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With China's government facilitating railway projects, more railway lines inevitably pass through ecological fragile regions (EFRs). Railway construction activities in EFRs might cause detrimental impacts on the local water-soil environment (WSE), which is the basis of the local ecological system that if destroyed can induce secondary disasters. St...
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The increased need for transportation worldwide has led to intense competition among several transportation types. Thus, considering factors affecting the choice of transportation means of passengers is essential. In many countries, railways have been losing market share in both freight and passenger transport, especially against highways. Railway...
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... China, being the world's second-largest economy, is rushing toward becoming an urbanized and industrialized country (1). The government has gradually enacted laws and increased investment to facilitate infrastructure construction, to create jobs, and improve their people's living standards (2)(3)(4). The subway, as a typical city infrastructure characterized by high traffic efficiency, safety, stability, and energy-saving, is often found on the city planners' desks (5,6). ...
... The matter-element method is another widely used technique (25,34). This technique has advantages in determining the risk rating by connecting the risk and its risk criteria (4). At present, the Bayesian network (29,36), cloud model (24,32), and evidence reasoning theory (29) were also introduced into the area of safety risks to decrease the impact of uncertainty. ...
Numerous subway projects are planned by China's city governments, and more subways can hardly avoid under-crossing rivers. While often being located in complex natural and social environments, subway shield construction under-crossing a river (SSCUR) is more susceptible to safety accidents, causing substantial casualties, and monetary losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate safety risks during SSCUR. The paper identified the safety risks during SSCUR by using a literature review and experts' evaluation, proposed a new safety risk assessment model by integrating confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and fuzzy evidence reasoning (FER), and then selected a project to validate the feasibility of the proposed model. Research results show that (a) a safety risk list of SSCUR was identified, including 5 first-level safety risks and 38 second-level safety risks; (b) the proposed safety risk assessment model can be used to assess the safety risk of SSCUR; (c) safety inspection, safety organization and duty, quicksand layer, and high-pressure phreatic water were the high-level risks, and the onsite total safety risk was at the medium level; (d) management-type safety risks, environment-type safety risks, and personnel-type safety risks have higher expected utility values, and manager-type safety risks were expected have higher risk-utility values when compared to worker-type safety risks. The research can enrich the theoretical knowledge of SSCUR safety risk assessment and provide references to safety managers for conducting scientific and effective safety management on the construction site when a subway crosses under a river.
... The case presented there is an attempt to discuss the relationship between railroads and landscape and the use of AHP to develop a system for quantitative evaluation of the railroad landscape, taking into account historical, tourist, ecological, visual quality, etc., aspects. Another example is the use of AHP to assess environmental risk in the area of railway construction: Ref. [12] describes the impacts of spoil disposal areas (SDAs) in high-speed railway engineering, and [13] addresses the study of the water-soil environmental risk assessment during railway construction. ...
This paper presents a generic component for Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based decision support in risk management. The component was originally dedicated to railway transportation issues; however, its generality enabled it to extend its functionality for other domains too. To show the generality of the module and possibility of its application in other domains, an environmental case was run. Its goal was to select methods for planning the post-mining heap revitalization process, especially decision-making focusing on the selection of the most advantageous revitalization option on the basis of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and different, non-financial factors, e.g., social, environmental , technological, political, etc. Taking into account expert responses, the suggested solution was related to energy production.
... The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a multi-criteria decision-making method. The core theory of the Analytic Hierarchy Process is that by constructing a hierarchical structure, complex and fuzzy problems can be simplified [34][35][36]. Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis has a high degree of reliability, effectiveness, and conciseness. However, when constructing a judgment matrix, professional personnel are required to assign values to the elements of the judgment matrix, so subjective judgment has a significant impact on the evaluation results. ...
Water control dikes, as an important infrastructure for national economic and social development, play an important supporting and guaranteeing role in flood control, irrigation, power generation, water supply, tourism, and other aspects. Jiangxi is a major province in water conservancy, with dense rivers and lakes, and it owns tens of thousands of water control dikes of various types. Most of the water control dikes exhibit structural aging, continuous medical risks, and reduced benefits, which urgently require efficient maintenance and standardized management. Management is a complex task, and the level of management directly affects the functional efficiency and service life of dikes. In view of these issues, this study takes dikes as essential and typical water conservancy engineering objects and analyzes the evaluation criteria of safe production and the demands of engineering management. It establishes an evaluation index system suitable for normalized management. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is utilized to determine indicator weights, and a neural network water conservancy engineering evaluation algorithm is constructed to match the evaluation model. Finally, an improved algorithm for the GA (genetic algorithm)-BP (backpropagation) neural network is proposed, incorporating additional momentum factors and considering adaptive learning rates. The developed model is validated through a case study in Jiangxi, China, and the results demonstrate its accuracy and comprehensiveness in reflecting the actual situation. This research is relevant to designers, contractors, and governments seeking solutions to achieve standardized management in water control dikes.
