exercises and strengthening exercises bear unique advantages to conquer the problem. ...
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based exercise intervention on depression and sleep conditions of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
Materials and methods:
Participants satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited from the Peritoneal Dialysis Center, Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and they were divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received video-based exercise intervention while the control group received routine care. Then their BDI-II and PSQI scores were collected and analyzed before and after the intervention.
Results:
There were no significant differences in BDI-II score and the seven components of PSQI score between the two groups at the baseline measures (p > 0.05). However, after 12 weeks of intervention, the intervention group had a significantly lower score in BDI-II (p < 0.05) and in six components of PSQI (p < 0.05), with the exception of the "use of sleep medications" subscale (p > 0.05). Their depression level also improved significantly after intervention (p < 0.05), while that of the control group did not change significantly(p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
The video-based exercise intervention is safe and can remarkably improve the depression and sleep conditions of PD patients and is thus worthwhile to be applied widely.
... Stretching exercises target key muscle groups to improve the range of motion and physical function. Core exercises strengthen core muscles to promote good posture and prevent injury, and strengthening exercises use body weight as a resistance to improve muscular strength and functional fitness [42,43,44]. Many exercise intervention designers have ignored muscle atrophy with loss of strength and mass due to uremic milieu and an increased protein catabolism [41]. ...
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based exercise program on nutritional status and quality of life (QOL) of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.
Materials and methods:
Participants satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and divided into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received video-based exercise based on a manual advocated by the National Kidney Foundation, while the control group received routine exercise guidance. Their nutritional indicators and the Quality of Life Scale for Peritoneal Dialysis patients (QLSPD) scores were collected and analyzed.
Results:
No adverse events occurred during the study. Baseline data between the two groups were comparable, and there were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) (t = 0.214, p = 0.831), triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) (t = 0.407, p = 0.685), arm muscle circumference (AMC) (t = 0.310, p = 0.757), grip strength (Gs) (t = 0.557, p = 0.579), calf circumference (Cc) (t = 0.441, p = 0.660), serum albumin (Alb) (t = 0.261, p = 0.795), prealbumin (PA) (t = 0.218, p = 0.828), hemoglobin (Hb) (t = 0.114, p = 0.909), triglyceride (TG) (t = 0.192, p = 0.848), total cholesterol (TC) (t = 0.092, p = 0.927), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (t = 0.124, p = 0.902), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (t = 0.265, p = 0.792), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (t = 0.540, p = 0.590), serum creatinine (SCr) (t = 0.255, p = 0.799), total urea clearance index (Kt/V) (t = 0.958, p = 0.340), total creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) (t = 0.166, p = 0.868), protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA) (t = 0.240, p = 0.811), and QLSPD scores(p > 0.05) between the two groups at the baseline measures. However, after 12 weeks of intervention, the AMC (t = 2.993, p = 0.003) and Cc (t = 2.811, p = 0.006) of the intervention group improved significantly compared with the control group. The BMI (t = 2.068, p = 0.041) and TSF (t = 2.578, p = 0.011) showed a trend of improvement compared with baseline. And the intervention group scored less in body physiology function (t = 7.084, p < 0.001), disease factors (t = 13.336, p < 0.001), mental state (t = 9.555, p<0.001), and social role (t = 5.156, p < 0.001) components, while their satisfaction hardly changed (t = 0.240, p = 0.811).
Conclusion:
The video-based exercise intervention is safe and can remarkably improve the nutritional status and QOL of PD patients.
... The impact of TMT may therefore be blurred by adaptation attributable to other training types. For example, several studies have reported similar or greater trunk muscle activation during lower limb heavy resistance training than during isolated trunk exercises [24,25,103]. Nevertheless, the authors only included comparable studies in this review, which is a strength of the assessment of TMT on sport-specific and physical fitness outcomes. ...
Background
The role of trunk muscle training (TMT) for physical fitness (e.g., muscle power) and sport-specific performance measures (e.g., swimming time) in athletic populations has been extensively examined over the last decades. However, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of TMT on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes is lacking.
