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... achieve a normal distribution, the data were transformed logarithmically and the results were presented in Fig. ...
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... on ANOVA test results, a significant difference in the levels of studied biomarkers was observed (p < 0.001), in which the highest and lowest mean concentrations were detected in high traffic and low traffic areas participants in case of TNF-α, and in industrial and low traffic regions for IFN-γ, respectively (Fig. 3). The pairwise comparison of the studied groups in the case of mentioned biomarkers was done and the results were summarized in Table ...
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... The city experiences high traffic volumes of over 350,000 cars per day, as well as heavy industrial and manufacturing activities. As a result, air pollution levels often exceed the recommended guidelines set by the World Health Organization (WHO) on most days (Gholampour et al., 2016;Samadi et al., 2019;Sabeti et al., 2021). Tabriz, like other developing Asian cities, has implemented cost-effective urban mobility alternatives in the form of BRT systems. ...
... The complete blood count (CBC) and serum levels of renal and liver biomarkers are commonly used to assess the effects of crude oil exposure in humans and other organisms. Several studies have used haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters to assess the effects of exposure to PAH and VOC on human health [6,[14][15][16]. However, the effects on these parameters vary according to the level and duration of exposure, as well as by the influence of other environmental factors. ...
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in crude oil has carcinogenic effects on various organ systems. This longitudinal cohort study examined the effects of oil spill exposure on the haematological, hepatic, and renal profiles of Rayong oil spill clean-up workers. The sample included 869 clean-up workers from the Rayong oil spill. Latent class mixture models were used to investigate and classify the longitudinal trajectories and trends of the haematological, hepatic, and renal indices. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the association between the urinary metabolites of PAHs and VOCs and haematological, hepatic, and renal parameters. Most clean-up workers (97.6%) had increasing levels of white blood cells (WBCs) (0.03 × 103 cells/µL), 94.90% of the workers had a significantly increasing trend of blood urea nitrogen (0.31 mg/dL per year), and 87.20% had a significantly increasing trend of serum creatinine (0.01 mg/dL per year). A high–decreasing trend of WBCs was seen in 2.42% (−0.73 × 103 per year). Post-exposure changes in haematological, renal, and hepatic profiles are present in workers exposed to the Rayong oil spill. This indicates possible long-term health complications and worsening renal function after exposure to PAHs and VOCs in crude oil.
... Furthermore, [18] shown that an increase in PM2.5 exposure was linked to a decrease in haemoglobin in elderly subjects. Other volatile pollutants have been connected to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in haemoglobin and other haematological indicators [24]. ...
Background: The association of combustive emission has been inter-related with haematologic parameters and a likelihood to pro-inflammatory state. This research is aimed at assessing the impact of vehicular emission on erythrocyte level and red cell indices of occupationally exposed subjects. Methods: The level of haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, red blood cells, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width were determined in four hundred subjects with the aid of Mythic 22 haematology autoanalyser. Results: The comparison of the haemoglobin and haematocrit shows that the value of mean ± standard error value of generator exposed and mechanics respectively were significantly higher than the other groups (p< 0.03). On the otherhand, the red blood cell count for generator exposed and mechanics ranked higher than the other groups (p< 0.03). The mean cell volume (MCV) of generator exposed and mechanics were 86.57±0.08 fl and 84.49±1.04 fl respectively while control and drivers had values of 93.24±1.13 fl and 93.22±1.13 fl respectively (p< 0.03). The mechanics recorded a mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) of 26.92±0.40 pg which was significantly lower (p< 0.04) than the control (30.37±0.47 pg), generator exposed (39.68±6.38 pg) and drivers (30.42±0.47 pg). Conclusion: The differences amongst the groups and none of the groups were within the medically acceptable ranges which is a pointer to the fact that there might be an underlying inflammatory condition which might be due to occupational exposure.
... Hematologic parameters, important indicators for monitoring physiological changes and human health, are widely used for disease diagnosis (Samadi et al. 2019). Thus, the risk factors for hematologic parameters should be identified early to promote early prevention. ...