... China, being the second-largest economy in the world, is quickly becoming an urbanized and industrialized nation [1]. To provide jobs and raise living standards for its citizens, the government has gradually passed laws on and increased investment in infrastructure construction [2][3][4]. City planners are frequently required to plan a metro system, since it has excellent traffic efficiency, safety, stability, and energy savings [5,6]. Although metros are generally constructed underneath major city streets to minimize the risk of ground loads and minimize risk [7,8], cities are extremely intricate systems of human settlements, frequently containing roads, trains, and rivers, and thus, it is difficult for the metro to avoid undercrossing a bridge [8,9]. ...
... Another extensively used strategy is the matter-element approach [27,36]. By linking the risk and its risk criteria, this method has advantages in terms of determining the risk rating [4]. Currently, to lessen the influence of uncertainty, Bayesian networks [30,38] and cloud models [26,34] have also been used to measure safety risks. ...
The government of China has planned numerous metro projects, and with more metros, undercrossing of bridges can hardly be avoided. Metro shield construction when undercrossing a bridge (MSCUB) frequently takes place in complicated natural and social contexts, which often makes the construction process more susceptible to safety accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to look into the safety risk during MSCUB. This paper identified the safety risk factors during MSCUB by using a literature review and expert group evaluation, proposed a novel safety risk assessment model by integrating confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and fuzzy evidence reasoning (FER), and then selected a project case to test the validity of the suggested model. The study results show that (a) a safety risk factor list for MSCUB was identified, including four first-level safety risk factors and thirty-seven second-level safety risk factors; (b) the proposed safety risk assessment model can be used to measure the risk values of the overall safety risk of a worksite, the first-level safety risk factors, and the second-level safety risk factors during MSCUB; (c) environment-type safety risk factors and personnel-type safety risk factors have higher risk values during shield construction when undercrossing a bridge; (d) when compared with worker-type safety risk factors, manager-type safety risk factors are the higher risks. This study can enrich the theoretical knowledge of MSCUB safety risk assessment and provide references for safety managers for conducting scientific and effective safety management on a construction site when constructing metro shields undercrossing a bridge.
... China, the second-largest economy in the world, is quickly becoming an urbanized and industrialized nation [1]. To provide jobs and raise living standards for its citizens, the government has gradually passed laws and increased investment on the infrastructure construction [2][3][4]. City planners are frequently required to plan a metro system since it has excellent traffic efficiency, safety, stability, and energy savings [5,6]. Although metros are generally constructed underneath major city streets to minimize the risk of ground loads and minimize risk [7,8], while cities are extremely intricate systems of human settlements, frequently containing roads, trains, and rivers, thus it is difficult for metro construction to avoid undercrossing a bridge [8,9]. ...
... Another extensively used strategy is the matter-element approach [27,36]. By linking the risk and its risk criteria, this method has advantages in determining the risk rating [4]. Currently, to lessen the influence of the uncertainty, Bayesian networks [30,38] and cloud model [26,34] have also been used to measure safety risks. ...
... Figure 1 displayed the safety risk factors identification framework for MSCUB. 4 Metro shield construction safety risk factors when undercrossing a bridge Personnel-type safety risks factors Equipment-type safety risk factors Technique-type safety risk factors Environment-type safety risk factors ...
The city administration of China planned numerous metro projects and more metros can hardly avoid undercrossing a bridge. While metro shield construction when undercrossing a bridge (MSCUB) is frequently located in complicated natural and social context, which made the construction process more susceptible to safety accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to look into safety risk of MSCUB. The paper identified the safety risk factors during SSCUR by using literature review and experts’ evaluation, proposed a novel safety risk assessment model by integrating CFA and FER, and then selected a project case to test the validity of the suggested model. Research results show that (a) a safety risk factors list of MSCUB was identified, including 4 first-level safety risks and 37 second-level safety risk factors; (b) the proposed safety risk assessment model can be used to measure the risk values of the overall worksite safety risk, the first-level safety risks and the safety risk factors of MSCUB; (c) environment-type safety risk and personnel-type safety risk have higher risk values when shield construction undercrossing a bridge; (d) when compared to worker-type safety risk, manager-type safety risk is the higher risk value. The research can enrich the theoretic knowledge of MSCUB safety risk assessment and provide references to safety managers for conducting scientific and effective safety management on the construction site when subway undercrossing a river.
