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The paper presents performance analysis of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive with torque and speed control. The PMSM motor requires sinusoidal stator currents to produce constant torque. The paper presents constituents for the mathematical analysis of the motor operation within the dq-axis model. The mathematical model serves as ins...
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... flux must be reduced whilst the voltage is kept constant. It is necessary to "deliver" the current down the 'd' signal path (i ds 0), whereas the maximum current in the 'q' path remains constant and maximum. The torque is inversely proportional to the rpm so that the output power remains constant for the range where the nominal rpm is exceeded - Fig. 3. To perform experiments, the laboratory setup was arranged - Fig. 4. The key components of the setup are the control unit and the PMSM motor. The control unit is designed on the basis of a DSP processor, TMS320F2812 from Texas Instruments [6], purposefully dedicated for control of motors. Its structure incorporates an ADC module, PWM ...
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Citations
... The task of the inverter control is to track the speed reference ω * , a target that is typically accomplished with a control structure in the dq-coordinate system [53]. The speed control results in the reference motor torque T * M , or as shown here, in the reference motor power P * M = ω * T * M . ...
... To achieve a high quality for both the power and current alongside a high dynamic control at the output, the control structures were realized in a cascaded fashion. The outer loops for speed and DC-link voltage control provide the current setpoints for the grid and motor current control inner loops, with the motor current control implemented in the dq-coordinate system [53] using the mechanical rotor angle ε [54] provided by the encoder of the PMSM. This encoder angle is also used to derive the instantaneous speed ω, shown at the bottom of Figure 4, which is then filtered by a MAF [51] with T MAF = T P = T G /2 to eliminate the speed ripple in the measured signal. ...
The motor integration of singe-phase-supplied Variable-Speed Drive (VSDs) is prevented by the significant volume, short lifetime, and operating temperature limit of the electrolytic capacitors required to buffer the pulsating power grid. The DC-link energy storage requirement is eliminated by using the kinetic energy of the motor as a buffer. The proposed concept is called the Motor-Integrated Power Pulsation Buffer (MPPB), and a control technique and structure are detailed that meet the requirements for nominal and faulted operation with a simple reconfiguration of existing controller blocks. A 7.5 kW, motor-integrated hardware demonstrator validated the proposed MPPB concept and loss models for a scroll compressor drive used in auxiliary railway applications. The MPPB drive with a front-end CISPR 11/Class A EMI filter, PFC rectifier stage, and output-side inverter stage achieved a power density of 0.91 kW/L−1 (15 W in−3). The grid-to-motor-shaft efficiency exceeded 90% for all loads over 5 kW or 66% of nominal load, with a worst-case loss penalty over a conventional system of only 17%.
... Durant la dernière décennie, cette machine est devenue de plus en plus attractive et concurrence En général, les MSAP sont auto-commutées au moyen de capteurs directs tels que des sondes à effet Hall, des codeurs optiques incrémentaux ou de type résolveur. Ces capteurs donnent une information sur la position du rotor quelle que soit sa vitesse, qui est une nécessité pour les commandes en boucle fermée telle que « la commande vectorielle », afin d'assurer un auto-pilotage de la MSAP[11][12][13].Outre les performances requises en terme de productivité, de précision et de rapidité, la plupart des applications industrielles, requièrent des critères de plus en plus sévères en termes de la continuité de service, de réduction des temps d'arrêt de détection précoce des pannes.Ainsi, durant ces dernières années, de nombreux travaux de recherche ont abordé la thématique de la sureté de fonctionnement des systèmes électriques à base de convertisseurs statique en proposant diverses approches qui visent à détecter les défauts pouvant affecterLes machines électriques tournantes sont constituées d'une partie fixe : le stator, et d'une partie mobile (tournante) : le rotor. Un entrefer, qui peut être constant, sépare ces deux parties dans ce cas on parle alors des machines à pôles lisses, ou peut-être variable, dans le cas des machines à pôles saillants. ...
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The variable speed electric drives based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine are presented firstly with the various dedicated control strategies. Two control strategies are taken into account in this work based on predictive control, predictive control of current MPCC and predictive control of torque and flux PTC. To detect faults, a new diagnostic algorithm is developed and proposed. Regarding IGBT faults, non-redundant topologies of the four-leg voltage source inverter are proposed, in order to keep the machine in service, when an IGBT in the inverter is in open-circuit fault. Concerning the sensor faults of: current, speed and DC-Link voltage, a technique based on the analytical redundancy given by the use of three observers (PI observer for speed, MRAS for Vdc voltage and Luenberger for currents) is proposed to ensure the continuity of system service. Simulation and experimental results prove the proper functioning of the designed architecture and the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
... This means that the real speed of the motor can exceed the nominal rated speed. The torque is inversely proportional to the rpm so that the output power remains constant for the range where the nominal rpm is exceeded [12]. The ideal characteristic torque curves are shown in Figure 3. figure 4, the highest torque was obtained by using a magnet dimension of 30x4 mm, with the number of magnets per pole being a magnet. ...
Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are commonly used in electric vehicles because they have specific advantages such as high power density, high torque, and high efficiency. This paper presents the design of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) rotor motor with 5kw capacity as an electric motorcycle propulsion machine. Principal design calculations obtain initial design parameters. The choice of using a magnet dimension has a significant impact on performance. Optimization is applied to achieve the required torque characteristics by varying the permanent magnet size with fixed volume and length. The simulation is performed using finite element analysis software to obtain the speed and torque characteristics. The results showed that the motor torque was higher with a wider magnet scale and fewer magnets per pole. Furthermore, using thicker magnets obtained better motor efficiency. Hence, this needs to be taken into consideration when designing the motor according to torque specifications.
... Another consideration is that most electrical motors used in EVs are complex 3-phase machines and typically vary in efficiency with a variation in torque required [29]. Luckily, with most of these special 3-phase machines, the efficiency increases with an increase in torque demand [30] (limited to a specific r/min range of course). Therefore, pulling away rapidly (rapid acceleration) with an EV to reach a set speed will most likely use less energy than acceleration over a longer period of time (due to the relationship between torque and efficiency). ...
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... The speed control of the PMSM is achieved through standard Proportional Integral (PI) d-q current control. The controller drives the modulation signals of the PWM, resulting in voltage commands along the d and q axis [9,10]. The control system assumes measured angle and speed values are available by sensors, which are assumed ideal in this model. ...
In this work, the electrical distribution system of a Boeing 747 aircraft is implemented in Modelica. The electrical system is modeled in detail as far as generation and loads are concerned, aiming to capture any relevant dynamics and instabilities that can ensue during the aircraft’s operation; while the power electronic interfaces of the loads are represented using averaged models. Small signal analysis is conducted at different operating points, aiming to capture relevant dynamics. Additionally, small signal analysis and time domain simulations are carried out to identify operational regions where low damping of unstable oscillations can occur, in order to characterize control loops interactions and system states. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures for load startup and required controls that can alleviate any potential instabilities.
... Noticing to the figures, the stator currents are significantly increased in the generating mode, which is due to the uncontrolled input voltage. In this case, the stator currents control is not performed so; increasing of the currents can be bigger compared to a machine with a designed driver [31,32]. Moreover, the flux density in the air-gap region is shown in the figure. ...
The research presents a novel technique for modeling of Outer Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (OR-PMSMs) in healthy and faulty cases with demagnetization fault based on an improved Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) method. Saturation effect is considered by a new method, where the B-H curve fitting is performed by using a novel nonlinear function. The machine properties such as the number of poles, number of slots, magnets size and all of the other parameters can be selected arbitrarily in the proposed model. Noticing to machine structure, the machine geometry is divided into 11 individual zones. Each of the flux tubes in the core is modeled by a nonlinear reluctance and the machine performances in both transient and steady-state conditions are studied. Various machine properties such as magnets arc, winding configuration, and slot skewing angle are analyzed and the dynamic behaviour is compared in various cases. Comparison with Finite-Element-Method (FEM) shows the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed MEC method and much shorter processing time compared to FEM.
... Different types of control schemes have been suggested for variable speed AC drives (Wang, 2016;Kamel, 2009;Rudnicki, 2015) fed from static power converters. Among them direct and indirect vector control strategies have become quite popular in recent years. ...
... Different types of control schemes have been suggested for variable speed AC drives (Wang, 2016;Kamel, 2009;Rudnicki, 2015) fed from static power converters. Among them direct and indirect vector control strategies have become quite popular in recent years. ...
... On the other hand, the task of the inverter control is to track the speed referenceω * . Hence, the control structure consists of an outer speed controller whose control output equals the required average machine torque t * M or average inverter output powerP * INV respectively, and an inner machine current controller (typically transformed to the rotating dq-coordinate system) which finally provides the duty cycles d U , d V and d W of the inverter [26]. ...
... Fig. 6). In addition, for the inverter stage an inverter/machine control [17] is used, which has to generate the duty cycles d U , d V and d W of the inverter in such a way that the machine speed reference ω * can be properly tracked. However, the calculated duty cycles of both stages cannot directly be assigned to a certain switch T A or T 1 − T 6 , which means that the corresponding switching signals S A and S 1 − S 6 first have to be derived in the switching signal generation block depending on the output voltage sector, as will be shown in the following. ...
... The inverter/machine control has to regulate the rotational speed ω with respect to its reference value ω * , which can be implemented with a conventional inverter control for variable speed drives [17]. There, the inverter duty cycles d U , d V and d W are derived based on the speed error ∆ω, the rotor position ε, the capacitor voltage v C , and the phase currents i U , i V and i W . Furthermore, as already mentioned, the averaged machine powerp M and the phase peak currentÎ M are used by the PFC rectifier control as a feedforward and on the other hand are used to calculate D A,BB based on (15). ...
