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The level of pro-inflammatory factor NFκB (p52), and pro- and antiapoptotic proteins (cytochrome c, p53, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, 8, 9, Bax) in keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to UVA (30 J/cm² and 20 J/cm², respectively) and UVB irradiation (60 mJ/cm² and 200 mJ/cm², respectively) and treated with rutin (25 µM) and ascorbic acid (100 µM). Electrophorogram images are included as a supplementary material. Mean values ± SD of three independent experiments are presented. xStatistically significant differences vs. non-treated group, p < 0.05; yStatistically significant differences vs. respectively group without chemical treatment, p < 0.05; aStatistically significant differences vs. Ascorbic A. treated group, p < 0.05; bStatistically significant differences vs. Rutin treated group, p < 0.05
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The combination of ascorbic acid and rutin is frequently used in oral preparations. However, despite numerous protective effects of each component individually, their combined effect on ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated skin cells has never been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of ascorbic acid and rutin on human kerat...
Citations
... The use of phloretin reduces inflammation [45] and, therefore, allows the skin to rebuild its hydrolipidic barrier, which is reflected in improved TEWL and increased hydration. In many other studies with Vitamin C, no significant improvement in skin hydration or TEWL was observed, which was attributed to the exfoliation of epidermal cells due to the acidity of ascorbic acid, resulting in surface skin dehydration [46,47]. In this study, the delivery of the active substance deep into the skin may have prevented this effect. ...
Antioxidants (including Vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin) are among the compounds used in skincare products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination containing L-ascorbic acid, ferulic acid, and phloretin. The delivery of active substances was facilitated by micro-needle mesotherapy and sonophoresis. The study was completed by 22 volunteers. The study resulted in a significant reduction of erythema and an improvement in skin hydration. According to participants, the therapy yielded visible anti-aging effects. The combination of up to three antioxidant-active ingredients and the use of transdermal application methods proved to be both safe and effective.
... Long-term exposure to UV radiation poses the danger of skin damage, accelerated aging of the skin, wrinkles, sagging, sunburn, inflammation, and even mutations that lead to the development of various types of skin cancer [3]. It must be emphasized that large dosages of UV radiation cause changes in the cellular redox balance and, as a result, oxidative alterations of lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which interfere with cellular metabolism by triggering photoreaction processes [50]. Regular and often unavoidable exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation makes it one of the most critical factors that cause DNA damage in human cells [51]. ...
Sunlight radiation is a fundamental component of our daily lives. Specifically, blue light as well as UV light appear to play a role in the development of oxidative stress, DNA damage, photoaging, and pigmentation through the chromophores in skin tissues. However, several skin problems like psoriasis, eczema, and atopic dermatitis can be avoided with short-duration exposures to low-energy blue light radiation or UV radiation. In addition, exploring the effects of blue light as well as UV radiation on skin is quite essential for the development of minimally invasive antiaging strategies and for the design of innovative cosmetic formulations in modern aesthetics and cosmetology. Thus, in this review, we present the advantages as well as the disadvantages of light radiation, with a special focus on blue light and UV radiation activity on the human skin. We also discuss the molecular action of blue light and UV radiation on human skin. Other types of light radiation are included to holistically approach the effect of light on human skin.
... One of the most important functions of rutin is the ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by scavenging ROS or preventing their formation (Mehta et al., 2021), which is directly correlated with its antioxidant properties. Rutin, together with ascorbic acid, showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities against UV-induced skin damage, suggesting that both compounds are potentially cytoprotective (Gęgotek et al., 2019). This flavonoid is also a promising neuroprotective compound that may help to fight with neurodegenerative diseases by reducing proinflammatory cytokines and improving antioxidant enzyme activities, among other processes (Enogieru et al., 2018). ...
