Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
In this paper, we present a novel low power medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed protocol, EP-MAC (Efficient MAC with Parallel Transmission) achieves high energy efficiency and high packet delivery ratio under different traffic load. EP-MAC protocol is basically based on the Time Division Multiple Access...
Similar publications
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) a sensor node periodically produces data which is processed and then transmitted to the base station (BS) for analysis. A key challenge in the WSNs is to schedule the activity of the node in the cluster based environment for improvement in throughput, energy consumption and delay. In this regards, the paper propos...
![A tree generated by address assignment in IEEE 802.15.5 [5].](publication/287392073/figure/fig1/AS:1088902844682273@1636626077576/A-tree-generated-by-address-assignment-in-IEEE-802155-5_Q320.jpg)
Contemporary wireless sensor network (WSN) adopts IEEE 802.15.4 in its MAC and PHY layers. The mesh routing introduced in IEEE 802.15.5 standard, referred to as the basic mesh routing below, improves reliability and robustness of routing in WSNs since there are multiple routes from a node to the sink. In this paper, the mesh routing with identical...
Sensor networks are handicapped by limited resources in the form of energy, processing, and memory. This paper proposes a new multi-hop energy efficient protocol, namely a routing algorithm using the ring-zone (RARZ) model. The protocol is lightweight, takes routing decisions based on the remaining energy of nodes, and performs location-based routi...
Idle listening issue arises when a sensor node listens to medium despite the absence of data which results in consumption of energy. ETEEM is a variant of Traffic Aware Energy Efficient MAC protocol (TEEM) which focuses on energy optimization due to reduced idle listening time and much lesser overhead on energy sources. It uses a novel scheme for u...
An energy-efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol can significantly elongate the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), by reducing the duty-cycle of sensor nodes to an ultra-low level. TDMA-based MACs can greatly reduce idle listening, collision, overhearing and therefore are very energy efficient in data transfer at the cost of requi...
Citations
... The author in [7] Efficient Parallel MAC (EP-MAC) protocol with a TDMA scheduling based on different traffic of data packets in WSN. This approach removes the drawback of scheduled based approach in MAC by utilizing contention-based scheme. ...
... In duty cycling, battery-powered devices in their mode of operation are designed to alternate between an active and idle state with the main objective of conserving energy [19]. The ideal operating mode is for nodes to be active only when there is data to be collected [20]. ...
Smart, secure and energy-efficient data collection (DC) processes are key to the realization of the full potentials of future Internet of Things (FIoT)-based systems. Currently, challenges in this domain have motivated research efforts towards providing cognitive solutions for IoT usage. One such solution, termed cognitive sensing (CS) describes the use of smart sensors to intelligently perceive inputs from the environment. Further, CS has been proposed for use in FIoT in order to facilitate smart, secure and energy-efficient data collection processes. In this article, we provide a survey of different Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques used over the last decade to provide cognitive sensing solutions for different FIoT applications. We present some state-of-the-art approaches, potentials, and challenges of AI techniques for the identified solutions. This survey contributes to a better understanding of AI techniques deployed for cognitive sensing in FIoT as well as future research directions in this regard.
... A view of states node and power consumption[10]. ...
The energy issue is an important parameter in the wireless sensor networks and should be managed in the different applications. We propose a new routing algorithm that it is energy efficient and uses different approaches as dynamic clustering, spanning tree, self-configurable routing and controls energy consuming by data-driven and power management schemas. It has two main phases. The first is consisting of the steady cluster, cluster head election and creation-spanning tree in each cluster and the second phase is data transmission. The proposed protocol is compared with four other protocols in network lifetime, network balance, and average packet delay and packet delivery. Simulation results show the proposed protocol performance in the network lifetime is about 6 percent higher than Improved-LEACH, 21.5 percent higher than EESR and 5.8 percent higher than DHCO. Its improvement in packet delivery parameter is about 3.5 percent higher than Improved-LEACH, 6.5 percent higher than EESR and 3 percent higher than DHCO. In addition, the performance or it in packet delay is about 17 percent higher than EESR and 6 percent higher than DHCO but Improved-LEACH protocol has a good performance than our protocol about 4 percent.
... So by realizing the nature and objective of sensor network within the limitation of resources we advocate cross layer adaptation in the protocol design of WSN. Overall network performance gain can be achieved by the concept of cross layer approach which avoids the extra overhead as well as exploits actively the dependence between the protocols layers [15,20]. Moreover, in the traditional layered architecture there is a little scope of finding the tuneable solutions. ...
