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![The genus Hysterium (Clade C). A–B. Hysterium pulicare [CBS 123377 (BPI 878723), U.S.A.]; C–F. Hysterium angustatum [ANM 120 (ILLS), U.S.A.; not incl.]; G–K. Hysterium vermiforme [GKM 1234 (BPI 879785), Kenya]; L–Q. Hysterium barrianum sp. nov. [ANM 1495 (ILLS 59908 = holotype), U.S.A.]. Scale bar (habitat) = 500 μm; Scale bar (spores and asci) = 20 μm.](profile/Conrad-Schoch/publication/41487657/figure/fig3/AS:267518635933714@1440792821851/The-genus-Hysterium-Clade-C-A-B-Hysterium-pulicare-CBS-123377-BPI-878723-USA.png)
The genus Hysterium (Clade C). A–B. Hysterium pulicare [CBS 123377 (BPI 878723), U.S.A.]; C–F. Hysterium angustatum [ANM 120 (ILLS), U.S.A.; not incl.]; G–K. Hysterium vermiforme [GKM 1234 (BPI 879785), Kenya]; L–Q. Hysterium barrianum sp. nov. [ANM 1495 (ILLS 59908 = holotype), U.S.A.]. Scale bar (habitat) = 500 μm; Scale bar (spores and asci) = 20 μm.
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A reappraisal of the phylogenetic integrity of bitunicate ascomycete fungi belonging to or previously affiliated with the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae, Gloniaceae and Patellariaceae is presented, based on an analysis of 121 isolates and four nuclear genes, the ribosomal large and small subunits, transcription elongation factor 1 and the second lar...
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Context 1
... phragmospores, three-or more transversely-septate, borne in hysterothecia. A historical overview of the nomenclature of the genus was presented in Boehm et al. (2009). Zogg (1962) recognised two morphological types within the genus. Type I is characterised by 3-septate phragmospores, and includes the versicolorous type species H. pulicare ( Fig. 2A-B), and its closely related concolorous counterpart, H. angustatum ( Fig. 2C-F), both extremely common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. These are followed by H. vermiforme ( Fig. 2G-K), from Africa, and the much larger-spored H. macrosporum, reported from North America and China (Teng 1933). Although Zogg (1962) did not accept ...Context 2
... A historical overview of the nomenclature of the genus was presented in Boehm et al. (2009). Zogg (1962) recognised two morphological types within the genus. Type I is characterised by 3-septate phragmospores, and includes the versicolorous type species H. pulicare ( Fig. 2A-B), and its closely related concolorous counterpart, H. angustatum ( Fig. 2C-F), both extremely common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. These are followed by H. vermiforme ( Fig. 2G-K), from Africa, and the much larger-spored H. macrosporum, reported from North America and China (Teng 1933). Although Zogg (1962) did not accept H. hyalinum, Lohman (1934) provided legitimacy to the epithet, noting that ...Context 3
... two morphological types within the genus. Type I is characterised by 3-septate phragmospores, and includes the versicolorous type species H. pulicare ( Fig. 2A-B), and its closely related concolorous counterpart, H. angustatum ( Fig. 2C-F), both extremely common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. These are followed by H. vermiforme ( Fig. 2G-K), from Africa, and the much larger-spored H. macrosporum, reported from North America and China (Teng 1933). Although Zogg (1962) did not accept H. hyalinum, Lohman (1934) provided legitimacy to the epithet, noting that pigmentation is delayed in the maturation of the 3-septate ascospores (Boehm et al. ...Context 4
... and curved when mature, highly guttulate, with guttulae large, highly refractive, present in every cell, with (7-)9(-11) septa, measuring (35-)40-45(-55) x (7-)9-10(-12) μm when mature (n = 27). Notes: A superficial resemblance exists between Hysterium barrianum in Clade C, with H. sinense in Clade D. The phragmospores of H. barrianum ( Fig. 2N-Q) have a similar number of septa, (7-)9(-11), as those of H. sinense (Fig. 3H), the latter with (3-)5-9(-11) septa. The two species also have spores of similar length. However, the width measurements of H. barrianum, (35-)40-45(-55) x (7-)9-10(-12) μm, serve to separate it from H. sinense, (34-)38-50 x 11-15 μm. Most importantly, H. ...Context 5
