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Experimental research on a swirl-vane gas–liquid separator has been conducted with the aim to explore its application in downhole gas–water separation systems. With the help of a high-speed camera, the effect of gas content, Reynolds number and flow conditioning elements on the separation performance were investigated. The change of flow pattern wi...
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... the separator. These visual observations of two-phase flow phenomenon taking place inside swirling chambers allow us to identify key mechanisms that govern the operational limit of the separator. In addition, this leads to a better understanding of the links between the hydrodynamics and the separation performance. The swirl elements displayed in Fig. 3 are important parts of the separator. In order to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow ...
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... the operational limit of the separator. In addition, this leads to a better understanding of the links between the hydrodynamics and the separation performance. The swirl elements displayed in Fig. 3 are important parts of the separator. In order to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow in swirling chambers. The third stage swirl element, displayed in Fig. 3(c), was installed at the outlet of the separator and its function is to ...
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... the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow in swirling chambers. The third stage swirl element, displayed in Fig. 3(c), was installed at the outlet of the separator and its function is to reconvert the fluid into linear motion, so that restore the pressure at the end of the separator. The hub of each swirl element has a center hole to separate the gas inside swirling chambers. There is only one inlet in the center hole of the first and third stage ...
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... the separator. These visual observations of two-phase flow phenomenon taking place inside swirling chambers allow us to identify key mechanisms that govern the operational limit of the separator. In addition, this leads to a better understanding of the links between the hydrodynamics and the separation performance. The swirl elements displayed in Fig. 3 are important parts of the separator. In order to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow ...
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... the operational limit of the separator. In addition, this leads to a better understanding of the links between the hydrodynamics and the separation performance. The swirl elements displayed in Fig. 3 are important parts of the separator. In order to ensure the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow in swirling chambers. The third stage swirl element, displayed in Fig. 3(c), was installed at the outlet of the separator and its function is to ...
Context 6
... the accuracy of geometric parameters, each swirl element was processed by 3D printing. Fig. 3(a) and (b) show the detailed geometry of the first and the second stage swirl elements that were installed at the inlet and middle of the separator respectively to form a swirling flow in swirling chambers. The third stage swirl element, displayed in Fig. 3(c), was installed at the outlet of the separator and its function is to reconvert the fluid into linear motion, so that restore the pressure at the end of the separator. The hub of each swirl element has a center hole to separate the gas inside swirling chambers. There is only one inlet in the center hole of the first and third stage ...
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Citations
... Findings indicated optimal separation performance when the gas core remained straight and stable. Wang et al. (2019) delved into the intricacies of gas-liquid separation within a spiral vane separator. Their experimental investigation explored the influences of gas content, Reynolds number, and flow-regulating elements on separation efficiency. ...
... Liu et al. studied the effect of swirl decay on the flow pattern in horizontal pipe [10]. Yan et al. conducted an experimental study on the gas-liquid flow pattern in a three-stage gas-liquid cyclone separator under different inlet gas volume fractions [11]. However, the above studies focused on the identification of flow types but hardly considered the effect of geometric swirl numbers on flow patterns, and the study of boundary conditions of swirling flow formation is not systematic and comprehensive enough. ...
... Processes 2023,11, 2057 ...
Gas-liquid two-phase swirling flow is widely used for gas-liquid separation in the power, chemical, petroleum, and nuclear industries. However, the majority of current research on swirling flow focuses on identifying flow patterns and does not pay more attention to topics such as the boundary where swirling flow forms. The length and diameter of the central gas core are the main focus of the current studies as well as the distribution patterns of gas-liquid two-phase. Comparative studies on the gas-liquid distribution morphology, such as whether the gas phase is separated and the separation mode, are lacking. In this paper, a combination of visual experimental observations and numerical simulations of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to investigate the formation conditions of gas-liquid two-phase swirling flow in three types of cyclonic components. The results show that the minimum superficial liquid velocity for the formation of swirling flow in the horizontal tube is about 0.375~0.82 m/s when the superficial gas velocity is less than 10 m/s. The formation of swirling flow is almost independent of the geometric swirl number and superficial liquid velocity when the superficial gas velocity is greater than 10 m/s. At low inlet superficial velocities, the tangential velocity determines the transition from swirling flow to stratified flow. However, at higher inlet superficial velocities, the decay of the cyclonic field is mainly affected by the wave amplitude of the gas-liquid interface. In both co-current and counter-current horizontal inline gas-liquid cyclone separators, the flow split is related to the vortex core breakdown of the central gas core. In addition, the numerical simulation results show that the breakdown of the vortex core is related to the pressure distribution inside the separator. This work enriches the study of swirling flow and provides a basis for the performance improvement of inline gas-liquid cyclone separators.
... Swirl number is a serious dimensionless number to measure the degree of swirl in the separator, which is the ratio of the tangential momentum flux to axial momentum flux. From the literature, various forms of swirl number have been defined and applied (Dirkawager, 1996;Liu et al., 2018;Murphy et al., 2007;Van Campen, 2014;Wang et al., 2019). In this paper, the definition of swirl number is expressed as follows, ...
