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The longitudinal forces for an electric truck in motion. The longitudinal forces for an electric truck in motion.
Source publication
Increase of non-renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions has brought heavy burdens to our planet. Heavy-duty vehicles as a large energy consumer benefit a lot from platooning due to reduced air drag. Comparing to ICE trucks, electric trucks can gain more energy savings from platooning while also reducing CO2 emissions. This paper explores the...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in our paper, considering the application of highway HDV platooning, it is necessary to maintain certain gaps for safety, so we assume the relative distance is in the range of 15 meters and the air drag reduction is 40% for all vehicles in the platoon except for the lead vehicle. Figure 1 shows the longitudinal forces balance on an HDV in motion. Denoting vehicle mass, vehicle speed, rolling resistance coefficient, air drag coefficient, front cross-sectional area, air density and road grade as m, v, f r , C d , A, ρ and α respectively, the power balance at the wheel can be expressed as: ...
Context 2
... in our paper, considering the application of highway HDV platooning, it is necessary to maintain certain gaps for safety, so we assume the relative distance is in the range of 15 meters and the air drag reduction is 40% for all vehicles in the platoon except for the lead vehicle. Figure 1 shows the longitudinal forces balance on an HDV in motion. Denoting vehicle mass, vehicle speed, rolling resistance coefficient, air drag coefficient, front crosssectional area, air density and road grade as í µí±í µí±, í µí±£í µí±£, í µí±í µí± í µí±í µí± , í µí° ¶í µí° ¶ í µí±í µí± , í µí°´í µí°´, í µí¼í µí¼ and í µí»¼í µí»¼ respectively, the power balance at the wheel can be expressed as: ...
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Citations
... This was because the drag coefficient values presented in these documents varied with the distance between vehicles and the type and order of vehicle analyzed in the platoon. Only the work of Hu and Bauer [41] had a fixed inter-vehicle gap of 10 m, which made it comparable to the other works of gap-based drag coefficient reduction, with a value of 50%, similar to the value for the following HDV in the Davila's platoon. The more complete works presented values of the drag coefficient or drag coefficient reduction for each vehicle in the platoon with different inter-vehicle gaps. ...
This paper provides a detailed literature review of the environmental implications of vehicle platooning, a topic gaining significant attention in transportation. While previous reviews have focused on the safety, planning, fuel economy, and microsimulation aspects of platooning, this paper delves into environmental aspects. It identifies a lack of research adopting a holistic approach to transport and environmental benefits and emphasizes the need for further research to enhance vehicle efficiency and improve air quality and health conditions. This study traces the historical evolution of platooning, highlighting the shift in research focus over the decades. It advocates for more research on platooning’s environmental aspects, particularly pollutant emissions and air quality. The primary contributions of this work are threefold and include the following: firstly, it delineates simulation methodologies for platooning and the associated pollutant emissions; secondly, it offers a critical assessment of the existing literature on vehicle emissions, fuel consumption, and energy savings; and thirdly, it illuminates the prospective research challenges within the specialized domain of vehicle platooning.
... Depending on the number of vehicles, the air drag coefficient of vehicles in the group can be reduced by 40% [17]. This impact reduces the total air resistance of vehicles, thereby reducing energy consumption [18][19][20]. ...
Due to the battery capacity limitation of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the importance of minimizing energy consumption has been increasing in recent years. In the mean time, for improving vehicle energy efficiency, platooning has attracted attention of several automakers. Using the connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) technology, platooning can achieve a longer driving range while preserving a closer distance from the preceding vehicle, resulting in the minimization of the aerodynamic force. However, undesired behaviors of human-driven vehicles (HVs) in the platooning group can prohibit the maximization of the energy efficiency. In this paper, we developed a speed planner based on the model predictive control (MPC) to minimize the total platooning energy consumption, and HVs were programmed to maintain a long enough distance from the preceding vehicle to avoid collision. The simulations were performed to determine how HV influences the efficiencies of the platooning group, which is composed of CAVs and HVs together, in several scenarios including the different positions and numbers of the HVs. Test results show that the CAVs planned by our approach reduces energy consumption by about 4% or more than 4% compared to that of the HVs.
