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Background:
Adolescents are increasingly at risks of HIV infection through high-risk sexual behaviors. This paper aimed to assess the effectiveness of a HIV/AIDS educational intervention among female adolescents in Tehran.
Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted among high school girls aged 12-16 years studying in Tehran in 2016-17....
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Citations
... The sample size is calculated using the online platform Openepi (https://www.openepi.com/SampleSize/SS.htm), with the following statistical details: Two-sided significance level (1-alpha) = 95% Power (1-beta) = 80% Ratio of sample size, unexposed/exposed = 1:1 Prevalence difference = 19% 7 It is important to note that a total of 160 samples were collected for this research due to the complete enumeration. ...
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in adolescents are among the major public
health challenges that have to be prevented in time. Traditional education falls short of reach;
social media offers accessible ways. However, there is no research on such an issue in Nepal.
Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a social media-based health
education intervention in changing the intention of promoting sexual health among adolescents
in Nepal.
Study Design: A quasi-experimental study.
Methods: A total of 160 adolescent students aged 14–19 years old from four purposively selected
schools were evenly divided into intervention and non-intervention groups. Sampling and data
collection were performed between May and June 2023. Data were collected through selfadministered questionnaires for pretest and posttest evaluation. The intervention was delivered
and followed up through a Facebook Messenger group. The obtained data were managed and
analyzed using SPSS 21, with a significance level of 5%.
Results: Social media-based health education interventions played a significant role in promoting
the sexual health behavior of adolescents. The adolescents’ knowledge and attitude scores on
STIs increased from 2.33 to 4.62 and from 21.87 to 26.30. In addition, their scores on subjective
norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions in promoting sexual behavior increased
from 13.93 to 17.59, from 19.96 to 25.40, and from 13.07 to 18.06, respectively, which were
statistically significant.
Conclusion: The utilization of social media platforms such as Facebook Messenger groups is an
effective medium for delivering health educational messages. Hence, increasing social mediabased health education is a cost-effective intervention for promoting the health and sexual
behaviors of adolescents
... [5] Lack of knowledge and awareness about HIV and negative perceptions largely affect the successful implementation of preventive measures for HIV control. [13] Younger age-groups between 15 and 20 years, with various behavioural as well as physiological changes, are more vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as HIV/AIDS, because of lack of sex education and preventive measures. [14,15] In Indian society, most of the parents and families fail or hesitate to discuss this crucial topic which is of most concern in this current situation. ...
... Scoring: Each correct response was awarded one point, and an incorrect response was awarded zero points for the questions included under the knowledge, attitude and perception sections. The highest score for knowledge ranged from 0 to 16, and therefore, the classification for knowledge level was categorized into three levels: poor knowledge (score 0-7), moderate knowledge (8)(9)(10)(11) and good knowledge (12)(13)(14)(15)(16) depending upon the score gained by each participant for their knowledge towards HIV/AIDS. The highest score for attitude and practice ranged from 0 to 22. ...
A BSTRACT
Objective and Design
Although many studies have been conducted to assess the knowledge and practices among healthcare workers, high-risk groups or medical students, very few studies have been conducted among college students from non-medical backgrounds. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perception about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among the college students of the Mumbai region and to determine their association with the socio-demographic variables.
Setting and Methods
A cross-sectional online and offline questionnaire survey was conducted among 401 college students from the month of August 2022 to October 2022. Mean score and percentage were used to analyse the data.
Results
About 82.04% of participants exhibited good knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention, while 46.38% had a positive attitude towards HIV. Age, gender, religion and education had not influenced either knowledge or attitude significantly. Overall, knowledge score had a weak positive correlation with attitude of the participants.
Conclusion
Our study findings indicate that a holistic approach covering knowledge, psychological and societal health aspects is necessary among youth in India for positive changes in people’s behaviour and achieving HIV prevention and management goals which will benefit public health at large.
... Peer education has emerged as a promising approach to improve adolescents' preventive and health behaviors so that they avoid risky sexual behavior and promote healthy sexual behavior among their peers (He et al., 2020). Moreover, peer educators have demonstrated the efficacy of altering adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS prevention, including safe sexual practices and avoidance of illicit drugs, alcohol, psychotropic substances, and other addictive substances (Farahani et al., 2020). ...
Background
Adolescents face increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS due to factors such as insufficient knowledge and awareness, stigma, and restricted access to information. The Indonesian government initiated a peer education program through the Planning Generation Program (GenRe) ambassadors. These ambassadors are tasked with educating their peers about HIV/AIDS. However, their experiences are largely underexplored.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the GenRe ambassadors’ experience in improving adolescents’ HIV/AIDS prevention behavior.