Hematologic parameters are important indicators for monitoring the physiological changes and human health. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) exhibit toxic effects and can affect hematologic parameters. However, the effects of exposure to NEOs metabolites on hematologic parameters in the general population remain unknown. We examined the relationship between NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters using a cross-sectional study design in 1397 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016. The levels of NEOs metabolites in urine and hematologic makers were measured. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship between exposure to NEOs metabolites and hematologic parameters. Detectable urine levels of clothianidin (CLO) was inversely associated with hematocrit (β = − 0.689; 95% CI: − 1.335, − 0.042). Detectability of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (HIMI) was inversely correlated with basophil percentage (β = − 0.093; 95% CI: − 0.180, − 0.007). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDE) was related to reduced white blood cells (WBC) (β = − 0.419; 95% CI: − 0.764, − 0.074) and neutrophil counts (β = − 0.349; 95% CI: − 0.623, − 0.074). Imidacloprid-equivalent total neonicotinoids (IMIeq) was negatively related to red blood cells (RBC) (β = − 0.058; 95% CI: − 0.097, − 0.020), hemoglobin (β = − 0.149; 95% CI: − 0.282, − 0.015), and hematocrit (β = − 0.484; 95% CI: − 0.855, − 0.113). We also observed that exposure to NEOs metabolites was sex specifically related to hematologic alterations. For example, IMIeq was associated with reduced basophil counts (β = − 0.016; 95% CI: − 0.028, − 0.003), basophil percentage (β = − 0.092; 95% CI: − 0.169, − 0.016), RBC (β = − 0.097; 95% CI: − 0.156, − 0.038), hemoglobin (β = − 0.200; 95% CI: − 0.355, − 0.045), and hematocrit (β = − 0.605; 95% CI: − 1.111, − 0.098) only in males. These results provide the first evidence that exposure to NEOs metabolites can disturb hematologic homeostasis in the general population, and the effects may be sex specific.
... Several studies have reported a reduction in some blood parameters in adults chronically exposed to benzene, including WBC, RBC, and PLT levels and total neutrophils count [40,[80][81][82]. These values consider the toxicity exerted by benzene on BM myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. ...
Literature is teeming with publications on industrial pollution. Over the decades, the main industrial pollutants and their effects on human health have been widely framed. Among the various compounds involved, benzene plays a leading role in the onset of specific diseases. Two systems are mainly affected by the adverse health effects of benzene exposure, both acute and chronic: the respiratory and hematopoietic systems. The most suitable population targets for a proper damage assessment on these systems are oil refinery workers and residents near refining plants. Our work fits into this area of interest with the aim of reviewing the most relevant cases published in the literature related to the impairment of the aforementioned systems following benzene exposure. We perform an initial debate between the two clinical branches that see a high epidemiological expression in this slice of the population examined: residents near petroleum refinery areas worldwide. In addition, the discussion expands on highlighting the main immunological implications of benzene exposure, finding a common pathophysiological denominator in inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, thus helping to set the basis for an increasingly detailed characterization aimed at identifying common molecular patterns between the two clinical fields discussed.
... MSW operation and its transportation are considered as potential sources of bioaerosols emission that are associated with adverse health effects, in the landfill sites [5]. Besides the landfill sites release chemical pollutants or aerosols in the ambient air [6][7][8][9][10]. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols produced from the municipal solid waste landfill site and its health risk assessment in the Hamadan city at west of Iran. In this study, air samples were collected every month during spring and summer at six locations including the active zone, leachate collection pond, infectious waste landfill, upwind, closure landfill, and downwind using the Andersen impactor. Spatial and seasonal variations of the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols were detected. Also, Health risk associated were estimated based on the average daily dose rates (ADD) of exposure by inhalation. The mean concentration of potentially pathogenic bacterial aerosols were 468.7 ± 140 CFU m− 3 1108.5 ± 136.9 CFU m− 3 detected in the active zone in spring and summer, respectively. Also, there was a significant relationship between meteorological parameters and bacterial concentration (p < 0.05). The predominant potential pathogenic bacterial identified in the spring were Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp., while in summer were Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The hazard quotient (HQ) in both seasons were less of 1. Bacteria were spread throughout the landfill space, but their maximum density was observed around the active zone and leachate collection pond. This study highlights the importance of exposure to potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols in the summer and its adverse effects, especially in the MSW landfill site active zone. Finally, controlled exposure can reduce the health hazard caused by the potential pathogenic bacterial aerosols.
Background: Ubiquitously distributed benzene is a known hematotoxin. Increasing evidence has suggested that erythroid-related hematologic parameters may be more sensitive to benzene exposure. Fat content, which is also closely associated with erythroid-related hematologic parameters, may affect the distribution and/or metabolism of benzene, and eventually benzene-induced toxicity.
Methods: To explore the influence of benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions on erythroid-related hematologic parameters, we recruited 1669 petrochemical workers and detected their urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) concentration and erythroid-related hematological parameters. Indices for fat content included body fat percentage (BF%), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) , and occurrence of fatty liver.
Results: The dose-response curve revealed U-shaped nonlinear relationships of SPMA with hematocrit (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ( P -overall <0.001, and P -nonlinear < 0.015), as well as positive linear associations and r-shaped nonlinear relationships of continuous fat content indices with erythroid-related hematological parameters ( P -overall ≤ 0.005). We also observed modification effects of fat content on the associations between benzene exposure and erythroid-related hematological parameters, with workers of lower or higher BF% more sensitive to benzene-induced elevation of MCHC ( P interaction =0.021), while workers of lower or higher TG more sensitive to benzene-induced decrease of HCT ( P interaction = 0.050). We also found that some erythroid-related hematologic parameters were different in categories with different SPMA level and fat content.
Conclusions: Our study suggested that benzene exposure, fat content, and their interactions may affect erythroid-related hematological parameters in petrochemical workers in a complex manner that are worthy of further investigation.