... Unicast packets will follow the sequence of RTS, CTS, Data, and Acknowledgement (ACK). This scheme is well recognized and used, for example in the IEEE 802.11 standard [21] I-XLP supports parallel transmission [15] in case of noncritical data. The couple of nodes are allowed to communicate simultaneously, can be found in the neighbors list table. ...
Despite an increase in energy efficiency of WSNs research in couple of last years, still the key challenge in the design of WSNs remains to maximize the quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency of network system. The layered strength and functionality collaboration is commonly considered as one of the most promising techniques for dealing with the given challenge to increase the duration between recharging battery and improve energy efficiency in order to prolong the sensor nodes and network lifetime. This paper presents a novel Intelligent Cross Layer QoS-aware Protocol (I-XLP) with traffic differentiation for WSNs for monitoring applications which has been done by addressing cross layered, cluster-less and application specific design. The target application is building monitoring. The novel concept behind this paper is that, by leveraging classical layered approach and blending different layer functions our proposed protocol I-XLP achieves a solution for energy efficiency and latency for the case of building monitoring applications of WSNs. This is done by combining the strong functionalities of Medium Access control (MAC), Routing and Congestion control. The proposed protocol is energy efficient and the protocol ensures lower latency for the prioritized traffic. Our proposed I-XLP is simulated by using the network simulator (ns-2). The simulation results corroborate the theoretical idea, and verify that the proposed I-XLP transmits more data with less delay and its energy consumption compared with existing protocol achieves optimum energy efficiency.
In this paper, we propose a novel Intelligent Cross Layer Protocol (I-XLP) with traffic-differentiation based on Quality of Service (QoS) for WSNs for monitoring applications. By leveraging classical layered approach and blending different layer functions our proposed protocol I-XLP achieve a solution for energy efficiency, and latency for the case monitoring in WSNs. I-XLP combines the functionalities of Medium Access control (MAC), Routing and Congestion control to achieve its goal. The proposed protocol is energy efficient and the protocol ensures lower latency for the prioritized traffic. The simulation outcome supports the theory, and prove the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
An intelligent hybrid medium access control (IH-MAC), a novel low power with minimal packet delay medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The IH-MAC achieves high energy efficient under wide range of traffic load. It ensures high channel utilization during high traffic load without compromising energy efficiency. IH-MAC does it by using the strength of CSMA and TDMA approach with intelligence. The novel idea behind the IH-MAC is that, it uses both the broadcast scheduling and link scheduling. Depending on the network loads the IH-MAC protocol dynamically switches from broadcast scheduling to link scheduling and vice-versa in order to achieve better efficiency. Furthermore, IH-MAC uses Request-To-Send (RTS), Clear-To-Send (CTS) handshakes with methods for adapting the transmit power to the minimum level necessary to reach the intended neighbor with a given BER target or packet loss probability. Thus IH-MAC reduces energy consumption by suitably varying the transmit power. IH-MAC achieves high energy potency below wide selection of traffic load. It ensures high channel utilization throughout high traffic load while not compromising energy potency. The novel plan behind the IH-MAC is that, it uses each the published programming and link programming betting on the network hundreds the IH-MAC protocol dynamically switches from broadcast programming to link programming and vice-versa so as to attain higher potency. So IH-MAC reduces energy consumption by befittingly variable the transmit power.
Accurately synchronized clocks are crucial for many applications in sensor networks. The Intelligent Hybrid Mac Protocol (IH-MAC) is designed to provide accurately synchronized clocks between neighbors. IH-MAC works in a completely decentralized fashion. Every node periodically broadcasts its time information. IH-MAC is the combination of both Q-MAC and Z-MAC. IH-MAC achieves high channel utilization during high traffic load. IH-MAC provides the internal synchronization which means consistent view of time across all nodes that makes robust against link and node failures. Due to high load it switches from broadcast scheduling to link scheduling. It uses the time synchronization method to allocate the time slots. IH-MAC uses Request to send and clear to send handshakes for low energy consumption. The objective of this paper is to increase the quality of service Hybrid MAC (IH -MAC) is used. The transmission power, throughput, delay and packet delivery fraction are measured. The IH-MAC protocol is simulated on the network simulator 2 setup.
Most of the hybrid wireless sensor networks MAC protocols are based on conventional Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) wireless protocols. Z-MAC is an efficient hybrid protocol which alternates between CSMA and TDMA. It utilizes CSMA in low channel contention and switch to TDMA mode in high channel contention. In this paper, we show that Z-MAC does not perform well under high traffic load. It also proposes few enhancements to achieve better performance.
