Fig 10 - uploaded by Jun-Yuan Ji
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1 The key biochemical reactions and enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis in mammalian hepatocytes . This process is highly conserved in evolution. Transcription of many metabolic enzymes in this process is directly regulated by several transcription factors, such as PPARγ, SREBP, ChREBP, and LXR etc.
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A significant increase in lipogenesis is a metabolic hallmark of proliferating tumor cells and is required for oncogenic transformation of epithelial cells. Although most normal cells acquire the bulk of their fatty acids from the circulation, tumor cells synthesize more than 90 % of required lipids de novo. Consistent with an increased demand for...
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Citations
... The lipogenic effects of t9-18:1 have been reported previously [9,12], but the exact mechanisms are not understood. Recently, Shao and Ford [9] suggested that the lipogenic properties of t9-18:1 in HuH-7 is mediated in part via SREBP1 which is known to be the master transcriptional regulator of lipogenesis [36]. Shao and Ford [9] showed that compared with c9-18:1, t9-18:1 increased SRE-luciferase activity, and increased expression SREBP1 and its target genes (e.g., FAS and SCD1) in hepatocytes. ...
The objective of this research was to study the delta-9 desaturation of individual trans (t) fatty acids that can be found in ruminant fat or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) and determine their effects on lipogenic gene expression in adipocytes. It was hypothesized that delta-9 desaturation and lipogenic properties of t-18:1 isomers depend on the position of double bond. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 200 µM of t6-18:1, t9-18:1, t11-18:1, t13-18:1 or t16-18:1, cis (c)-9 18:1 or bovine serum albumin (BSA) vehicle control for 48 h. Cells were then harvested for fatty acid and gene expression analyses using gas chromatography and quantitative PCR respectively. Among t-18:1 isomers, t13-18:1 and t11-8:1 had the greatest percent delta-9 desaturation (44 and 41 % respectively) followed by t16-18:1 and t6-18:1 (32 and 17 % respectively), while c9-18:1 and t9-18:1 did not undergo delta-9 desaturation. Trans9-18:1 up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of these genes were not affected with other t-18:1 isomers (P > 0.05). Consistent with gene expression results, t9-18:1 increased the de novo lipogenic index (16:0/18:2n-6) compared with control cells and increased delta-9 desaturation index (c9-16:1/18:0) compared to other t-18:1 isomers (P < 0.05). The current study provides further evidence that the predominant trans fatty acid in PHVO (t9-18:1) has isomer specific lipogenic properties.