The bubble separator using centrifugal technology is the key device to remove the fission gas from the molten salt in the molten salt reactor. The Locus of Zero Vertical Velocity (LZVV) is an important characteristic of swirling flow. In this paper, a new measuring method is introduced to obtain the length of the LZVV of the bubble separator by tracking the droplet trajectories and analyzing the particular droplets' location at the single-phase condition. The effects of the flowrate, split ratio and the flowrate distribution of the two Light Phase Outlets (defined as LPO ratio) on the length of LZVV are studied. Moreover, numerical simulation at single-phase condition is carried out using the Reynolds stress model and it shows a good agreement with the experimental result. The experimental and numerical results show that the velocity distribution does not change with the flowrate and the larger split ratio leads to a longer length of LZVV and stronger swirl strength.
... It is noteworthy that the mechanism of gas core instability with high gas content differs from the ultralow gas content condition considering the intense interactions between two phases. 38,39 The working principles and the separation performances of hydrocyclones have been reviewed in many studies [40][41][42] considering their wide applications. In addition, reviews on separation models concerning the removal of droplets/particles from the gas phase can also F I G U R E 1 Configuration of the axial separator for gas-liquid separation 12 F I G U R E 2 Schematic diagram of the separation mechanism including the two issues concerned. ...
The separation of gas and liquid is a topic of general interest in science and engineering, for which tremendous efforts are endeavored to develop separators with high efficiency and reliability. However, when it comes to ultralow gas content, some of the separators fail. A special separator finds the potential herein, which consists of a swirl vane, a swirl chamber and a recovery vane. When the gas–liquid mixture goes through the swirl vane, bubbles will be concentrated into the swirl chamber center and evolved into a gas core. However, two key issues need to be addressed for the axial separator before industrial applications. One issue is that all the bubbles must be captured without exception, that is, the separation efficiency is close to 100%. The other issue is the stability of the gas core, the shape of which is sometimes rectilinear and sometimes spiral. A successful separation relies on the rectilinear shaped gas core. Focused on the two issues above, tremendous experimental, numerical and theoretical investigations have been carried out. In this article, the key challenges and solutions for the two issues are summarized.
... The swirl tube is also called an axial flow cyclone, a kind of separator employing swirl vanes to convert axial flow into rotational motion [160], as seen in Fig. 13 (d). The performance of the swirl tube is mainly affected by the structure of the swirl vane [161]. For example, the study of Ref. [162] showed that the multi swirl vanes could increase the tangential velocity of the cyclone, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the cyclone. ...
Hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology are critical clean energy roads to pursue carbon neutrality. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has a wide range of commercial application prospects due to its simple structure, easy portability, and quick start-up. However, the cost and durability of the PEMFC system are the main barriers to commercial applications of fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, the core hydrogen recirculation components of fuel cell vehicles, including mechanical hydrogen pumps, ejectors, and gas-water separators, are reviewed in order to understand the problems and challenges in the simulation, design, and application of these components. The types and working characteristics of mechanical pumps used in PEMFC systems are summarized. Furthermore, corresponding design suggestions are given based on the analysis of the design challenges of the mechanical hydrogen pump. The research on structural design and optimization of ejectors for adapting wide power ranges of PEMFC systems is analyzed. The design principle and difficulty of the gas-water separator are summarized, and its application in the system is discussed. In final, the integration and control of hydrogen recirculation components controlled cooperatively to ensure the stable pressure and hydrogen supply of the fuel cell under dynamic loads are reviewed.
... Hung et al. [11] conducted numerical calculations and experiments on the effects of the various configurations of the swirler on the flow characteristics, and Wang et al. [12] performed experiments for the separation characteristics with a multi-stage separator. In addition, studies on flow visualization for swirl flow in separators have been performed [13][14][15]. ...
Recently, as the industry develops, global energy consumption has been increasing. Power generation using various energy sources is used to meet energy consumption. The demand for renewable energy resources is increasing as well as the demand for fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel reserves offshore are limited, and the continued resource development is causing the depletion of fossil fuels. Accordingly, there is a demand for resource development not only offshore but also in the deep sea. In order to efficiently separate water and oil, it is necessary to study a compact in-line oil separator. In this study, the oil–water separation characteristics according to various airfoil vane configurations of the in-line type oil separator are numerically calculated. The maximum camber and location of the maximum camber of the NACA(National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) airfoil model were selected as design parameters. As a result, the maximum separation efficiency of 63.9% was predicted when the maximum camber value was 13.51% and the maximum camber position was 50%.
... Yue et al. [13] et al. performed numerical analysis and experiments on a gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone separator. Wang et al. [14] performed an experiment for flow characterization of a multistage separator. Liu et al. [15] observed the change in the swirling flow with time. ...
