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Ophthalmomyiasis rarely occurs worldwide, and has not been reported in Korea. We present here a case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by Phormia sp. fly larva in an enucleated eye of a patient. In June 2010, a 50-year-old man was admitted to Dankook University Hospital for surgical excision of a malignant melanoma located in the right auricular area. He...
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... mous cell carcinoma 5 years ago. During hospitalization, for- eign body sensation developed in his right eye on 9 June, and close examination revealed a moving fly larva inside the eye cavity (external type). The larva was removed and sent to the Department of Parasitology for analysis. The larva was white, wriggling, and 9.0 mm× 2.0 mm in size (Fig. 1). Examination of posterior spiracles on a glass slide under light ...Similar publications
This research was carried out in the oil extraction field located in Urucu River Basin, Coari, State of Amazonas, Brazil, during the months of April, June and October of 2007. A total of 16 areas were sampled, 12 of them were gaps and four forests, arranged in four environments (gaps litlle-recovered, gaps semi-recovered, gaps well-recovered and pr...
Summary. Stomorhina siamensisKurahashi et Tumrasvin, 1992 has been recorded for
the first time from India (Western Ghats). A key to eight species of the genusStomorhina
Rondani, 1861 recorded so far from India is provided.
Key words: Diptera, Calliphoridae, Rhiniinae, Stomorhina, faunistic, key, India.
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Chrysomya chani Kurahashi, 1979 is
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Citations
... If a malignancy is confirmed, the patient should receive tetanus prophylaxis and surgical excision. [5][6][7] Another 25,28,30,38,39,41,43,44,46,48,53,56,60,61,66,68,70,72,78,83,87,102,103 Some special considerations should be considered such as mechanical methods which imply the risk of incomplete extraction or retention of the larva inside the wound with consequent inflammation, and bacterial infection. The use of antibiotics and wound-cleansing agents is limited for cases of simultaneous infection. ...
Background:
Cutaneous myiasis in patients with malignant wounds or skin cancer is a rare and undesirable event with limited epidemiological data. A subregister of reports, lack of education in the population, inadequate empirical treatments, and medical underestimation are components of a public health problem that threatens patients' lives.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of the literature of cutaneous myiasis associated with malignant wounds and skin cancer, characterizing sociodemographic variables, risk factors, clinical and histological features, and treatment. Additionally, we present a demonstrative case with the adequate taxonomic evaluation.
Discussion:
Cutaneous myiasis is an underestimated and poorly managed infestation, which can generate severe complications in oncological patients. This is the first systematic review in the literature about this clinical scenario, which provides information to the physician and clinical researcher about the epidemiological gaps and what has been published so far.
Conclusions:
Findings from the current review have helped to display the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical behavior of myiasis in skin cancer and malignant wounds. Its contribution to the greater tumor tissue destruction is clear; however, more studies are required. The therapeutic management in these patients is equally clarified.
... 1,2 Ophthalmomyasis is infrequent because, according to literature, it accounts for less than 5% of myasis cases. 3 Ophthalmomyasis is classified in 3 clinic forms: (a) external, where the larvae infest eyelids on the ocular surface; (b) internal, where the larvae penetrate the ocular globe and can infest the vitreous cavity or subretinal space, and (c) orbitary when they invade orbitary space and tissues. 4 The most frequent ophthalmomyosis in humans is external, mostly caused by Oestrus ovis (ram fly) found all over the world. ...
... 4 Extraocular ophthalmomyosis could become intraocular depending, among other factors, on the larva species and host risk factors. 2,3 It is important to identify the larva species because it could also provide information such as exposure time. 7,8 Phormia sp. is a member of the Diptera order and the Calliphoridae family and can reside, generally in post mortem tissue, from day 1 to 14. Said dipter deposits eggs in all discontinuous tissues of corpses and is mainly found in damaged tissue. ...
... 7,8 Phormia sp. is known to have forensic importance because it assists in establishing the post mortem interval. 3,8 As regards treatment, physical extraction of larvae is recommended. In order to avoid relapses, a single dose of ivermectin at 300 g/kg can be utilized, together with broad range antibiotic therapy covering aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. ...
Clinical case
An 18 year-old male patient presented with an injury to the left eye caused by a firearm. He remained unconscious for 2 days in an agricultural area, had a visual acuity of non-perception of light, wounds with loss of substance in upper and lower eyelid, atalamia, hypotonia, corneal edema, wound with uveal exposure and exit of larvae in zone II. He was subjected to evisceration of the left eye.
Discussion
An untreated open ocular traumatism is a risk factor for intraocular ophthalmomyiasis.