Methods
This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, with in-depth and semi-structured interviews of GenRe ambassadors who had served for at least three to six months within the South Jakarta Health Sub-Department, Indonesia. Purposive sampling and data saturation techniques were utilized. Data were collected from 13 May to 31 August 2022, and Colaizzi’s steps were used to guide the data analysis.
Results
Nineteen GenRe ambassadors participated, predominantly female university students ages 18–22. Six themes were developed: 1) the impact of GenRe ambassadors’ roles in improving HIV/AIDS prevention behavior, 2) activities to improve HIV/AIDS prevention behavior, 3) enhancement of self-concept as GenRe ambassadors, 4) obstacles to activities for improving HIV/AIDS prevention behavior, 5) support for activities to improve HIV/AIDS prevention behavior, and 6) hope for improving the GenRe ambassador program’s implementation.
Conclusion
GenRe ambassadors are influencers who play a critical role in promoting HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors and fostering positive change in the broader youth community. Despite their positive self-concept, they encounter challenges in fulfilling their roles. Utilizing their insights, community health nurses can create effective peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention programs and contribute to a model of health promotion for adolescents. Leveraging the role of GenRe ambassadors as peer educators is recommended to enhance HIV/AIDS prevention efforts among adolescents.
... As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a numeral or numerals in square brackets-e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4][5][6]. See the end of the document for further details on references. ...
... Positive peer influence and discussions may lead to a better understanding of reproductive health issues [4]. Additionally, Self-Initiated learning was also done to educate about reproductive health, leading to a good level of knowledge and positive attitudes even without formal intervention [21] A study described how the TPB-based educational program mentioned earlier resulted in significant changes in attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and preventive behavior among in-school adolescents [3]. This suggests that educational interventions can protect adolescents from wrong attitudes and risky behaviors, especially where adolescents are at risk of HIV infection. ...
The prevalence of HIV infections in the province of Papua is rising. The study aimed to examine the effect of a sexual reproductive health-based HIV prevention program on knowledge, subjective norms, and attitudes, as well as the behavior control of reproductive health and HIV prevention. A quasi-experimental study was applied in this study with an equivalent control group. The total of 289 students is divided into the experimental group (n = 134) and the control group (n = 155). The experimental group received the sexual reproductive health-based HIV prevention program. The control group received the routine program from the school. The results found a significant difference in knowledge, subjective norms and attitudes, and behavior control of reproductive health and HIV prevention among intervention groups before and after receiving the Sexual Reproductive Health School-Based HIV Prevention program (p-value
... In intervention studies, the first step is to compile educational content based on the desired educational theory. 42 In the field of infectious such as HIV, the implementation of face-to-face programs seems to be more effective, 42 but the experience of the COVID-19 crisis showed that in the case of diseases with a high transmission rate, the implementation of online training programs has a higher ability to be implemented. ...
... In intervention studies, the first step is to compile educational content based on the desired educational theory. 42 In the field of infectious such as HIV, the implementation of face-to-face programs seems to be more effective, 42 but the experience of the COVID-19 crisis showed that in the case of diseases with a high transmission rate, the implementation of online training programs has a higher ability to be implemented. ...
Background and Aim
During outbreaks of infectious diseases, if healthcare providers do not follow the principles of prevention, the risk of personal infection increases and they become a source of infection spread. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the preventive health behaviors of COVID‐19 among Iranian healthcare providers based on protection motivation theory (PMT).
Methods
This analytical cross‐sectional study included 346 healthcare providers. Data was collected by an online researcher‐made questionnaire based on PMT. To analyze the data, independent T tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and SPSS 22 software were used. α was considered as 0.05.
Results
85.3% of the healthcare providers would always wear masks, 80.7% would always refuse to kiss and touch hands with others, and 34.7% sometimes would exercise at home. The preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with protection motivation (r = 0.84), self‐efficacy (r = 0.51), response efficiency (r = 0.43), perceived severity (r = 0.41) Fear (r = 0.21), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.11), response cost (r = −0.14), and reward (r = −0.15). PMT constructs were able to predict 77% of the variance of the behaviors and the protection motivation construct was the strongest predictor (β = 0.806). Income above 300 Dolars per month was significantly related to the decrease in the mean score of preventive behaviors against COVID‐19. The female sex and the individual or family history of infectious diseases were significantly related to increasing the mean score of COVID‐19 preventive behaviors.