... therefore synonymise G. chilense with the earlier name G. simulans, as P. simulans. For G. uspallatense, Messuti & Lorenzo (2007) gave spore measurements of 18-24 x 10-12 μm, intermediate between G. chambianum, (14-)16-18(- 21) x (6-)8-9(-10) μm (Zogg 1962), and G. sasicola, 25-32 x 5-8 μm (Amano 1983). ...Context 6
... to von Höhnel's (1918) and Petrak's (1923a, b) circumscription of the genus Glonium, and includes species with fusiform spores, with acuminate apices, typically producing complex laterally anastomosing hysterothecia, forming stellate composites, usually with prominent subicula, with or without stroma. Zogg (1962) included the type, G. stellatum (Fig. 12A-E), G. compactum, and G. graphicum, the later sometimes variably associated with subicula. Zogg (1962) also stated that G. compactum possesses a subiculum, much like G. stellatum, and with similar spore size, but whereas hysterothecia in G. stellatum are merely seated on the subiculum, in G. compactum the hysterothecia are embedded in and ...Context 7
... (1962) also stated that G. compactum possesses a subiculum, much like G. stellatum, and with similar spore size, but whereas hysterothecia in G. stellatum are merely seated on the subiculum, in G. compactum the hysterothecia are embedded in and arise from a thin stromal crust, which is itself seated on subicula. Recently, a fourth species was added, based on molecular evidence (Boehm et al. 2009), namely G. circumserpens (Fig. 12F-H), from Tasmania ( Kantvilas & Coppins 1997). ...Context 8
... and with similar spore size, but whereas hysterothecia in G. stellatum are merely seated on the subiculum, in G. compactum the hysterothecia are embedded in and arise from a thin stromal crust, which is itself seated on subicula. Recently, a fourth species was added, based on molecular evidence (Boehm et al. 2009), namely G. circumserpens (Fig. 12F-H), from Tasmania ( Kantvilas & Coppins ...Context 9
... treat here all species of Glonium sensu Zogg (1962), belonging to Types I and II, outside of Anteaglonium, as belonging to Psiloglonium. Since the generic name Glonium is reserved for species in the Gloniaceae (Boehm et al. 2009), we propose eight new combinations for the genus Psiloglonium. Notes: Zogg (1962) described this species as G. pusillum from Juniperus phoenicea and Pinus sylvestris from Southern France, noting that it was quite rare. ...Context 10
... peridium in Rhytidhysteron is somewhat gelatinous when wet, as compared to the hard, carbonaceous peridium found in the Hysteriaceae. Although ascomata may possess striations, in Rhytidhysteron these are perpendicular to the long axis (Fig. 10K), rather than parallel, as in the Hysteriaceae (e.g., Figs 1A, 2B, and 6A). The ascospores in Rhytidhysteron tend to be heavily pigmented and thick- walled, as opposed to lightly pigmented and thin-walled in the Hysteriaceae. ...Similar publications
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Three strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from water tanks (phytotelmata) of a bromeliad species collected in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Analysis of sequences for the region spanning the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the 5.8S rRNA gene and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene and...
A reappraisal of the phylogenetic integrity of bitunicate ascomycete fungi belonging to or previously affiliated with the Hysteriaceae, Mytilinidiaceae, Gloniaceae and Patellariaceae is presented, based on an analysis of 121 isolates and four nuclear genes, the ribosomal large and small subunits, transcription elongation factor 1 and the second lar...
Myceliophthora guttulata sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on strains isolated from soil in China. This species is thermophilic with optimal growth temperature of 40–45 °C, and minimum growth temperature of 25 °C. Morphologically, this species is characterized by smooth, guttulate, pyriform to obovoid blastoconidia born directly on the si...
Citations
... Fungi belonging to the family Mytilinidiaceae (Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes) can be found on wood, bark, resin, cones, twigs and needles of conifers (Barr 1990, 1975, Boehm et al. 2009a. As such, they can be quite prominent in boreal forests, especially in areas with older trees. ...