... 1,2 Ophthalmomyasis is infrequent because, according to literature, it accounts for less than 5% of myasis cases. 3 Ophthalmomyasis is classified in 3 clinic forms: (a) external, where the larvae infest eyelids on the ocular surface; (b) internal, where the larvae penetrate the ocular globe and can infest the vitreous cavity or subretinal space, and (c) orbitary when they invade orbitary space and tissues. 4 The most frequent ophthalmomyosis in humans is external, mostly caused by Oestrus ovis (ram fly) found all over the world. ...
... 4 Extraocular ophthalmomyosis could become intraocular depending, among other factors, on the larva species and host risk factors. 2,3 It is important to identify the larva species because it could also provide information such as exposure time. 7,8 Phormia sp. is a member of the Diptera order and the Calliphoridae family and can reside, generally in post mortem tissue, from day 1 to 14. Said dipter deposits eggs in all discontinuous tissues of corpses and is mainly found in damaged tissue. ...
... 7,8 Phormia sp. is known to have forensic importance because it assists in establishing the post mortem interval. 3,8 As regards treatment, physical extraction of larvae is recommended. In order to avoid relapses, a single dose of ivermectin at 300 g/kg can be utilized, together with broad range antibiotic therapy covering aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. ...
Clinical case: An 18 year-old male patient presented with an injury to the left eye caused by a firearm. He remained unconscious for 2 days in an agricultural area, had a visual acuity of non-perception of light, wounds with loss of substance in upper and lower eyelid, atalamia, hypotonia, corneal oedema, wound with uveal exposure and exit of larvae in zone II. He was subjected to evisceration of the left eye. Discussion: An untreated open ocular traumatism is a risk factor for intraocular ophthalmomyiasis.
... Even if adult flies are successfully recovered, species-level identification is very difficult without taxonomic knowledge [20]. As a consequence, several human myiasis cases have been reported in Korea without detailed species identification, or with identification only to the genus level [5,8,10,12,13]. To solve this problem, forensic entomologists introduced DNA-based identification, a method that allows easy identification of dipterans even if specimens are immature or dead [20]. In the present study, maggots exhibited typical morphological characteristics described in identification keys [15], and molecular analysis revealed that our specimens had cox1 partial sequences identical with those of L. sericata found in the GenBank database. ...
... These results provided sufficient evidence to regard our specimens as L. sericata. Additionally, our skin-offed techniques could be useful when the number of specimens available for identification is either small or limited to only 1 individual [10]. ...
... In Korea, causative agents of human myiasis cases were mostly identified or suspected as L. sericata or belonging to the genus Lucilia, with the exception of a case involving Phormia sp. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Considering these cases, canine myiasis formerly reported in Korea was also thought to be caused by this species [14]. ...
Myiasis is a relatively common infection of animals kept as pets, although only 1 case of canine myiasis has been described so far in the Republic of Korea. In the present study, we report an additional case of canine wound myiasis with identification of its causative agent, Lucilia sericata. An 8-year-old male Siberian husky dog was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea to the Chungbuk National University Veterinary Medical Center, Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea in July 2013. Physical examination indicated the patient had a deep wound filled with a maggot swarm as a left gluteal lesion. A total of 216 maggots were removed by forceps, and the wounded area was sponged with gauzes and disinfected with 70% alcohol and a povidone-iodine solution. After daily care and suturing the wound, the patient was discharged at day 19 after admission. Recovered worms possessed morphological characteristics similar to those of L. sericata, namely, a sub-cylindrical body with 6-8 lobed anterior spiracles, round shaped with a button surrounded by a peritremal ring with no gaps, and similar distances between dorsal, median, and outer papillae of the 12th segment. Additionally, cox1 partial sequences (528 bp) obtained in the present study showed 100% identity with those of L. sericata (GenBank no. KT272854.1). L. sericata is indicated as a pathogen of myiasis infection not only in humans, but also in animals kept as pets in Korea.
... P. regina may be attracted to careless, festering, malodorous wounds especially if the patient is incapacitated that is in agreement with our case. Recently, a case of human ophthalmomyiasis caused by the larva of Phormia sp. had been recorded in an enucleated patient (Kim et al. 2011). Blow flies are usually the first insects to settle in a body, frequently within minutes after death (Catts and Goff 1992). ...
Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of human by the larvae (maggots) of dipterous fly that grow within the host while feeding on its tissue. Cutaneous myiasis is the most considerably encountered clinical form. Moreover, wound (traumatic) myiasis is the main clinical manifestation of cutaneous myiasis. In this research, we aimed to study the type of infesting larvae that are responsible for wound myiasis in the patients in Minia city, Egypt. Three cases of wound myiasis have been noticed among 280 patients with wounds at different parts of bodies. Two of them were diabetic patients. The third one had a history of hypertension with right side hemiplegia 2 years ago. All of them were elderly. The larvae removed from cases 1 and 3 were identified macroscopically and microscopically as the third-stage larvae of Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis. The larvae removed from case 2 were the third-stage larvae of Phormia regina, which is very rare worldwide. In addition to the open and obsolete wound, diabetes mellitus and low socio-economic circumstances were shown to be attributed as important predisposing risk factors that led to the occurrence of myiasis in these patients.
