Figure - available from: Wireless Networks
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
Nowadays, blockchain technology and industry has developed rapidly all over the world, which is inseparable from continuous innovation and improvement on smart contract technology. Therefore, by summarizing the working principle and application research status of blockchain smart contract, this paper analyzes the development and challenges of smart...
Similar publications
The blockchain is a distributed technology which allows establishing trust among unreliable users who interact and perform transactions with each other. While blockchain technology has been mainly used for crypto-currency, it has emerged as an enabling technology for establishing trust in the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, a n...
Citations
... Additionally, blockchain supports the deployment of smart contracts that automatically execute various application logic. Smart contracts are immutable, and their execution process is transparent and auditable [36]. ...
The rapid growth of electronic health (eHealth) systems has led to serious security and privacy challenges, highlighting the critical importance of protecting sensitive healthcare data. Although researchers have employed blockchain to tackle data management and sharing within eHealth systems, substantial privacy concerns persist as a primary challenge. In this paper, we introduce TrustHealth, a secure data sharing system that leverages trusted execution environment (TEE) and blockchain technology. TrustHealth leverages blockchain to design smart contracts to offer robust hashing protection for patients’ healthcare data. We provide a secure execution environment for SQLCipher, isolating all sensitive operations of healthcare data from the untrusted environment to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data. Additionally, we design a TEE-empowered session key generation protocol that enables secure authentication and key sharing for both parties involved in data sharing. Finally, we implement TrustHealth using Hyperledger Fabric and ARM TrustZone. Through security and performance evaluation, TrustHealth is shown to securely process massive encrypted data flows at a rate of 5000 records per second, affirming the feasibility of our proposed scheme. We believe that TrustHealth offers valuable guidelines for the design and implementation of similar systems, providing a valuable contribution to ensuring the privacy and security of eHealth systems.
... within the contract, initiate the execution of predefined functions within the contract, store information, track states, and perform calculations within the contract, reduce the risk of manipulation and human intervention [12]. Smart contracts offer several potential benefits, such as transparency, security, efficiency, automation, cost savings, and more. ...
Projects in the AEC industry often experience significant schedule delays due to complexity, inadequate planning , design inconsistencies, resource unavailability, poor resource utilization, or scope changes. This requires the use of project management techniques to control these challenges. This paper focuses on buffer monitoring and management in Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) schedules, integrating blockchain technology to improve project stability and performance. It introduces a framework for implementing blockchain-based CCPM buffer monitoring while utilizing the Design Science Research methodology through six research stages: problem identification, literature review, brainstorming, system design, testing, and evaluation. The evaluation includes regression analysis and a questionnaire survey to assess the prototype system. The findings emphasize blockchain's potential for real-time updates, early risk detection, and enhanced collaboration, benefiting project stakeholders. Further research is encouraged on scalability, interoperability, feasibility in various project contexts , potential risks, and mitigation approaches, contributing to advancements in project management research and practice.
... Decentralised "models" such as smart contracts could enable coordination between the actors involved, including farmers and stakeholders, and their transactions in the supply chain. The implementation of smart contracts within ICT can increase the efficiency and transparency of operations along the agri-food supply chain-linked to the blue, orange and purple clusters respectively (Lin et al., 2022). ...
Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of blockchain to agri-food supply chains, including key issues and trends. It examines the state of the art and conceptual structure of the field and proposes an agenda to guide future research.
Design/methodology/approach
This article performs a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software on a sample of 205 articles from the WoS database to identify research trend topics.
Findings
The number of publications in this area has increased since 2020, which shows a growing research interest. The research hotspots are related to the integration of blockchain technology in the agri-food supply chain for traceability, coordination between all actors involved, transparency of operations and improvement of food safety. Furthermore, this is linked to sustainability and the achievement of the sustainable development gtoals (SDGs), while addressing key challenges in the implementation of blockchain-based technologies in the agri-food supply chain.
Practical implications
The application of blockchain in the agri-food supply chain may consider four key aspects. Firstly, the implementation of blockchain can improve the traceability of food products. Secondly, this technology supports sustainability issues and could avoid disruptions in the agri-food supply chain. Third, blockchain improves food quality and safety control throughout the supply chain. Fourthly, the findings show that regulation is needed to improve trust between stakeholders.