During the last decade, research has shown the environment and human health benefits of growing buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.). This comprehensive review aims to summarize the major advancements made in the study of buckwheat from 2013 to 2023, focusing on its agronomic characteristics, nutritional value, and potential applications in sustainable agriculture. The review examines the diverse applications of buckwheat in organic and agroecological farming systems, and discusses the ability of buckwheat to control weeds through allelopathy, competition, and other sustainable farming methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping and green manure, while improving soil health and biodiversity. The review also explores the nutritional value of buckwheat. It delves into the composition of buckwheat grains, emphasizing their high protein content, and the presence of essential amino acids and valuable micronutrients, which is linked to health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels, controlling diabetes and acting against different types of cancer, among others. Finally, the review concludes by highlighting the gaps in current knowledge, and proposing future research directions to further optimize buckwheat production in organic or agroecological farming systems. It emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches to unlock the full potential of buckwheat as a sustainable crop.
... The most common polyphenolic compounds are flavonoids. In this regard, of particular interest is rutin (3,5,7,3',4'pentahydroxyflavone-3-rutoside, Rut, Fig. 1), which belongs to the group of vitamins P and has antioxidant properties [1][2][3]. ...
Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the effect of pH and the Co:Rut ratio on redox potentials and electrical conductivity of water-alcohol solutions of Co(II) complexes with rutin (Rut). It was found that the reduction potentials for the ratio Co:Rut=1:1 and 1:2 are in the range of –0.110 V to –0.197 V relative to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which is significantly higher than the potentials for known flavonoids. In an alkaline medium, the absolute value of the reduction potential increases regardless of the composition of the sample. The measured range of oxidizing potentials for all compounds is in the range of +0.02 V to +0.094 V relative to Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which corresponds to the potentials of compounds with self-oxidizing activity. It is assumed that an increase in oxidative potentials up to 0.094 V can characterize the antioxidant activity, which is associated with the manifestation of the autoxidizing properties of the complex in the presence of oxygen and is due to the participation of different binding sites in chelation with the metal. Using the data of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the capacity of electrical double layer of a platinum electrode in water–alcohol solutions containing Co(II) complexes with rutin was calculated. An increase in capacitance values by an order of magnitude was observed at a ratio of metal:ligand=2:1 in comparison with the complexes having a ratio of 1:1. The effect of an excess of hydroxyl ions on the charge distribution at the electrode/solution interface was experimentally established, leveling the effect of the Co:Rut ratio on the electrochemical properties.
... Previous proteomic studies performed by the authors indicated a strong protective effect of ascorbic acid on keratinocytes after exposure to UV radiation (Gęgotek, Bielawska, et al., 2017;Gęgotek, Ambrożewicz, et al., 2019;; however, literature data clearly indicate that EAA has even stronger antioxidant properties (Golonka et al., 2017), including ROS scavenging and stimulation of collagen synthesis (Chen et al., 2021b). The results of this study fully confirm the antioxidant activity of the EAA, which completely reverses changes caused by UVA radiation at the level of protein expression. ...
Excessive daily exposure of human skin to natural UVA radiation leads to impaired redox homeostasis in epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in changes in their proteome. Commonly used antioxidants usually exhibit protection in a narrowed range, which makes it necessary to combine their effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the protective effect of cannabigerol (CBG) and 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (EAA), used separately and together, on the proteomic profile of UVA irradiated keratinocytes. Proteomic analysis with the use of the Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer, combined with biostatistic tests, performed on UVA-irradiated keratinocytes indicated enhanced and lowered expression of 186 and 160 proteins, respectively. CBG treatment after UVA irradiation reduced these numbers to 110 upregulated and 49 downregulated proteins, while EAA eliminated all these changes. CBG completely eliminated the UV-induced effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and significantly increased the level of proteins responsible for cellular locomotion. On the other hand, CBG reduced the level of UVA-induced 4-HNE-protein adducts 5-fold, whereas EAA had no effect on this modification. At the same time, CBG and EAA did not modify the expression/structure of proteins in relation to the non-irradiated control keratinocytes in the case of an unaccompanied use, or slightly modified the protein profile when used in a mixture. The combined protective effects of CBG on protein structure and EAA on protein expression profile allowed to obtain a wider protection of cells against UVA radiation, compared to when the compounds were used alone. Significance Statement Proteomic analysis of human skin cells allows to conclude that EAA eliminates UVA-induced changes in the expression of keratinocyte proteins, while CBG significantly reduces 4-HNE-protein adducts. The combined protective effects of CBG on protein structure and of EAA on protein expression profile allowed to obtain a wider protection of cells against UVA radiation.