Objective
To aggregate the effects of TMT on measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes and identify potential subject-related moderator variables (e.g., age, sex, expertise level) and training-related programming parameters (e.g., frequency, study length, session duration, and number of training sessions) for TMT effects.
Data Sources
A systematic literature search was conducted with PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, with no date restrictions, up to June 2021.
Study Eligibility Criteria
Only controlled trials with baseline and follow-up measures were included if they examined the effects of TMT on at least one measure of physical fitness (e.g., maximal muscle strength, change-of-direction speed (CODS)/agility, linear sprint speed) and sport-specific performance (e.g., throwing velocity, swimming time) in young or adult competitive athletes at a regional, national, or international level. The expertise level was classified as either elite (competing at national and/or international level) or regional (i.e., recreational and sub-elite).
Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods
The methodological quality of TMT studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A random-effects model was used to calculate weighted standardized mean differences (SMDs) between intervention and active control groups. Additionally, univariate sub-group analyses were independently computed for subject-related moderator variables and training-related programming parameters.
Results
Overall, 31 studies with 693 participants aged 11–37 years were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the included studies was 5 on the PEDro scale. In terms of physical fitness, there were significant, small-to-large effects of TMT on maximal muscle strength (SMD = 0.39), local muscular endurance (SMD = 1.29), lower limb muscle power (SMD = 0.30), linear sprint speed (SMD = 0.66), and CODS/agility (SMD = 0.70). Furthermore, a significant and moderate TMT effect was found for sport-specific performance (SMD = 0.64). Univariate sub-group analyses for subject-related moderator variables revealed significant effects of age on CODS/agility ( p = 0.04), with significantly large effects for children (SMD = 1.53, p = 0.002). Further, there was a significant effect of number of training sessions on muscle power and linear sprint speed ( p ≤ 0.03), with significant, small-to-large effects of TMT for > 18 sessions compared to ≤ 18 sessions (0.45 ≤ SMD ≤ 0.84, p ≤ 0.003). Additionally, session duration significantly modulated TMT effects on linear sprint speed, CODS/agility, and sport-specific performance ( p ≤ 0.05). TMT with session durations ≤ 30 min resulted in significant, large effects on linear sprint speed and CODS/agility (1.66 ≤ SMD ≤ 2.42, p ≤ 0.002), whereas session durations > 30 min resulted in significant, large effects on sport-specific performance (SMD = 1.22, p = 0.008).
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that TMT is an effective means to improve selected measures of physical fitness and sport-specific performance in young and adult athletes. Independent sub-group analyses suggest that TMT has the potential to improve CODS/agility, but only in children. Additionally, more (> 18) and/or shorter duration (≤ 30 min) TMT sessions appear to be more effective for improving lower limb muscle power, linear sprint speed, and CODS/agility in young or adult competitive athletes.
... Core training has been used in rehabilitation, to promote general health, and to improve sport performance (19,20,36,42). Previous core-training programs have targeted the superficial global muscles (9,27,32), the local deep-seated muscles close to the spine (11), or a combination of both (31,32,40), but the results are not conclusive (19,23,42). ...
... Recently, several studies have tried to identify the neuromuscular activation of core muscles using exercises isolating the core muscles (i.e., sit-ups) or exercises integrating the core muscles in multijoint exercises (i.e., squats and deadlift) (20,29,31). Furthermore, unstable instead of stable surfaces (i.e., BOSU balls or wobble discs), unilateral instead of bilateral execution, standing instead of seated/supine position, or a combination of these conditions have been used to increase surface electromyography (sEMG) in core muscle in traditional resistance exercises (3,4,6,27,32,34). ...
... The mean muscle sEMG amplitude for the 3 repetitions over the 0.5-second window was included in the analyses. Finally, the RMS EMG signals were normalized to the subjects' maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) according to recommendations (18) and previous studies (31). One exercise with 2 trials for each muscle was conducted and separated by 1 minute. ...
