Figure 2 - uploaded by Felix Riede
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The lithic tool-set of the Hamburgian: A) single faced dual platform blade core, B) blade-end scraper with lateral retouch, C) symmetrical dihedral burin on blade, D) combination tool, E) double Zinken, F-G) Classic Hamburgian shouldered, and H-I) Havelte-phase tanged projectile point. The material stems from the A-G) Meiendorf 2, H) Jels 1, and I) Jels 2 inventories and are redrawn from Rust (1937) and Holm and Rieck (1992), respectively, by Louise Hilmar, Moesgaard Museum.
Source publication
The Late Upper Palaeolithic Hamburgian tradition reflects the earliest known human presence in northern Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum. We report here on the open-air site of Jels 3 (Denmark) and its associated stone tool assemblage, which can be unambiguously attributed to this period. Along with only a handful of other sites, Jels 3 repres...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... all formal tools are produced from blades struck from single-faced opposed-platform blade cores. The frequency of double-ended combination tools is notably high (Figure 2). A division of the Hamburgian into several subdivisions has previously been attempted based on subtle changes in tool forms and frequencies (Tromnau 1975), but only two chronological phases or facies are recognized today, namely the earlier and more southeastern classic Hamburgian and the slightly later and more northwestern Havelte phases. ...
Citations
... Intriguingly, primary lithic production remained stable throughout the Hamburgian tenure, while the shape of projectile points changed: the early phase of dispersal can be linked to so-called classic Hamburgian points, whereas its later phase can be associated with so-called Havelte points. Arguably, the morphologies of these points support the notion that only very few individuals made their way into this periphery (Pedersen, Poulsen, and Riede 2022). The aim of this study is to examine whether these expansion pulses, and, with them, the changing morphologies of the projectiles, can be directly linked to changing climate and if so, which climatic parameters are most strongly implicated as drivers of the successive expansions as well as of the eventual disappearance of the Hamburgian. ...
... Similarly, large parts of the North Sea basin are also marked as unsuitable during pulse 2, which may have been further aggravated by rapidly rising sea levels during the GI-1e warming (Deschamps et al. 2012). Note, too, that the northernmost pulse 2 sites-Jels (Pedersen, Poulsen, and Riede 2022) and Krogsbølle (Riede et al. 2019), for instance-are located very close to the edges of the modeled niche space, beyond which suitability declines abruptly (see fig. 4), indicating that these people at times operated at-perhaps beyond-the very limits of their adaptive capacities. ...
This chapter starts with a theoretical introduction to the concept of the creation and perception of cultural landscapes. Niche construction theory and human agency, often treated as controverse concepts are discussed as complementary aspects of human environment relations. The DPSIR framework (the concept of Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses) is applied as valuable approach for the explanation of the transformations in human behaviour in reaction to environmental developments. Aspects of intended and unintended reactions to human agency and action are discussed as well as the temporal and spatial scales of transformations that consequently occured. Therefore, four examples are presented from case studies within the CRC 1266. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic use of natural resources will have left visible but short-lived traces in the landscape as first steps towards a cultural landscape. The role of humans in the spread of plants and the influence of human action on the plant distribution and composition are discussed in this context. The Neolithic transformation shows a new dimension of changes in the landscape. The producing economy leads to a wide range of resource extractions that enable a much higher population being nourished by the manipulated environment with anthropogenic open land as a new landscape element or niche. Bronze Age progression and intensification of land use in many areas lead to soil degradation and the widespread expansion of heathlands. Even though the process was too slow to be perceived consciously, associated economic adaptations to this new type of cultural landscape are observable. The fourth example explains an unexpected positive aspect of deforestation. In the context of Neolithic Trypillian megasites the soil developed towards a deep and fertile Chernozem. The role of earthworms is discussed as key factor for the soil development in the transition from a forest and forest steppe towards the agrarian steppe of today. The difference between human agency and human action is discussed for the presented examples as the awareness of the consequences of human behaviour very much depends the velocity of changes and human perception.