... Therefore, there is a constant pursuit of natural substances and compounds to protect the skin against the adverse effects of solar radiation. Prior research suggests that UVB radiation can have a pro-oxidative effect on keratinocytes, leading to an increase in the activity of ROS-generating enzymes such as NOX and XO [35,36]. This pro-oxidative effect is also accompanied by a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of keratinocytes, as cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, and the glutathione-dependent and thioredoxin-dependent systems, are reduced, thereby limiting their ability to counteract the increased generation of ROS and protect cellular components [37,38]. ...
The exposure of skin cells to UV radiation leads to redox imbalances and inflammation. The present study investigates a lipid extract obtained from the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica as a potential protector against UVB-induced disturbances in human keratinocytes. The findings of this study show that the Nannochloropsis oceanica extract significantly inhibits UVB-induced cell death while concurrently decreasing the activity of pro-oxidative enzymes (xanthine and NADPH oxidase) and reducing the levels of ROS. Furthermore, the extract augments the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases and catalase), as well as glutathione/thioredoxin-dependent systems in UVB-irradiated cells. The expression of Nrf2 factor activators (p62, KAP1, p38) was significantly elevated, while no impact was observed on Nrf2 inhibitors (Keap1, Bach1). The antioxidant activity of the extract was accompanied by the silencing of overexpressed membrane transporters caused by UVB radiation. Furthermore, the Nannochloropsis oceanica extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes by decreasing the levels of TNFα, 8-iso prostaglandin F2, and 4-HNE-protein adducts. In conclusion, the lipid components of Nannochloropsis oceanica extract effectively prevent the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of UVB radiation in keratinocytes, thereby stabilizing the natural metabolism of skin cells.
... In this study, various complementary spectrophotometric methods were used to assess the antioxidant ability of EA and its derivatives, including the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species inhibition (TBARS) assay, iron chelating activity, and reducing power. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid (AA), EDTA, and rutin were used as the standard antioxidants (Cheng et al., 2007;Ebrahimzadeh et al., 2008;Gęgotek et al., 2019;Zeouk et al. 2020). ...
The present study aims to screen some pharmacological activities of three promising ethacrynic acid (EA) derivatives (P3, P4, and P5) containing a piperazine moiety. The EA derivatives were tested against MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line as a model for the triple-negative breast cancer and MCF7 cancer cell line as a model subtype of luminal breast cancer using the methyl tetrazolium test (MTT). Additionally, the modulation of the glutathione and thioredoxin enzymatic systems, as well as the antioxidant and cytoprotective potential of each compound, were investigated. Moreover, initial in vitro safety screening was conducted using human blood cells. As a result, EA derivatives showed clear dose-dependent antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range (between 1.13 and 2.51 µM), with high selectivity to cancer cells by orchestrating oxidative stress. Derivative P3 has the most promising potential for further preclinical investigation, owing to its safety profile and significant cytoprotective and antitumor properties.
... Our results suggest the antiapoptotic action of vitamins C and B12 through a significant reduction in activated caspase-3 levels and DNA fragmentation in irradiated rats pretreated with vitamins (C and B12). These findings concur with the previous reports of Rössig and Hoffmann [103], Hassan and Salem [104], and Gęgotek and Ambrożewicz [105], indicating the antiapoptotic action of vitamin C; moreover, Majumdar and Maiti [106] and Wu and Xu [107] illustrated the antiapoptotic efficacy of vitamin B12. Interestingly, vitamin administration could decrease UVC-induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. ...