Saeterbakken, AH, Stien, N, Pedersen, H, and Andersen, V. Core muscle activation in three lower extremity with different stability requirements. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-The aim of the study was to compare core muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) during 3-repetition maximum (3RM) and the sEMG amplitude in the turnover from the descending to ascending phase in leg press, free-weight squats, and squats using the Smith machine. Nineteen women with 4.5 (±2.0) years of resistance training were recruited. After one familiarization session, the subjects performed 3RM in randomized order measuring electromyographic activity in the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and erector spinae. The exercises with the lowest stability requirements (leg press) demonstrated 17-59% and 17-42% lower core muscle sEMG amplitude than free weights and the Smith machine, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the Smith machine and free weights. No statistically significant differences in turnover sEMG amplitude in the rectus abdominis between the exercises was observed, but lower sEMG amplitude was observed in external oblique and erector spinae in leg press compared with the other exercises. The 3RM loads in leg press were 54 and 47% greater than squats using the Smith machine and free weights, with 5% greater loads with the Smith machine than with free weights. In conclusion, lower mean and turnover core muscle sEMG amplitude were observed with the leg press but greater 3RM loads compared with squats with the Smith machine and free weights. The authors recommend that resistance-trained individuals use squats to include the core muscles in the kinetic chain, but there is no evidence that greater stability requirements (free weights instead of the Smith machine) will result in greater core muscle sEMG amplitude.
... Lunge exercises include the forward, backward, side, and walking lunges [1]. These exercises are well-known among the general public and athletes, and can easily be performed in the gym or at home to effectively train muscles, such as the quadriceps and gluteus maximus [2][3][4][5][6]. Among lunge exercises, the forward lunge is often used for training and rehabilitation of athletes without any special equipment. ...
... El test de Side Brigde, para la activación de los músculos laterales del core, el deportista se colocaba en decúbito lateral derecha o izquierda, apoyado sobre el antebrazo y las extremidades inferiores en extensión con borde lateral del pie del lado a evaluar. Finaliza la prueba cuando el participante no alcanzaba a mantener la postura, considerando que debía permanecer por un tiempo de 97 segundos y en el lado derecho por 94 segundos (11 (13) Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS Versión 21.0, de tipo descriptiva univariada en las variables sociodemográficas y con la prueba T de Student con un nivel de significancia del 0,05 lo que comprueba la hipótesis planteada. Al ser parte de una Investigación realizada en seres humanos se aprobó con el Comité de Bioética de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, para lo cual se cuenta con el consentimiento informado del representante y el asentimiento informado para adolescentes. ...
Introducción: La evaluación del core y el rendimiento funcional en el deportista determina el nivel de resistencia, fuerza, estabilidad, al conservar las curvaturas fisiológicas frente al movimiento articular de la extremidad inferior. Objetivo: Determinar estabilidad del core y funcionalidad de la biomecánica de miembro inferior en deportistas de la Federación Deportiva de Tungurahua. Material y Métodos: El enfoque de la investigación fue observacional. La población total de estudio fue de 33 deportistas en un rango de edad 12 a 45 años, se evalúo el rendimiento funcional para la biomecánica de miembros inferiores y la evaluación global del core para prevenir lesiones. Se excluyeron del estudio a deportistas con desplazamiento de vertebras, fracturas en la región lumbar, implantes metálicos. La participación fue voluntaria para lo cual firmaron el consentimiento y asentimiento informado siendo avalada por el Comité de Bioética de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. El análisis de datos se realizó a través del programa Software Spss versión 21.0, los resultados se evaluaron a través de una estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Se recogieron los datos de las evaluaciones iniciales realizadas a los deportistas las mismas que tuvieron diferencias significativas con un valor p= 0,00 siendo que la regla indica p=0,005, rechazando la hipótesis nula lo que indica la estabilidad del core y el miembro inferior. Conclusiones: Los deportistas tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir lesiones debido a que presentan una inestabilidad del miembro inferior y debilidad de la musculatura del core.
... Exercises that facilitate coordinated activation of the trunk and hip muscles would be enhance performance, but previous studies have not provided an effective exercise. A few studies report that effective athletic training, such as the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise promotes simultaneous activation of the hip adductors and abdominal muscles [12][13][14]. However, these exercises could only be performed in a specific posture or required tools such as tubes or unstable plates, and therefore had a low level of convenience for exercise position and modulation of exercise load. ...