... Subsequently, Luttrell (1953Luttrell ( , 1973 suggested a wide concept of Hysteriaceae, but Barr (1979) maintained the two-family distinction. Mytilinidiaceae has been variously associated with Melanommatales (Barr 1987(Barr , 1990, Chaetothyriomycetidae (Eriksson 2006) and Pleosporales (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007, Boehm et al. 2009a, but the family is currently considered as the only order of Mytilinidiales of the Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes (Boehm et al. 2009a, b). According to Wijayawardene et al. (2018), the currently accepted genera in Mytilinidiaceae are Actidium, Halokirschsteiniothelia, Lophium, Mytilinidion, Ostreola, Peyronelia (asexual morph), Pseudocamaropycnis, Quasiconcha, Septonema, Taeniolella and Zoggium. ...
... doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.25305109). Sequence data from Boehm et al. (2009a) and additional sequences of species from Mytilinidiaceae were downloaded from GenBank. Preliminary alignments were made using Muscle v. 5.1 (Edgar 2022) with standard settings as incorporated in Geneious Prime. ...
The new genus and species Bullatosporium taxicola are described from dead wood of Taxus baccata in western Norway. Despite some morphological resemblance with Hysteriaceae, including low ascomata with a thick carbonized peridium and mainly five-septate ascospores, multigene analysis of the five molecular markers SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF1-α and RPB2 revealed an affinity to Mytilinidiaceae. The new species formed a strongly supported sister clade to the remaining strains of Mytilinidiaceae. Dichotomous keys to genera of Mytilinidiaceae and to hysterioid species with phragmospores in Fennoscandia are provided to aid identification.
... Rhytidhysteron is a prominent genus in the Patellariaceae. It was transferred from Patellariaceae to Hysteriacae based on molecular data (Boehm et al. 2009;Hyde et al. 2013), but further studies placed it in Patellariaceae although this placement is still uncertain (Yacharoen 2015;Index Fungorum 2023). Rhytidhysteron species grow as endophytes, pathogens and saprobes on diverse plants in both marine and terrestrial environments (Soto and Lucking 2017;Ren et al. 2022;Bhunjun et al. 2023;Hyde et al. 2023a, b). ...
... Hamathecium consists of pseudoparaphyses, septate and branched and slightly swollen apical cells within the gelatinous matrix. Asci are bitunicate, cylindrical while ascospores are ellipsoidal to fusiform, 1-3-septate, constricted at the central septum, hyaline when immature, becoming brown with transverse and sub-muriform septa (Boehm et al. 2009;Thambugala et al. 2016). Rhytidhysteron asexual morph is either Aposphaeria or Diplodia-like, with semi-immersed, subglobose to ampulliform conidiomata, conidia mostly dark brown, oblong to ellipsoidal, 1-septate, and granular in appearance when mature (Wanasinghe et al. 2021;Ren et al. 2022). ...
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) is a seasonal fruit crop in Thailand. Thailand is a major exporter of rambutan, but its yield is compromised by fungal infections. Only a few studies have focused on fungi infecting this host plant in Thailand. Therefore, we investigated fungi from Nephelium lappaceum from northern Thailand and identified three new host records, along with new geographical records. The three fungi are Rhytidhysteron neorufulum, Scolecobasidium spiralihyphum, and Wiesneriomyces laurinus and all are described based on morphology and multigene phylogeny (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef, and β-tub). These findings provide substantial new data about fungal communities associated with the host, their geographic distribution and their effectiveness in ecosystem function. Herbarium specimens and pure cultures were deposited in the Mae Fah Luang University Fungarium and culture collection.
... Spegazzini (1881) introduced Rhytidhysteron with two species, R. brasiliense and R. viride in Patellariaceae without designating a type species, and Rhytidhysteron brasiliense was designated as the type species by Clements and Shear (1931). Later, based on phylogenetic analysis by Boehm et al. (2009aBoehm et al. ( , 2009b, Rhytidhysteron was placed in Hysteriaceae. Rhytidhysteron is distinguished from other genera in Hysteriaceae by the shape, presence or absence of striae on the margin, and border of the hysterothecium, the type of the exciple, the colour and reaction of the epithecium, and the size of the ascospores (Cobos-Villagrán et al. 2020). ...