Ultraviolet C (UVC) devices are an effective means of disinfecting surfaces and protecting medical tools against various microbes, including coronavirus. Overexposure to UVC can induce oxidative stress, damage the genetic material, and harm biological systems. This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of vitamin C and B12 against hepatotoxicity in UVC-intoxicated rats. Rats were irradiated with UVC (725.76, 967.68, and 1048.36 J/cm2) for 2 weeks. The rats were pretreated with the aforementioned antioxidants for two months before UVC irradiation. The prophylactic effect of vitamins against UVC hepatotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological and ultrastructural alterations. Rats exposed to UVC showed a significant increase in liver enzymes, oxidant–antioxidant balance disruption, and increased hepatic inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IDO-1). Additionally, obvious over-expression of activated caspase-3 protein and DNA fragmentation were detected. Histological and ultrastructural examinations verified the biochemical findings. Co-treatment with vitamins ameliorated the deviated parameters to variable degrees. In conclusion, vitamin C could alleviate UVC-induced hepatotoxicity more than vitamin B12 by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. This study could provide a reference for the clinical practice of vitamin C and B12 as radioprotective for workers in UVC disinfectant areas.
... When lowering ROS levels, CBD also protects non-enzymatic antioxidants through the prevention of their oxidation. This is relevant because glutathione cooperates with other low molecular weight compounds in antioxidant action, especially with vitamins such as A, E and C 75 . Repeated doses of CBD in inflammatory conditions increase peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity, resulting in decreased malonaldehyde levels 72 . ...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The use of cannabinoids for epileptic syndrome and control of side effects associated with chemotherapy is already widespread and supported by several well-controlled clinical trials. However, the use of these drugs in inflammatory pathologies is sometimes underestimated due to lack of scientific knowledge with a high degree of evidence, non-recognition of the endocannabinoid system as an active participant in these diseases, as well as fear of the stereotype surrounding the use of cannabis derivatives. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids on various physiological systems in which these ligands interact.
CONTENTS
Studies cited in this review were obtained by searching Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scielo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS, and through the authors’ familiarity with the published literature in this area of interest. Clinical, observational and intervention, experimental, qualitative studies and review articles were all included in the search. Articles were identified using the following descriptors: cannabis and tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol and endocannabinoids and anti-inflammatory inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, a manual revision of relevant references was also performed to capture articles that may not have been picked up through the initial search. The literature investigation was conducted from March 22 to May 2022.
CONCLUSION
Cannabinoids show to be a promising therapeutic option in the context of inflammatory diseases, given the complete and complex relationship between the endocannabinoid system and the immune system. The setback to be overcome in the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory drugs includes the synthesis of non-psychoactive cannabinoid receptor agonists while maintaining potent anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to increase our understanding of cannabinoids and their intricate effects on immune system disorders.
Keywords:
Anti-inflammatory agents; Cannabinoids; Inflammation; Pain
... Rutin has also been demonstrated to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation following bisphenol and dibutyl phthalate exposure through upregulation of Nrf2, SOD, GSH and inhibition of NF-κB activation (403). Rutin, along with ascorbic acid, abrogates UVA-and UVB-induced damage in skin keratinocytes, providing cytoprotective activity via the activation of Nrf2 signaling (404). The in-vivo activity of rutin against various cancers has been associated with the suppression of STAT3/NF-κB, Bcl-2, AP-1, p38 MAPK and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ...
The Kelch-like eCH associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements (ARe) signaling pathway is considered a master regulator of the cellular response against oxidative stress. Numerous studies have investigated the role of Keap1/Nrf2/ARe in the different stages of cancer development. A comprehensive literature search using the Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct databases was performed to retrieve information related to the cancer protective role of 21 selected dietary polyphenols via modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARe and interconnected signaling pathways/ proteins (MAPK/eRK1/2, Pi3K/Akt, PKD, JNKs, AMPK, NF-κB). information on the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects caused by the selected dietary polyphenols following Keap1/Nrf2/ARe modulation was also collected. The majority of the studies analyzed in this review demonstrated the cancer protective role of the selected polyphenols mostly in-vitro. Limited work was performed in-vivo and only one of the selected polyphenols was subjected to a clinical trial. it is hoped that this review will encourage further in-vivo studies to confirm the cancer protective role of methyleugenol, carnosol, and catechin, as well as further clinical trials to unambiguously establish whether the consumption of dietary polyphenols impacts on the incidence and progression of cancers in humans.