Conclusion
Based on the study results, it is suggested that some educational interventions be designed and implemented with a focus on this construct and the perceived severity construct and that more attention be given to the education of health care providers with high‐income levels, male providers, and the individuals without a history of corona infection in themselves or their family members.
... Many young people in Iran, regardless of gender, do not benefit from sufficient opportunities to improve their overall health, including RH [2,3]. While the government has reaffirmed many commitments for young people's wellbeing such as access to SRH services, policy development falls far short of realizing these commitments [4]. Passing from youth to adulthood without sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude about reproductive and sexual health information and services causes repercussions [5]. ...
... Attitude is the first determining factor of behavioral intention, and the more favorable the attitude is toward the behavior, the stronger the individual's intention is for that conduct [9]. Several intervention programs have been designed to improve the attitude and optimal performance of RH among young people in the world, and a few of them have been successful [4,[10][11][12]. It is believed that the reason for this lack of success is the scarcity of studies on the factors affecting the attitudes and beliefs of young people in the area of RH issues. ...
Background
It is essential to empower young people to promote reproductive health (RH) and develop effective educational programs to prevent risky behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting students’ attitudes towards RH based on the ecological model and then design an educational program.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 461 female students aged 18–29 in the north of Iran. This study was done in two stages. In the first stage, factors affecting the attitude towards RH including demographic questionnaire, interpersonal communication skills, family communication pattern, depression, stress and anxiety, body self-image, and self-confidence were determined. In the second stage, an educational program was designed based on the most effective factors. Independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were employed using SPSS version 20 software. Also, STATA version 15 software was utilized for statistical modeling to predict the best predictive model of attitude towards RH.
Results
47.7% of students had a good attitude toward RH. The majority of students had problems with interpersonal communication skills (60.7%). Also, 28.5% experienced depression, 35.8% anxiety, and 12.8% stress at different levels. More than a quarter of the students (26.5%) had poor body self-image and 18.7% had Undesirable self-esteem. Interpersonal skills (P = 0.002), family communication pattern (P = 0.004), stress (p = 0.019), anxiety (P = 0.001), and body self-image (P = 0.034) have a significant relationship with the attitude towards RH. The multiple regression showed that the most important effective factor on RH is the dialogue orientation of family communication pattern (P = 0.041), stress (P = 0.002), and anxiety (P = 0.001).
Conclusion
Stress and anxiety management training and the use of dialogue orientation in the family communication pattern for young female students are recommended based on the scientific model.
... Because they have a theoretical foundation, theory-based interventions provide a basis for understanding how cognitive abilities predict sexual behavior and are considered to be more efficacious than those that are not theory-based [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Additionally, theory when used to inform behavior change can aid in understanding factors influencing risky and safe sexual behavior and can be effective in establishing principles and address the dynamics of behavior change [19]. Besides providing theoretical underpinnings for behavioral interventions, behavioral theories can provide a framework for evaluating HIV prevention interventions [18]. ...
... The TRA/TPB is an explanatory theory that postulates that a person's behavior is determined by his/her intention to perform the behavior. It asserts that behavioral intention is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The Sock model stipulates that behavior change is a continuous process and that an individual passes through five stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance [26]. ...
Background: In Sub-Sahara Africa, young people aged between 15 and 24 years are disproportionately affected by the HIV pandemic and represent a growing population in need of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Several theory-based HIV prevention interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the risk of HIV infection transmission among young people and enhance positive sexual behaviours. However, there are few evidence syntheses that highlight the role of theory-based HIV and sexual health interventions in enhancing positive sexual behaviours among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review aims to map evidence on the role of theory-based HIV prevention intervention in enhancing positive sexual behaviour outcomes and reducing risk factors among young people aged 10-24 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa.
... Although public awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention has increased, young people still do not have enough knowledge about the disease (1). As the world's most vulnerable group to AIDS, young people are at risk for unsafe sex because of a sense of curiosity, peer pressure, ignorance, and incompetence. ...
