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The four phases of affordable housing programs in Egypt (The first author based on (Mortgage Finance Guarantee and Support Fund, 2018, page: 23-30))
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The realization of the right to adequate housing is a critical issue that countries seek to achieve through affordable housing projects. However, there is a discrepancy in fulfilling the right to adequate housing between countries, which has surfaced the dilemma of defining adequate housing. In this respect, scanning relevant literature figured out...
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Context 1
... state is still building mega housing projects for the low-income level, recently known as the social housing programs. The history of affordable housing programs in Egypt can be divided into four phases interspersed with a transitional phase as a result of political circumstances in 2011, as shown in Table 1. The amount of housing production, whether it has been produced or targeted, is supposed to fulfill the seven key aspects of adequate housing stipulated in the international covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights as Egypt is one of the parties in that covenant. ...Citations
... A series of subsidized housing projects since the 1950s, have been (and still) implemented, under the titles of "Public Housing", "Economic Housing", "Youth and Future Housing", "National Housing Program", and lastly, the "Social Housing Program" (Hafez et al., 2021;Hamed, 2018). These housing programs, accompanied by private practices in the real estate industry, led to a form of segregation known as "Enforced Segregation", which can expand the disparities at different spatial scales (e.g., regions, cities, and neighborhoods). ...
Residential segregation is a crucial explanatory mechanism for exploring and understanding social and spatial inequalities in the Egyptian landscape through its impact on individual and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status and quality of life. In this thesis, a data science approach-a random forest classification approach-is used to (1) examine the factors that affect residential segregation and quality of life (QOL) in Egypt and (2) show how these factors change depending on the spatial context. The random forest classifier model was developed based on secondary data from the 2018 Egyptian Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS). The key results indicate clear residential segregation in a rural-urban spatial context and among Greater Cairo's districts. The results confirmed that factors fostering residential segregation are indissolubly linked to different aspects of quality of life, such as material living conditions, physical well-being, material well-being, and environmental quality. Then, to quantify and evaluate the factors that affect QOL in Egypt and how they differ across geographical regions, a multi-group structural equation model (MGSEM) was developed. The findings confirmed the preceding conclusions: residential segregation and quality of life are intrinsically linked. They showed significant socioeconomics and spatial disparities in the QOL. The research highlights the importance of uncovering the determinants and consequences of residential segregation on QOL. Reducing inequalities and enhancing the QOL of all citizens are human rights. They are crucial to achieving sustainable development and the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030.
... [5] Egypt has been one of the leading countries in the endeavors to join in global visions into national development frameworks, taking international development goals into account when articulating national goals with Egypt's Vision for Sustainable Development 2030. [6] which is aligned with the (SDGs) in general, and with Goal No (11) which is related to Sustainable Cities and Communities, [7] and since All 10 targets and indicators of (SDG) Goal 11 are integrated in the (CPI), The CPI can therefore be used to classify, compute, assess, monitor and report on progress by cities on 2030 agenda for sustainable development. [8] Which, of course, applies to Egyptian cities. Alexandria is one of the main cities on the Mediterranean Sea, and plays a vital role in the Egyptian economy and cultural life as the oldest and largest port in the country. ...
A sustainable city is largely related to how well the infrastructure is developed which is important to encourage economic progress and decrease poverty. In 2012, UN-Habitat has established the City Prosperity Index (CPI) as a multi scale sustainability measurement tool extending from national urban policies to sub-cities. This article demonstrates the use of the City Prosperity Index (CPI) to measure what has changed in the infrastructure dimension of the Bashayer El Khair 1 (BK1) project in the Gheit El Enab area in Alexandria before and after upgrading.
