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The geographic maps showing a Hangjinhouqi county in Hetao Plain; b Borehole sampling site in Hangjinhouqi
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Vertical distribution of bacterial communities was detected in high arsenic (As) sediments in a representative high As area in Inner Mongolia. Nineteen sediment samples were collected from a 30 m borehole and detected by geochemistry and molecular ecological approaches including polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR...
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Citations
... The mainstream view of groundwater As contamination is that it is mainly caused by the dissolution of iron oxides in the sediments and the subsequent release of As under the reducing conditions (Nickson et al., 1998;Islam et al., 2004;Fendorf et al., 2010). During the process, the organic matter in the aquifer sediments plays an important role in triggering As mobility from sediments into groundwater Qiao et al., 2020), leading to the As enrichment along the margin of piedmont proluvial fans with the fine or clay sediments (Wang et al., 2014a). ...
High arsenic (As) groundwater has become a serious environmental problem threatening the health of 300 thousand people in the Hetao Plain (HP) of Inner Mongolia, China, where the microscopic mechanisms of As releasing in groundwater have been widely studied. However, the macro-behaviors of As under the large-scale geological conditions, particularly the impact of geogenic arsenic enrichment in groundwater by active tectonics is still uncertain. Here, we combine in-situ measurements of As concentration in groundwater and ore bodies, the locations of ore bodies, the active faults patterns and chronology, and the paleo-earthquake age sequences to explore the transport processes of As from source to groundwater controlled by the geological forces. Results show that the spatial pattern of groundwater As concentration exhibits large heterogeneity in the HP, particularly high in two areas: the Hangjin Rear Banner and Wuyuan area. Langshan, western part of the Western Yinshan Mountains, is more enriched in As-laden ore bodies and black rocks (dark carbonaceous sedimentary rocks and their metamorphic rocks). In the south of HP, reducing groundwater does not contain high As contents because the sediment (i.e., Yellow River alluvial deposit) itself bears little As. The larger vertical uplifting rate made a larger erosion rate of Langshan during the 50 ka B.P to 20 ka B.P, causing higher As background values in sediments. Differential uplifts, piedmont active faults, and earthquakes act as the internal dynamics, whereas the external effects of weathering, transport, and deposition play important roles in driving As-bearing bedrock debris to the foreland basin. The younger with more frequent seismotectonic events renew the As-bearing bedrock debris in sediments and the organic matter reactivity, causing higher As released to groundwater. This study can guide future identification of the geogenic high As groundwater.
Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a global public health problem. Microorganisms have a great effect on the migration and transformation of arsenic. Studying the effect of microbial community structure and function on arsenic release in the groundwater environment of the riverbank filtration zone has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, in-situ monitoring technology and molecular biology technology were used to study the microbial community in the process of river water infiltration in the Shenyang Huangjia water source, China. The results showed that the structure, diversity and abundance of the microbial community in groundwater were closely related to the arsenic content. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in groundwater of the study area, and Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Sulfuritalea, Sphingomonas and Hydrogenophaga etc. were the main dominant bacterial genera. In addition to reducing and oxidizing arsenic, these functional microorganisms also actively participated in the biogeochemical cycle of elements such as iron, manganese, nitrogen and sulfur. There was a significant correlation between dominant bacteria and environmental factors. Fe/Mn had a significant positive correlation with As, which brought potential danger to the water supply in high iron and manganese areas.
Microbial communities in groundwater are diverse and each may respond differently to environmental change. The goal of this study was to investigate the diversity, abundance, and dynamics of microbial communities in impacted groundwater and correlate them to the corresponding land use and groundwater geochemistry, using an Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The resulting MiSeq sequencing revealed the co-occurrence patterns of both abundant and rare microbial taxa within an impacted groundwater basin. Proteobacteria were the most common groundwater-associated bacterial phylum, mainly composed of the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria. The phyla detected at less abundances were the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, OD1, and Nitrospirae. The members of detected groundwater microorganisms involved in natural biogeochemical processes such as nitrification, anammox, methane oxidation, sulfate reduction, and arsenic transformation. Some of the detected microorganisms were able to perform anaerobic degradation of organic pollutants. The resulting PCA indicates that major land usage within the sampling area seemed to be significantly linked to the groundwater microbial distributions. The distinct microbial pattern was observed in the groundwater collected from a landfill area. This study suggests that the combinations of anthropogenic and natural effects possibly led to a unique pattern of microbial diversity across different locations at the impacted groundwater basin.
Two thirds of Svalbard archipelago islands in the High Arctic are permanently covered with glacial ice and snow. Polar bacterial communities in the southern part of Svalbard were characterized using an amplicon sequencing approach. A total of 52,928 pyrosequencing reads were analyzed in order to reveal bacterial community structures in stream and lake surface water samples from the Fuglebekken and Revvatnet basins of southern Svalbard. Depending on the samples examined, bacterial communities at a higher taxonomic level mainly consisted either of Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, and Microgenomates (OP11) or Planctomycetes, Betaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes members, whereas a population of Microgenomates was prominent in 2 samples. At the lower taxonomic level, bacterial communities mostly comprised Microgenomates, Comamonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Legionellales, SM2F11, Parcubacteria (OD1), and TM7 members at different proportions in each sample. The abundance of OTUs shared in common among samples was greater than 70%, with the exception of samples in which the proliferation of Planctomycetaceae, Phycisphaeraceae, and Candidatus Methylacidiphilum spp. lowered their relative abundance. A multi-variable analysis indicated that As, Pb, and Sb were the main environmental factors influencing bacterial profiles. We concluded that the bacterial communities in the polar aquatic ecosystems examined mainly consisted of freshwater and marine microorganisms involved in detritus mineralization, with a high proportion of zooplankton-associated taxa also being identified.