... The adult flies may also be attracted to neglected, suppurating, malodorous wounds, particularly if the patient is, to a degree, nonambulatory and helpless [3][4][5][6][7]13]. Many previous reports about the involvement of facultative parasites such as Calliphora spp, Phaenicia spp, Lucilia spp, and Phormia spp in myiasis associated with predisposing factors have been published [14][15][16]. However, to our knowledge, there is no report about facultative parasite induced ophthalmomyiasis or myiasis in other parts of the body in healthy patients without predisposing risk factors. ...
A 72-year-old man with no medical history initially presented to the emergency room with severe tearing, redness, foreign body sensation, and pain in the left eye. He reported no previous history of any periocular trauma, malignancy, surgery, or systemic illness. On presentation, the patient only showed left periorbital edema and erythema in the left eyelid with no evidence of any skin malignancy. On slit lamp examination, multiple small whitish motile organisms were observed on the left conjunctival fornices. The organisms were removed, preserved, and identified as the third-stage larvae of Lucilia sericata (green bottle fly). The patient was treated with topical antibiotic and steroid eye drops and the inflammation resolved 1 week after treatment initiation. This is the first report of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by facultative parasite, L. sericata maggots in a healthy patient without any predisposing factors.
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... Females visiting the cat feces are fed on the feces (19). There are some case reports on traumatic dermal myiasis (20,21) and ophthalmomyiasis (22) ...
The occurrence of feline myiasis is rare. Massive infestations of dipteran larvae can lead to death if not treated at an early stage. Auricular, anal and umbilical myiasis was detected in three neonatal kittens. The dipteran larvae were collected, fixed in 70% alcohol and clarified with 10% KOH for a few days. Later, larvae were dissected under the stereomicroscope, mounted on slides and then identified as the third instar of the black blowfly, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), according to their stigmatic and cephaloskeleton structures. Original measurements and figures are presented. Treatment included mechanical removal of larvae and cleansing of the area by applying polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex. The presence of P. regina in cats has been reported here for the first time in Turkey. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2014; 38: 71-5).
... Hypoderma tarandi (the caribou bot fly) has also been implicated in ophthalmomyiasis (99). Phormia has been reported to cause ophthalmomyiasis in hospitalized patients (100). Finally, secondary infestations of Wohlfahrtia, Chrysomya, Cochliomyia, and Phaenicia from wound, oral, and aural myiasis can occur in the eye, often with devastating results (18). ...
SUMMARY The collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. Included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. The public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. The focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the United States. Other arthropods and other organisms not of public health concern, but routinely submitted to laboratories for identification, are also briefly discussed.
... Predisposing conditions to ophthalmomyiasis include local factors such as eye infections or ocular wounds which may have been surgically induced or traumatic in nature, advanced age, debilitation and poor general health [1,3,14,6]. Our patient is a healthy young male who had no predisposing surgical wounds or eye infections. ...
... Afflicted patients may present with catarrhal or follicular conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal abrasions, periorbital oedema, lacrimation, ocular pruritis, and foreign body sensation or reduced visual acuity. Due to the rarity of ophthalmomyiasis and overlapping symptoms with more commonly occurring ophthalmic conditions, thorough ophthalmic examination is required to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment [14,17,18]. ...
Ophthalmomyiasis externa is the infestation of the superficial external ocular structures by fly larvae. This is a particularly rare condition, which has nevertheless been reported in several countries worldwide. Presented herein are the clinicopathologic features of ophthalmomyiasis externa which occurred in an adult patient. The patient responded well to treatment following thorough ophthalmological examination and prompt diagnosis.
... The members of the Calliphoridae are also the most common cause of Korea-acquired myiasis. Among 6 reported cases of myiasis, 5 were caused by Lucilia species with the remaining one by the result of a Phormia species infection [8][9][10][11][12][13]. ...
We report here a case of oral myiasis in the Republic of Korea. The patient was a 37-year-old man with a 30-year history of Becker's muscular dystrophy. He was intubated due to dyspnea 8 days prior to admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). A few hours after the ICU admission, 43 fly larvae were found during suction of the oral cavity. All maggots were identified as the third instars of (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by morphology. We discussed on the characteristics of myiasis acquired in Korea, including the infection risk and predisposing factors.