Recently, global energy consumption has increased due to industrial development, resulting in increasing demand for various energy sources. Aside from the increased demand for renewable energy resources, the demand for fossil fuels is also on the rise. Accordingly, the demand for resource development in the deep sea is also increasing. Various systems are required to efficiently develop resources in the deep sea. A study on an in-line type oil–water separator is needed to compensate for the disadvantages of a gravity separator that separates traditional water and oil. In this paper, the separation performance of the axial-flow oil–water separator for five design variables (conical diameter, conical length, number of vanes, angle of vane, and thickness of vane) was analyzed. Numerical calculations for multiphase fluid were performed using the mixture model, one of the Euler–Euler approaches. Additionally, the Reynolds stress model was used to describe the swirling flow. As a result, it was found that the effect on the separation performance was large in the order of angle of vane, conical diameter, number of vanes, the thickness of vane, and conical length. A neural network model for predicting separation performance was developed using numerical calculation results. To predict the oil–water separation performance, five design parameters were considered, and the evaluation of the separation performance prediction model was compared with the multilinear regression (MLR) model. As a result, it was found that the R square was improved by about 74.0% in the neural network model, compared with the MLR model.
... Even after a period of attenuation, the swirl still exists. Under the action of centrifugal force, the swirling flow will have the characteristics of low center pressure and high surroundings [32,33]. That is, the wall pressure measured in experiment is higher than the average pressure at the outlet during the simulation, and the pressure drop measured in experiment is less than simulation. ...
... Because the increase in D 1 will lead to an increase in the crosssectional area, and ultimately cause a decrease in the flow rate. Because the high rotation speed facilitates separation [5,32,33], reducing D 1 can effectively improve the separation efficiency, as shown in Fig. 9. However, if the rotation intensity is too large, it may cause the droplets to break and increase the difficulty of separation. ...
In order to meet the demand of industrial production, an axial separator for oil-water separation is proposed. The separator uses the pattern of multi-stage separation, and it is divided into two chambers by two swirl impellers. The oil phase flows out through three Light Phase Outlet (LPO) at the center of the impeller hub, meanwhile the water phase flows out through Heavy Phase Outlet (HPO). An experimental platform was built to verify the feasibility of multi-stage separation. The Mixture model and Reynolds stress model was used to simulate the separation process, and the numerical results had a well agreement with experimental results. The effects of the diameter of cylindrical section, length of conical section and length of separation chamber on the separation performance were studied. The results show that: changing the diameter of cylindrical section has greatest impact on separation performance. The separation efficiency and pressure drop first increase and then decrease with increase of primary conical section length. With increase of second conical section length, the separation performance has been increasing. If it only looks at the relationship between pressure drop and separation efficiency, then there is a pressure drop to maximize the separation efficiency. Changing the diameter of cylindrical section can adjust the flow split LPOs. Increasing the length of second conical section can increase the split ratio of LPO3, but it has almost no effect on the total split ratio of LPOs. the value of structure is determined and the efficiency of separator exceeds 93 %.
... As an effective and economical method for two-phase flow including gas-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid, Centrifugal separation taking advantages of density difference as well as immiscibility severs [35]. Compared to the conventional gravity separation, centrifugal separation has recieved widely used in many fields due to its small geometry, low cost, high separation effeciency and large capacity [6]. ...
Centrifugal technology for two-phase flow separation is widely used in industrial fields. However, the liquid-liquid separation is more difficult than solid-liquid and gas-liquid separation due to its relative small density difference and emulsion caused by droplets breakup. And the current hydrocyclones for liquid-liquid separation have some shortcomings limiting further improvement of separation efficiency. Axial separators with static swirler emerged as an effective alternative method. In this paper, a compact axial separator with conical tube was introduced and investigated experimentally using oil as the dispersed phase and tap water as the continuous phase. A high-speed camera was used to verify the advantages of conical tube compared to a cylindric tube by oil droplets trajectories. Additionally, the separation performance and pressure drop on different inlet flow rate and oil fraction was studied. In the experiment, the split ratio was changed by controlling the valve in HPO pipe, and the results show that separation efficiency can be improved by increasing the split ratio to ensure the drain of oil core.
... Thereby, large volume should be provided, increasing the installation difficulty and cost (Zeng et al., 2020). Compared with gravity separa-tion, centrifugal method holds greater potential due to its large dealing capacity, short time residence, high separation efficiency and low maintain cost (Wang et al., 2019). Thus, the oil-separators using centrifugal method win widespread application. ...
Oil-water separation plays a serious role in oil exploitation to reduce the production cost. Centrifugal separation is one of the feasible methods due to its large capacity, high separation efficiency and low maintenance cost. Besides, the centrifugal separation equipment can be divided into tangential inlet separators and axial inlet separators. The ones with tangential inlet have received a large number of investigation on structure optimization but some shortcomings limit the further improvement of separation performance. In this paper, an axial separator with multiple-stage separation was introduced and investigated experimentally with water flow rate range from 3 to 7 m³/h and inlet oil fraction below 10%. Additionally, the schedule for Light Phase Outlets (LPOs) was studied experimentally and theoretically to ensure high separation efficiency and low split ratio. The results show that the multiple stage separator can keep high separation performance that the oil concentration in HPO is below 200 ppm while the split ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.45 within experimental conditions. Besides, the reasonable schedule can lead an obvious drop in split ratio with high separation performance. Additionally, based on the analysis of flow field characteristic, the LPOs positioned in the two sides of the oil core can ensure the discharge of oil droplets in high swirl flow field and the LPO located downstream has better potential to separate small size droplets.
