Fig 3 - uploaded by Takanori Suzuki
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The fish cake phantom was bilaterally heated by 40 watts laser power irradiation using a shielded balloon with a laser probe, through which cold water is circulated.
Source publication
Transurethral balloon laser thermotherapy (TUBAL-T) improves objective, but not subjective, symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We studied whether or not an Nd:YAG laser beam with a shielded balloon could successfully irradiate the prostate during TUBAL-T in selective manner, to improve the subjective symptoms.
TUBAL-T was performed on...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... temperature distribution in the phantom is shown in Fig. 3. Examination of the phantom in the longitudinal plane shows the region of greatest tissue temperature elevation to be located bilaterally at a depth of about 5 mm from the balloon surface. The distribution profile was elliptical. The average temperatures obtained at different depths and power are shown in Table 1. The depth of the ...
Citations
... Asymmetrical coagulation can be produced by partially shielding the circumference of the applicator from laser irradiation. 174,175 A new fibre tip made of highly reflective material is presented in Paper XI. The probe emits light through an elongated but narrow slit, making possible selective coagulation (Fig. 3.7). ...
The major immunoregulatory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are mediated by structurally distinct type I (VIPR1) and II (VIPR2) G protein-associated receptors on many different types of immune cells. VIP is released in functionally relevant concentrations during many immunologic and inflammatory responses. Mast cells (VIPR1), macrophages (VIPR1 and VIPR2), B cells, and T cells (VIPR1, VIPR2, or VIPR1 and VIPR2) recognize and respond to VIP in patterns that are controlled by the relative levels of expression of VIPR1 and VIPR2. VIPR2 transduces human T-cell chemotaxis, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and consequently basement membrane and connective tissue transmigration, while signaling suppression of proliferation and cytokine production. In contrast, VIPR1 fails to transduce T-cell chemotaxis but mediates suppression of chemotaxis and MMP expression elicited by some cytokines and chemokines. The relative representation of each type of VIPR, which is presumed to be under cytokine control, thus may determine T-cell responses to VIP and other immune mediators in tissue compartments innervated by VIPergic nerves.
Hyperthermia is performed for prostate cancer. We examined the selective induction of coagulonecrotic changes in the objective area of the canine prostate in enhancing the effect of hyperthermia and treating the target area with transurethral balloon laser enhanced thermotherapy (TUBAL-ET) using a light absorbent material.
The heat exchange of ultrafine carbon particles after laser irradiation was observed in a phantom study using thermography. The carbon solution was injected at the right prostatic lobe in dogs and TUBAL-ET was performed.
The charcoal absorbed the Nd:YAG laser energy and apparently converted it into thermal energy in the phantom study by thermographic observation. TUBAL-ET induced coagulonecrotic changes only at the area at which carbon had been injected in the prostate gland. The necrotic tissue was almost absorbed at four weeks after treatment.
TUBAL-ET induces tissue damage at the target area in the prostate gland.
The activation of a cellular immune response in a genetically susceptible individual is widely recognised as a main step in triggering rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The tachykinins, substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), can play a major role in different immune diseases. In patients with inflammatory joint disease, elevated levels of SP have been demonstrated in the synovial fluid of affected joints. It is well known that SP and, to a lesser extent, NKA are deeply involved in the processing of nociceptive signals and exert many pro-inflammatory actions, which may be elicited by an increased neuronal neurokinin release in arthritis; the mechanism behind this increase remains to be fully elucidated. Different observations suggest that one approach to the treatment of RA might be to inhibit the local effects of neurokinins in the affected joints. This review will summarise the more relevant aspects of this topic.