... Habitat and distribution. Unknown plant in Europe, Ghana (Boehm et al. 2009a), Brazil (De Almeida et al. 2014; and Thailand (Thambugala et al. 2016); on dead woody stems and twigs of Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) and Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae) in Thailand (Huanraluek et al. 2020;Senwanna et al. 2021;Ren et al. 2022 Notes. In this study, we isolated four strains belonging to Rhytidhysteron. ...
... Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphology, Boehm et al. (2009aBoehm et al. ( , 2009b placed Hysteriaceae in Hysteriales, Pleosporomycetidae. Species belonging to this family are mainly saprobic on a wide range of hosts, mostly on dead wood and rarely weak pathogens (Boehm et al. 2009a(Boehm et al. , 2009bDe Almeida et al. 2014;Thambugala et al. 2016). ...
... Given its ascomatal shape, it was first reminiscent of the Mytilinidiaceae, a family mostly accommodating genera with conchate ascomata (BArr, 1975;Boehm et al., 2009a), but macro-and microscopic examination strongly suggested affinities with some species placed in Ostreichnion Duby (Hysteriaceae) as defined by BArr (1975). This genus was thereafter shown to be polyphyletic by Boehm et al. (2009a;2009b), who likewise underlined that the two species submitted to phylogenetic comparison were different in ascospore morphology. however, by lack of molecular data on the few other species placed in Ostreichnion, the status of this genus remained unresolved. ...
... We present here our results based on the morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of these collections and the comparison with ascospore morphology of all known species and LSU sequences of two previously known and two newly added species. As a strong correlation between ascospore morphology and phylogenetic affinities supports the polyphyly of Ostreichnion pointed out by Boehm et al. (2009a;2009b), the segregation of a new genus and the transfer in this genus of several species recently added to Ostreichnion and Hysterium Pers. appears justified. ...
... To understand our concept of the genus Ericboehmia, it is necessary to review the history of Ostreichnion, which was well documented by Boehm et al. (2009a;2009b). At that time the three species placed in Ostreichnion, namely O. sassafras (Schwein.) ...
A hysteriaceous dothideomycete with conchate ascomata with brittle wall was collected three times in French Guiana on dead corticated twigs of Caesalpinia pulcherrima. examination of morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of LSU sequences showed its affinities with the genus Ostreichnion and particularly with O. curtisii, with which it shares an ascospore morphology strongly deviating from that of O. sassafras, the type species. our morphological and molecular results led us to the segregation of the new genus Ericboehmia to accommodate those species previously assigned to Ostreichnion featuring oblong di-dymospores. The new species E. saulensis is described and illustrated based on these three collections. It is shown to differ from O. curtisii by ascospore dimensions and septation and is proposed as type species. In addition, based on our results, six new combinations are proposed to accommodate in Ericboehmia some species recently added to Ostreichnion or Hysterium. A dichotomous key to the species accepted in Ericboeh-mia is proposed. Résumé : une hystériale (Dothideomycetes) aux ascomes en forme de bivalve, à paroi fine et fragile, a été ré-coltée en Guyane française par trois fois sur des brindilles mortes et cortiquées de Caesalpinia pulcherrima. Son étude morphologique et l'analyse phylogénétique à partir de séquences LSU ont montré ses affinités avec le genre Ostreichnion et en particulier avec O. curtisii avec lequel elle partage une morphologie sporale très différente de celle de O. sassafras, l'espèce type. Nos résultats morphologiques et moléculaires nous ont conduits à la ségrégation du nouveau genre Ericboehmia pour y placer les espèces précédemment attribuées à Ostreichnion présentant des didymospores oblongues. L'espèce nouvelle E. saulensis est décrite et illustrée à partir de ces trois récoltes. Il est montré qu'elle diffère de O. curtisii par les dimensions et la septation des ascospores et elle est proposée comme espèce-type. De plus, nos résultats nous amènent à proposer six nouvelles combinaisons dans Ericboehmia pour des espèces récemment ajoutées à Ostreichnion et à Hyste-rium. Une clé dichotomique des espèces acceptées dans Ericboehmia est proposée.