Originality/value
The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the blockchain phenomenon in the agri-food supply chain by optimising the search criteria. Moreover, it serves to bridge to future research by identifying gaps in the field.
... The proliferation of tools, such as highly advanced technology software, printers, and scanners that professional counterfeiters work on, has made it difficult for the average employee in government and private sectors to detect forged documents. In this manuscript, we have addressed and overcome several critical challenges related to securing documents and stamp seals, which can be summarized as follows [1][2][3][4]: ...
... Also, the storage data must be decentralized, multiplexed, and distributed across an entire network of computer systems allowing all participants to verify the stored data or records. Document verification can be achieved optimally by applying Blockchain technology [1,7,8]. We can summarize the main contributions of this article in the following points: Generate a QR code to access encrypted information quickly and securely. ...
In an era where personal identification, academic achievements, and other critical records are increasingly digitized, the integrity of such documents is paramount. Conventional validation methods, such as stamp seal imprints from authoritative bodies, are under siege by sophisticated counterfeiters, leveraging technological advancements to undermine document authenticity. This study introduces a groundbreaking dual-strategy framework to fortify the security of these stamp seals through orchestrated partial and full digitalization. Our multifaceted approach synthesizes an array of authenticity indicators-encompassing stamp seal images, digital signatures, watermarks, and distinct textual elements-within a robust feature extraction and analysis protocol. This protocol is meticulously engineered to validate the integrity of both physical and digital documentation. Central to our framework is integrating a decentralized blockchain platform, which serves as a bastion for the encrypted authenticity data, ensuring a tamper-resistant, transparent, and distributable ledger of the stamp seals without any reliance on intermediaries. Complementing this, we generate a Quick Response (QR) code for each document, which serves as a portal to interface swiftly and securely with the blockchain record. Our comprehensive testing yields an impressive 98% accuracy and security rate in document and stamp seal imprint verification, markedly enhancing retrieval speeds. The culmination of our research is establishing a rapid, secure, and immutable verification system that significantly eclipses traditional centralized methods, heralding a new standard in document security.
... When a smart contract is put into action on a blockchain, the code it contains is replicated across the network of nodes, ensuring transparency and security. These smart contracts offer inventive solutions not only in the financial sector but also have a significant role in the administration of various aspects, including information, assets, contracts, oversight, and other elements within the broader social system (Lin et al, 2022). ...
... The progress underlying smart contracts is visible in three distinct stages throughout the ongoing development of Blockchain technology (Lin et al, 2022), as depicted in Figure 1. Stage 1 is Blockchain 1.0 where Bitcoin stands out as the primary representative application. ...
The evolution of blockchain technology, notably exemplified by Bitcoin, heralded a new era where smart contracts have taken center stage. Smart contracts are ingenious self-executing contracts that empower automatic enforcement of contractual terms, eliminating the need for intermediaries or trusted third parties. Consequently, smart contracts offer multifaceted benefits, including streamlined administrative procedures, cost savings, enhanced operational efficiency, and risk reduction. This chapter aims to provide the pivotal technical aspects of smart contracts and their significance within the blockchain technology landscape. The authors begin by elucidating fundamental concepts, structural intricacies, and the working principles of smart contracts. Subsequently, they delve into the technological platforms that support smart contracts. They then provide an overview of the application landscape, with a focus on Ethereum and hyperledger fabric platforms. Finally, they address the challenges associated with smart contract technology and offer insights into potential opportunities.
... Besides, consensus mechanisms have evolved to include a variety of consensus algorithms for different application scenarios with the development of applications in various industries. Smart contracts [33]: Smart contracts are a set of digital protocols programmed in a blockchain network that allow trusted, traceable, and irreversible transactions without the need for a third party. Smart contracts are co-regulated and automatically executed by multiple nodes to guarantee the validity of transactions and update the distributed ledger. ...
... Smart contracts can be programmed to automatically execute predefined actions based on data from monitoring tools [81,82]. For example, if a certain threshold for ground movement is exceeded, the smart contract can trigger an alert, shutdown procedures, or evacuation protocols, ensuring compliance with safety measures. ...
... With the advantages of Blockchain, smart contracts have been widely used in Blockchain. Smart contracts can not only change the existing business model but also bring a lot of convenience to public life in reality [10]. The concept of a "smart contract" was first introduced in 1995 by Nick Szabo, who defined it as follows: "a smart contract is a set of commitments defined in digital form, including the agreement that the participants in the contract can implement these commitments" [11]. ...