Background: Promoting awareness and correcting health beliefs about preventive behaviors in adolescents and young people are the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted to assess the influence of the educational intervention on the promotion of perceived self-efficacy to inhibit HIV/AIDS among high school students. Methods: This quasi-experimental investigation included 230 high school students in Asadabad and was conducted in 2021. Following the selection of students by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, they were allotted into two equal (intervention and control) groups of 115 individuals. The educational program for the intervention group included five one-hour sessions of the students’ social network (Shad), which was implemented by a participatory method based on questions and answers and group discussion, as well as practical performance. A reliable and valid questionnaire comprising three parts (personal attributes, awareness, and health belief model [HBM] constructs) was employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using different tests, including Fisher’s exact test, the chi-square test, ANCOVA, and independent and paired sample t tests in SPSS software, version 16. Results: Educational intervention based on HBM not only affected the promotion of awareness (P<0.05), self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits but also reduced students’ perceived barriers to preventive behaviors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the educational intervention based on HBM affected health belief constructs concerning HIV/AIDS. Thus, the results of this study can be beneficial for school health education and health educators who design disease education programs.
... Because they have a theoretical foundation, theory-based interventions provide a basis for understanding how cognitive abilities predict sexual behaviour and are considered to be more e cacious than those that are not theory-based [13,18]. Additionally, theory when used to inform behaviour change can aid in understanding factors in uencing risky and safe sexual behaviour and can be effective in establishing principles and address the dynamics of behaviour change [19]. Besides providing theoretical underpinnings for behavioural interventions, behavioural theories can provide a framework for evaluating HIV prevention interventions [18]. ...
... The TRA/TPB is an explanatory theory that postulates that a person's behaviour is determined by his/her intention to perform the behaviour. It asserts that behavioural intention is in uenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control [19,25]. The SoC model stipulates that behaviour change is a continuous process and that an individual passes through ve stages: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance [26]. ...
Background
In Sub-Sahara Africa, young people aged between 15 and 24 years are disproportionately affected by the HIV pandemic and represent a growing population in need of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. Several theory-based HIV prevention interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the risk of HIV infection transmission among young people and enhance positive sexual behaviours. However, there are few evidence syntheses that highlight the role of theory-based HIV and sexual health interventions in enhancing positive sexual behaviours among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review aims to map evidence on the role of theory-based HIV prevention intervention in enhancing positive sexual behaviour outcomes and reducing risk factors among young people aged 10–24 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods and Analysis
This scoping review will adopt the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. We will identify several databases which will include PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest One Academic, Web of Science, and Google scholar. We will search for relevant studies from 2012 onwards, written in English, and conducted in the SSA region. We will adopt a two-stage process where two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts for eligibility after which they will carry out data extraction and analysis through an iterative process. This will be followed by a full-text screening of the articles from the selected titles and abstracts.
Discussion
Results from this scoping review can inform policy changes and guide future HIV programme developers to develop and implement effective theory-based HIV interventions among young people in SSA. It can provide insights on how theories can be combined to address complex behavioural characteristics. Importantly, the review will act as a backdrop to many theory-based HIV interventions that seek to integrate the positive youth development approach in existing HIV prevention programmes.
... Various studies from around the world have focused on menstrual health issues. Educational interventions among primary and secondary school girls have been shown to be effective [13,14]. Based on the results of related studies, the menstrual health of adolescent girls in Iran over the past decade has been poor [4,15]. ...
... A statistically significant difference was also found between the intervention and control groups in perceived behavioral control around menstrual health, providing support for the enrollment of adolescent students in care programs (p<0.001). Poor self-efficacy and personal control regarding behaviors associated with menstrual health is a risk factor for puberty-related and reproductive problems [14]. Thus, perceived behav-ioral control plays an important role in the promotion of menstrual health care in girls. ...
... Kaveh et al. [23] conducted a similar study of secondary school girls that showed that educational programs in schools for girls and their parents are effective and play an important role in improving health care. This aligns with the results obtained by Khalajabadi Farahani et al. [14]. According to the concept of perceived behavioral control, people's behavior is guided by their perceptions regarding their abilities to perform the given behavior [36]. ...
Objectives:
Poor menstrual health may lead to school absenteeism and adverse health outcomes for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pubertal and menstrual health education on health and preventive behaviors among Iranian secondary school girls.
Methods:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a health intervention program. A total of 578 students (including intervention and control participants) in 12 schools in Tehran Province, Iran were included by multistage random sampling. The program comprised seven 2-hour educational sessions. After confirming the reliability and validity of a researcher-made questionnaire, that questionnaire was used to collect the required data, and the groups were followed up with after 6 months.
Results:
After the educational intervention, the mean scores of menstrual health-related knowledge and constructs of the theory of planned behavior were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p<0.001 for all dimensions).
Conclusions:
The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of menstrual health interventions in schools. These findings should also encourage health policy-makers to take committed action to improve performance in schools.