... Half-kneeling SOE-40% promoted activation of LEO and hip muscles, and muscle activity of LEO, GMed, and ADD was greater than during AC and plank, while muscle activity of RA, REO, and RIO was lower. A previous study suggests that the vertical position results in less lever arm of the body weight to the joints of the spine when compared to the horizontal position [14]. This kinetic characteristic of position would relate to the low activation of abdominal muscles excluding the LEO. ...
The importance of an interaction between trunk stability muscles and hip muscle function has been suggested. However, reported exercises rarely act on the trunk and hip muscles simultaneously. Here, we devised an abdominal oblique and hip muscle exercise, the Self-oblique exercise (SOE). We examined whether SOE activated abdominal and hip muscles in the supine and half-kneeling positions, compared with abdominal crunch (AC) and plank exercises; and whether participants could modulate the exercise load. Participants were 20 healthy males with some sports experience such as football and baseball on average 10.5 ± 4.0 years. Participants applied self-pressure to their right thighs using the contralateral upper limb with 40% or 70% of the maximum force in Supine SOE and Half- kneeling SOE. The following abdominal and hip muscles were measured using surface electromyography: bilateral external obliques (EO), bilateral internal obliques (IO), right rectus abdominis, right gluteus medius (GMed), and right adductor longus (ADD). All evaluated muscle groups showed significant differences between exercises (p < 0.001). Supine SOE-70% showed 80.4% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for left EO (p < 0.017), 61.4% MVC for right IO (p < 0.027), 24.3% MVC for GMed (p < 0.002), and 42.4% MVC for ADD (p < 0.004); these were significantly greatest among all exercises. Muscle activity during Supine SOE-70% was greater than that during Supine SOE-40%. Similarly, Half-kneeling SOE-40% promoted abdominal and hip muscle exertion, and showed more significant activity in GMed (p < 0.006) and ADD (p < 0.001) than AC and plank. SOE could activate abdominal and hip muscles depends on the pressure applied by upper limb. Also, SOE allows participants to modulate the exercise load in a self-controlled step by step manner. Modulation of the exercise load is difficult in AC or plank compared to SOE, and AC or plank cannot obtain simultaneous oblique and hip muscle activity. SOE could be practiced anywhere, in various positions, without any tools.
... Despite several studies reporting positive results among recreationally active participants (Hibbs et al., 2008;Reed et al., 2012), generalizing these results to competitive athletes is often difficult. Furthermore, athletes rarely perform training programs only involving the trunk, but use highintensity ground-based multi-joint exercises (e.g., squats, dead lifts, Olympic lifts) involving the trunk muscles (Hamlyn et al., 2007;Nuzzo et al., 2008;Saeterbakken et al., 2019). Therefore, it could be difficult to isolate the effects of training of the trunk. ...
The trunk (core) muscles are involved in daily functions (i. e., stabilizing the body in everyday tasks) and force generation of the limbs during athletic tasks such as kicking, throwing, or running. Even though trunk training is a popular means for improving physical fitness and athletic performance, the direct relationship of improved trunk function (i.e., stability, strength, or endurance), fitness and sport-specific performance is not conclusive. The aim of this proposed review is to evaluate the effects of trunk training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance, and to examine potential subject-related (e.g., age, sex) and trunk training-related moderator variables (e.g., training period, training frequency) for performance changes. We will conduct a systematic literature search in Web of Science, MEDLINE (via EBSCO) and SportDiscus. Relevant papers will be screened independently by two reviewers in two stages: (1) title and abstracts and (2) the full text of the remaining papers. A third reviewer will resolve possible disagreements. Data extraction and risk of bias of the included studies will be performed in addition to the PEDro scoring to judge the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted to determine the efficacy of trunk training to increase physical fitness and sport-specific performance measures. In addition, subgroup univariate analyses were computed for subject-related (i.e., age, sex, performance level) and training-related moderator variables (i.e., training period, training frequency, training sessions, session duration). The results of this proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the effects of trunk training on physical fitness and sport-specific and identify which subject-related and training-related moderate variables of trunk training modality might be beneficial for performance gains. This knowledge has potential importance for athletes and coaches in sports.