... Following the progressive evolution of Blockchain technology, the development of smart contracts can be classified into three stages: Blockchain 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 [10]. In Blockchain 1.0, the main application is Bitcoin. ...
The theoretical foundations and indeed implications related to the emergence of digital assets, particularly cryptocurrencies, remain a scarcely explored area in recent academic literature. This chapter aims to analyze the presumed influences of various economic schools of thought on the genesis of Bitcoin, the monetary policies underlying several digital assets, and the evolution of their market capitalization since 2009. The study also addresses the case of several cryptocurrency exchange platforms, commonly known as crypto exchanges, and focuses on industrial entities, such as Ledger and Bitmain. An overview of use cases involving “smart contracts” and Blockchain technology is provided. This chapter seeks to revisit the emergence of different approaches to national regulation on a global scale and to establish international comparisons. The examples of Japan, long trapped in a deflationary spiral, and Argentina, facing hyperinflation, are particularly enlightening for understanding the legal treatment of digital assets and their perception by local authorities. Two central questions guide this exploration: what are the economic and ideological foundations underlying the conception of Bitcoin, and to what extent does the current development of the digital asset ecosystem remain true to the initial ideas of Satoshi Nakamoto?
... Since the creation and popularity of Bitcoin, researchers and practitioners have realized that the potential of blockchain technology is unpredictable [2]. As blockchain has the characteristics of eliminating intermediaries, transparency, immutability, and so on, it solves the problem of information authenticity in the digital virtual world [3]. ...
Nowadays, because of the Bitcoin and meta universe, blockchain wins a lot of attention from both the public and researchers, more and more people have started to work hard in this new area which has led the quick updates of the latest research progress and applications. This article tries to help other researchers have a clearer understanding of the current situation of blockchain applications. Chapter One first gives the historical background of blockchain's applications. It then comes out the research on the top popular applications in the blockchain field, how they become popular, and what improvements they can have. On the one hand, it aims to help researchers and entrepreneurs understand the market distribution and blockchain application development trends. On the other hand, it provides some ideas about existing problems of blockchain applications.
... incorporate new blocks into the distributed digital ledger. Nevertheless, the incorporation of IoT through blockchain technology faces signi cant limitations of scalability in terms of transactions per second, storage capacity, and energy consumption [3], [5]. Moreover, managing a large number of IoT devices poses signi cant challenges in terms of the e ciency and performance of these networks [9]. ...
... Moreover, managing a large number of IoT devices poses signi cant challenges in terms of the e ciency and performance of these networks [9]. These limitations arise due to the computational complexity of demanding consensus algorithms [3], [8]. Furthermore, in extensive IoT data applications effective data storage and management signi cantly in uence the performance and e ciency of blockchain-enabled networks [10]. ...
... Blockchain-enabled IoT networks are becoming more popular, but they are having trouble scaling for greater numbers of devices and extensive data storage requirements [3]. The current state of blockchain presents some issues wherein a greater number of IoT nodes join the network, leading to degradation in performance and e ciency [11], [12]. ...
Recent research has focused on applying blockchain technology to solve security-related problems in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, the inherent scalability issues of blockchain technology become apparent in the presence of a vast number of IoT devices and the substantial data generated by these networks. Therefore, in this paper, we use a lightweight consensus algorithm to cater to these problems. We propose a scalable blockchain-based framework for managing IoT data, catering to a large number of devices. This framework utilizes the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus algorithm to ensure enhanced performance and efficiency in resource-constrained IoT networks. DPoS being a lightweight consensus algorithm leverages a selected number of elected delegates to validate and confirm transactions, thus mitigating the performance and efficiency degradation in the blockchain-based IoT networks. In this paper, we implemented an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for distributed storage, and Docker to evaluate the network’s performance in terms of throughput, latency, and resource utilization. We divided our analysis into four parts: Latency, throughput, resource utilization, and file upload time and speed in distributed storage evaluation. Our empirical findings demonstrate that our framework exhibits low latency, measuring less than 0.976 milliseconds. The proposed technique outperforms Proof of Stake (PoS), representing a state-of-the-art consensus technique. We also demonstrate that the proposed approach is useful in IoT applications where low latency or resource efficiency is required.