... In the past, the order has been placed among pyrenomycetes and discomycetes at different times (Rehm 1986, Jayasiri et al. 2018, Dayarathne et al. 2020a). However, molecular data confirmed the placement of Hysteriales within Pleosporomycetidae in Dothideomycetes (Boehm et al. 2009a, b, Shearer et al. 2009, Suetrong et al. 2009, Jayasiri et al. 2018, Dayarathne et al. 2020a, Hongsanan et al. 2020b, Wijayawardene et al. 2022. The key morphologies of sexual Hysteriales taxa are thick-walled, navicular ascomata that typically dehisce through an invaginated slit or sulcus (Zogg 1962, Hongsanan et al. 2020b. ...
... Through taxonomic studies, the term hysterothecium was defined for the unique, darkly pigmented, and carbonaceous ascocarps for the Hysteriaceae (Clements 1909) and Zogg (1962) later monographed the family. The key characters of sexual morph taxa in Hysteriaceae are hysterothecial thick-walled, carbonaceous ascomata that are navicular and characteristically dehiscing by an invaginated slit or sulcus, small and thick pseudoparenchymatous cells, hamathecium with cellular or trabeculate, septate pseudoparaphyses; 8-spored, bitunicate asci with a distinct ocular chamber, and 1-2-seriate, 1-multi-septate, or muriform ascospores that are hyaline to light or dark-brown (Zogg 1962, Boehm et al. 2009a, Dayarathne et al. 2020a, Hongsanan et al. 2020b). Currently, 13 genera are accepted in Hysteriaceae while some genera (Actidiographium, Gloniella, Hysterocarina, and Hysteroglonium) still lack molecular data (Hongsanan et al. 2020b, Wijayawardene et al. 2022. ...
... Index Fungorum number: IF 2464; Facesoffungi number: FoF 0004 Notes -Hysterium was lectotypified by H. pulicare (Bisby 1923). The members of the genus are characterized by carbonaceous, hysterothecial ascomata, bitunicate, cylindrical, clavate asci and fusiform, 3 or more transversely septate, pigmented ascospores (Boehm et al. 2009a, b, Schoch et al. 2009, Hyde et al. 2017a, Dayarathne et al. 2020a. Hysterium is one of the largest genera in Hysteriales and they were reported as saprophytic on dead wood in terrestrial habitats (Hyde et al. 2020a). ...
... Furthermore, ANI analysis is not regularly used for the identification of fungi as practiced for bacterial species because fungal genomes are complex and their WGS are scarce in public databases [77]. Hence, whenever possible, MLST and WGS-based analyses are employed to reconstruct species trees and to determine the closest relatives of an unknown fungal strain [13,78,79]. In this study, we used a polyphasic approach for the identification of newly detected fungal strains, combining colony morphology, microscopy, MLST, and WGS. ...
National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) spacecraft assembly facilities
are monitored for the presence of any bacteria or fungi that might conceivably survive a transfer to an extraterrestrial environment. Fungi present a broad and diverse range of phenotypic and functional traits to adapt to extreme conditions, hence the detection of fungi and subsequent eradication of them are needed to prevent forward contamination for future NASA missions. During the construction and assembly for the Mars 2020 mission, three fungal strains with unique morphological and phylogenetic
properties were isolated from spacecraft assembly facilities. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on several gene loci (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB, TUB, TEF1) using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analyses supported the hypothesis that these were novel species. Here we report the genus or species-level classification of these three novel strains via a polyphasic approach using phylogenetic analysis, colony and cell morphology, and comparative anal-
ysis of WGS. The strain FJI-L9-BK-P1 isolated from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spacecraft Assembly Facility (JPL-SAF) exhibited a putative phylogenetic relationship with the strain Aaosphaeria arxii CBS175.79 but showed distinct morphology and microscopic features. Another JPL-SAF strain, FJII-L3-CM-DR1, was phylogenetically distinct from members of the family Trichomeriaceae and exhibited morphologically different features from the genera Lithohypha and Strelitziana. The strain FKI-L1-BK-
DR1 isolated from the Kennedy Space Center facility was identified as a member of Dothideomycetes incertae sedis and is closely related to the family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae according to a phylogenetic analysis. The polyphasic taxonomic approach supported the recommendation for establishing two novel genera and one novel species. The names Aaosphaeria pasadenensis (FJI-L9-BK-P1 = NRRL 64424 = DSM 114621), Pasadenomyces melaninifex (FJII-L3-CM-DR1 = NRRL 64433 = DSM 114623), and Floridaphiala radiotolerans (FKI-L1-BK-DR1 = NRRL 64434 = DSM 114624) are proposed as type species. Furthermore, resistance to ultraviolet-C and presence of specific biosynthetic gene cluster(s) coding for metabolically active compounds are unique to these strains.