... Terrain slope [14,18] Effective soil layer thickness [19] Soil texture [20,21] Organic matter content [22] Soil erosion degree [23] Water-soil pollution degree [24,25] Ease of reclamation [46] Economic factor Regional economic condition [13] Development potential of non-agricultural industries [11,47] Impact on surrounding residents' income [48,49] Potential of subsequent land use to attract investment [50,51] Furthermore, to ensure the rationality of the evaluation indicators, the initially selected evaluation indicators were reviewed through questionnaire surveys to establish the final LRS evaluation indicator system of BFSY. The five-level Likert scale was used to determine the importance of each evaluation indicator. ...
Railway construction contributes to socio-economic development but causes the occupation and destruction of land resources. How to effectively restore the temporary land and achieve efficient and rational reuse therefore becomes particularly important. The beam fabrication and storage yard (BFSY), as a large temporary facility during railway construction, occupies a large area of land. However, BFSYs damage the land in the way of pressing and may harden the ground to a high degree due to the use of high-density pile foundations, adversely affecting the soil properties. Therefore, this research aims to develop a model for evaluating the land reclamation suitability (LRS) of BFSY. The LRS evaluation indicator system of BFSY was firstly constructed based on the literature review and expert interviews. Then, an indicator-based model for assessing the LRS of BFSY was developed by integrating the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model and the matter-element analysis (MEA) model. A case project in China was chosen to demonstrate and validate the developed model, and results show that the proposed model can rationally evaluate the LRS of BFSY in railway construction. The findings of this research enrich the knowledge system of sustainable railway construction and guide construction managers to conduct practical suitability assessments of land reclamation.
... The "dangerous" means that the safety risks of railway construction in this area are usually serious, which will lead to serious risk events if not controlled Sustainability 2022, 14, 13698 2 of 14 in time. In complex and dangerous areas, railway construction safety risks are difficult to fully analyze and understand [5], and their uncertainty, suddenness, complexity, and high destructiveness are prominent. The complex and dangerous areas not only affect the operation of the railway system [6,7], but also pose challenges for the construction of the rail infrastructure. ...
Safety risk identification is the premise and foundation of safety risk management for railway construction. However, due to some characteristics of railway projects, which include large volumes of work, complex construction environments, and long construction cycles, etc., the risk factors of railway projects are often hidden in all stages of engineering construction. It results in the comprehensive identification of safety risks of railway projects being usually difficult, and this problem is more serious when the railway is constructed in complex and dangerous areas. Therefore, to identify the safety risks comprehensively, this paper constructs a safety risk identification method applicable to railway construction in complex and dangerous areas. This method studies the spatial and temporal distribution of risks and their relationship with subprojects by using a work breakdown structure (WBS), a risk breakdown structure (RBS), grid-based management, and forming a safety risk identification matrix, which can help researchers analyze the characteristics of risks. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the CZ Railway, which is located in the Sichuan and Tibet provinces of China, crossing the Hengduan Mountains with a total length of 1838 km, was selected as a case study, and risk identification for its civil engineering was carried out. The research results show that in the construction process of the CZ Railway, the main types of safety risks suffered by various branch projects were different. In addition, some risk factors only appeared at specific times in space, and there is a strong interaction between these risk factors. Based on this method, safety risk identification can intuitively discover the spatial and temporal distribution of risk factors and analyze the interaction between risk factors, which can provide help for the formulation of targeted risk control measures.
... At present, the research on HSR mainly focuses on risk management and technology application. In the aspect of risk management, it mainly includes construction risk [7,8], safety risk [9][10][11], railway inherent risk [12][13][14], ecological risk [15,16], political risk [17], and social risk [16,18]. e research on the application of HSR technology is more abundant, which can be mainly divided into infrastructure fault diagnosis technology [19] and new technology development [20]. ...