... Notes -After their transfer from the Hysteriaceae, based on molecular studies, of the genera Hysterographium, Farlowiella and Glonium (see FP1436 of this paper), the genus Glonium was divided into Psiloglonium in the Hysteriaceae and Glonium in the Gloniaceae (Boehm et al. 2009a) and shortly thereafter the new genus, Anteaglonium, was proposed in the Pleosporales (Mugambi & Huhndorf 2009). The genus was subsequently placed in a new family, the Anteagloniaceae by Hyde et al. (2013). ...
Anteaglonium lusitanicum A. Mateos, S. De la Peña-Lastra & M. Serrano, sp. nov. on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica
... Notes -After their transfer from the Hysteriaceae, based on molecular studies, of the genera Hysterographium, Farlowiella and Glonium (see FP1436 of this paper), the genus Glonium was divided into Psiloglonium in the Hysteriaceae and Glonium in the Gloniaceae (Boehm et al. 2009a) and shortly thereafter the new genus, Anteaglonium, was proposed in the Pleosporales (Mugambi & Huhndorf 2009). The genus was subsequently placed in a new family, the Anteagloniaceae by Hyde et al. (2013). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina , Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits of Araujia hortorum . Australia , Agaricus pateritonsus on soil, Curvularia fraserae on dying leaf of Bothriochloa insculpta , Curvularia millisiae from yellowing leaf tips of Cyperus aromaticus , Marasmius brunneolorobustus on well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae from necrotic leaf of Heteropogon contortus , Penicillium tealii from the body of a dead spider, Pseudocercospora robertsiorum from leaf spots of Senna tora , Talaromyces atkinsoniae from gills of Marasmius crinis-equi and Zasmidium pearceae from leaf spots of Smilax glyciphylla . Brazil , Preussia bezerrensis from air. Chile , Paraconiothyrium kelleni from the rhizosphere of Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. chiloensis . Finland , Inocybe udicola on soil in mixed forest with Betula pendula , Populus tremula , Picea abies and Alnus incana . France , Myrmecridium normannianum on dead culm of unidentified Poaceae . Germany , Vexillomyces fraxinicola from symptomless stem wood of Fraxinus excelsior . India , Diaporthe limoniae on infected fruit of Limonia acidissima , Didymella naikii on leaves of Cajanus cajan , and Fulvifomes mangroviensis on basal trunk of Aegiceras corniculatum . Indonesia , Penicillium ezekielii from Zea mays kernels. Namibia , Neocamarosporium calicoremae and Neocladosporium calicoremae on stems of Calicorema capitata , and Pleiochaeta adenolobi on symptomatic leaves of Adenolobus pechuelii . Netherlands , Chalara pteridii on stems of Pteridium aquilinum , Neomackenziella juncicola (incl. Neomackenziella gen. nov.) and Sporidesmiella junci from dead culms of Juncus effusus . Pakistan , Inocybe longistipitata on soil in a Quercus forest. Poland , Phytophthora viadrina from rhizosphere soil of Quercus robur , and Septoria krystynae on leaf spots of Viscum album . Portugal (Azores) , Acrogenospora stellata on dead wood or bark. South Africa , Phyllactinia greyiae on leaves of Greyia sutherlandii and Punctelia anae on bark of Vachellia karroo . Spain , Anteaglonium lusitanicum on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica , Hawksworthiomyces riparius from fluvial sediments, Lophiostoma carabassense endophytic in roots of Limbarda crithmoides , and Tuber mohedanoi from calcareus soils. Spain (Canary Islands) , Mycena laurisilvae on stumps and woody debris. Sweden , Elaphomyces geminus from soil under Quercus robur . Thailand , Lactifluus chiangraiensis on soil under Pinus merkusii , Lactifluus nakhonphanomensis and Xerocomus sisongkhramensis on soil under Dipterocarpus trees. Ukraine , Valsonectria robiniae on dead twigs of Robinia hispida . USA , Spiralomyces americanus (incl. Spiralomyces gen. nov.) from office air. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... The fungi that invaded Amur Paleocene conifers include both endophytic (found inside the tissues of plant organs) and epiphytic (located on the surface of plant epidermal tissue) taxa. The studied endophytic fungi are compared with representatives of the orders Pleosporales (Figs. 3,6,8,12), Capnodiales (Figs. 3,7,8,12), Phacidiales (Fig. 2) and possibly Rhytismatales, Mytilinidiales (Fig. 9) and Botryosphaeriales (Figs. 3,8,12) (e.g., Whitney et al., 1975;Boehm et al., 2009;Crous et al., 2009;Zhang et al., 2009;Lantz et al., 2011;Koukol et al. 2012;Hyde et al., 2013;Knapp et al., 2015;Slippers et al., 2017;Quijada et al., 2018;Tanney and Seifert, 2018;Abdollahzadeh et al., 2020) living on conifers. Epiphytic fungi on Paleocene conifers belong to the family Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales (Figs. 11,13,14,[16][17][18] and possibly the family Micropeltidaceae (order incertae sedis) (Fig. 5), as well as Capnodiales (Figs. 3,7,8,12), Pleosporales (Figs. 3,6,7,8,12), and Meliolales (Figs. 6, 7) (e.g., Crous et al., 2009;Zhang et al., 2009;Wu et al. 2011;Thomas et al., 2013;Hongsanan et al., 2015;Knapp et al., 2015;Ma et al., 2015;Abdollahzadeh et al., 2020). ...
The types of damage to Cupressaceae and Pinaceae conifers from the Arkhara-Boguchan, Belaya Gora, and Progress localities (Amur Region, Russia; Paleocene) are analyzed. Most of the damage types were caused by various microscopic fungi of the Ascomycota. Fungal remains are represented by hyphae, chains of conidia, different fruiting bodies, and dispersed spores of three types. The problem of differentiation of morphologically similar damage caused by arthropods and micromycetes is discussed. The abundance of diverse micromycetes on various organs of Paleocene conifers is consistent with previously obtained data on the existence of these plants in a temperate humid climate with a hot summer and without a dry season.
... The genus Rhytidhysteron was described by Spegazzini (1881) and has been shown to belong to the Hysteriaceae (Boehm et al. 2009a(Boehm et al. , 2009bWijayawardene et al. 2020). The genus is characterised by forming hysterothecia, with lenticular or irregular, striated, or smooth openings; epithecium of various colours; excipulum composed of 1-2 layers of cells of angularis texture or globose texture. ...
The genus Rhytidhysteron is characterised by forming navicular to apothecial hysterothecia, exposing the green, yellow, orange, red, vinaceous or black colours of the hymenium which generally releases pigments in the presence of KOH. The exciple is smooth or striated, the asci bitunicate and ascospores have 1–5 transverse septa. To date, twenty-six Rhytidhysteron species have been described from the Tropics. The present study aims to describe three new species in the Neotropics of Mexico based on molecular methods and morphological features. Illustrations and a taxonomic key are provided for all known species of this genus. Rhytidhysteron cozumelense from the Isla Cozumel Biosphere Reserve, R. esperanzae from the Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca and R. mesophilum from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Hidalgo are described as new species. With the present study, the number of species of Rhytidhysteron known from Mexico is now increased to eight.