In recent years, frequent natural disasters have brought great challenges to the stable operation of the high-speed railway (HSR). Improving the resilience of the HSR system is an urgent problem to be solved. This study aims to explore how to improve the resilience of the HSR system. Based on an in-depth literature review and case study, 11 variables and 15 hypothetical paths were proposed. Then the questionnaires were distributed to professionals from academia and industry. A total of 270 valid responses were received. Finally, the structural equation model was used to evaluate these variables’ influence degree and their influence path. The results indicated that the infrastructure components (i.e., quality control and equipment operation and maintenance) play a positive role in the persistence ability. The organizational operation and maintenance components (i.e., organizational structure and organizational efficiency) promote the speed of function restoration. The interactive system components (i.e., technical system and system operation and maintenance) also have a positive effect on adaptability and transformability. The three components of HSR system play a positive role in different resilience attributes (i.e., persistence ability, function restoration, adaptability, and transformability), which further positively impacts the effectiveness of improving resilience. Based on the accepted hypothetical paths, five strategies for improving resilience were discussed, such as a certain degree redundancy of key organizations or members, encouragement of self-organized decision-making, and establishment of the “health records” of each HSR line. This study would enrich the theoretical system of resilience and help practitioners better understand the influencing variables and influencing paths of the resilience of the HSR system.
... At present, the railway cannot be replaced by other modes of transport (e.g., highways, waterways, or flight lines). China has invested substantial human and material resources in railway construction, bringing the railway construction into the stage of rapid development [3]. In addition, the line planning and design of railway transportation is a vitally fundamental link in railway engineering, directly affecting the general operation of railway transportation [4]. ...
In the past, railway line planning usually required engineers to design based on their own experience after a series of field visits, leading to heavy workload and low efficiency. Moreover, operation and maintenance management is more complicated due to an abundance of railway station equipment. Based on the above problems, this paper first puts forward the railway transportation line planning and design method based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology. Besides, LocaSpace Viewer realizes the three-dimensional (3D) visual scene modeling of the railway environment to improve the efficiency of railway line planning and design. Secondly, the railway station’s visual operation and maintenance management system is constructed via BIM Technology. Besides, the Internet of Things (IoT) is combined with edge computing and deep learning technology to build a 3D model of station equipment, collect data in real time, and analyze data efficiently. Finally, the design effect of the model, the performance of the visual management system, and the test results of network transmission delay are displayed and analyzed. The results show that BIM can construct the 3D visualization model with high fidelity for the railway environment. This model can get a reasonable line planning scheme and analyze its feasibility, provide a reliable basis for engineers to plan railway transportation lines, and improve design efficiency. In addition, the GPU occupation rate, CPU occupation rate, and memory occupation rate of the operation and maintenance management system in different operating environments are within the standard range; when multiple clients access the system, the system data access delay is 100% less than 8 ms, which has good performance. Furthermore, the performance of the IoT transmission data real-time scheduling model and the edge computing optimization algorithm applied to this system is better than other popular methods, which can significantly improve the operation efficiency of the system. This study aims to enhance the efficiency of railway transportation line planning and station operation and maintenance management with the help of digital technologies.
... In the literature, the method has not been applied in the field of complex investments, such as railway investments. In the current literature review in the field of railway investments, the planning process showed, for example, information on: identifying the critical risks in railway projects implemented under belt and road initiative (BRI) [17], risk analysis of the railway transportation [18], an assessment approach for environmental risk [19], a method for the control-command and signaling functions [20], the modelling of risk using fuzzy logic [21], or information about a social network analysis on a construction project [22,23]. ...
Exceeding the approved budget is often an integral part of the implementation of construction projects, especially those where unforeseen threats may occur. Therefore, each construction investment should contain elements of risk forecasting, mainly in terms of the cost of its implementation. Only a small number of institutions apply effective cost control methods, taking into account the specifics of a given industry. Especially small construction companies that participate in the structure of the implementation of large construction projects as subcontractors. The article presents a method by which it is possible to determine, with certain probability, the final cost of railway construction investments carried out in Poland. The method was based on a reliable database of risk factors pub- lished in sources. In this article, the main presumptions of the original method are presented, which take into account the impact of potential, previously recognized, risks specific to railway investments, and enable project managers to relate them to the conditions where the implementation of a specific object is planned. The authors assumed that such a relatively simple method, supported by a suitable computational program, would encourage teams that plan to implement railway projects to use it and increase the credibility of their schedules.
