Figure 2 - uploaded by Artur Pliszko
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The figure shows: a -the artificial pond containing the alien species: Limnobium laevigatum, Pistia stratiotes and Pontederia crassipes in Kraków, southern Poland; b -rosettes of P. crassipes between juvenile L. laevigatum and P. stratiotes rosettes; c -rosettes of P. stratiotes between juvenile L. laevigatum rosettes; d -mature rosettes of L. laevigatum. All photographed by Artur Pliszko, 16-19 September 2020.
Source publication
Invasive aquatic plants can spread rapidly causing many negative effects on both the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. They can also hinder navigation, fishing, water tourism, and recreation. Early detection and rapid response to invasive aquatic plants can prevent their further spread and negative impacts. In this study, we present...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... laevigatum was dispersed quite regularly (except the central part of the pond), covering about 35% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2a). Pontederia crassipes and P. stratiotes were dispersed irregularly, reaching less than 5% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2b, c). ...
Context 2
... laevigatum was dispersed quite regularly (except the central part of the pond), covering about 35% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2a). Pontederia crassipes and P. stratiotes were dispersed irregularly, reaching less than 5% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2b, c). Moreover, a few specimens of L. laevigatum and P. stratiotes were also found in a ditch connected to the pond (along with a distance of 5 m from the western bank of the pond). ...
Context 3
... a few specimens of L. laevigatum and P. stratiotes were also found in a ditch connected to the pond (along with a distance of 5 m from the western bank of the pond). The population of L. laevigatum consisted of juvenile specimens with rosettes of floating leaves and mature specimens with rosettes of emergent leaves (Figure 2d). Mature specimens of L. laevigatum formed two dense clusters covering about 30 m 2 of the water surface in the southern part of the pond and a few small loose clusters covering about 2 m 2 of the water surface in the eastern part of the pond. ...
Context 4
... laevigatum was dispersed quite regularly (except the central part of the pond), covering about 35% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2a). Pontederia crassipes and P. stratiotes were dispersed irregularly, reaching less than 5% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2b, c). ...
Context 5
... laevigatum was dispersed quite regularly (except the central part of the pond), covering about 35% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2a). Pontederia crassipes and P. stratiotes were dispersed irregularly, reaching less than 5% of the water surface of the pond (Figure 2b, c). Moreover, a few specimens of L. laevigatum and P. stratiotes were also found in a ditch connected to the pond (along with a distance of 5 m from the western bank of the pond). ...
Context 6
... a few specimens of L. laevigatum and P. stratiotes were also found in a ditch connected to the pond (along with a distance of 5 m from the western bank of the pond). The population of L. laevigatum consisted of juvenile specimens with rosettes of floating leaves and mature specimens with rosettes of emergent leaves (Figure 2d). Mature specimens of L. laevigatum formed two dense clusters covering about 30 m 2 of the water surface in the southern part of the pond and a few small loose clusters covering about 2 m 2 of the water surface in the eastern part of the pond. ...
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Citations
... In Europe, escape of water lettuce was reported from the Netherlands in 1973 (Mennema, 1977), but winter survival has only been reported in Austria (Hartl et al., 1992), Hungary (Simon, 2000), Slovenia (Šajna et al., 2007), Germany (Hussner et al., 2014) and Italy (Ercolini, 2008). In recent years, there has been a significant invasion of the species in Hungary and neighboring countries (Pliszko and Górecki, 2021;Sajna et al., 2023). In the oxbow lake with a thermal spring of the Sava River (SE Slovenia), the distribution of P. stratiotes resulted the gradual disappearance of six native submerged species (Jaklič et al., 2020). ...
... There is a common consensus, supported by the Red List of European Habitats [6], that the key threats to European aquatic and wetland habitats are alterations to hydrological systems, climate change, pollution, and invasive species [7]. In Europe, native freshwater biota are facing increasing competitive pressure due to the arrival and spread of floating-leaf aquatic plants (e.g., Azolla filiculoides and Eichhornia crassipes) in inland water bodies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Of particular concern is the recent appearance of an aggressive invasive alien species (AIS), Hydrocharis laevigata, whose common names include South American spongeplant, smooth frogbit, or Amazon frogbit. ...
... In 2020, H. laevigata was observed in southern Poland, in an artificial pond near Agatowa Street in the district of Bieżanów-Prokocim in eastern Kraków [15]. It was noted [15] that the species (as L. laevigatum) is likely a sporadic invader in Poland, given that other similar invasive species display constrained ranges due to the country's cold winter temperatures. ...
... It cannot survive winter conditions in Poland, outside of the habitat found in greenhouses or residences (Figure 1). In 2020, H. laevigata was observed in southern Poland, in an artificial pond near Agatowa Street in the district of Bieżanów-Prokocim in eastern Kraków [15]. It was noted [15] that the species (as L. laevigatum) is likely a sporadic invader in Poland, given that other similar invasive species display constrained ranges due to the country's cold winter temperatures. ...
Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. [= Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine], Hydrocharitaceae, is a floating-leaf aquatic plant that is native to inland South America. It is an invasive species in several parts of the world. Reports of its presence in Europe have been recently published: naturalised populations occur in three locations on the Iberian Peninsula. The literature also contains records of the species in Hungary and Poland. In addition, it has been observed in Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands. H. laevigata is highly adaptable and can profoundly transform habitat conditions in its invasive range, causing major issues for ecosystem conservation and human activities. Until recently, H. laevigata was not to be found in natural environments in Europe. Factors explaining its spread include its use as an ornamental plant, the eutrophication of inland waters, and the effects of global warming. With a focus on Europe, this short communication provides information on the species' distribution, taxonomy, biology, habitat, and negative impacts.
The wildlife (animal and plant) trade has moved online, which presents researchers and enforcement agencies with an unprecedented opportunity to monitor trade activity to manage environmental biosecurity and combat illegal activities. The invasion risk posed by ecommerce was previously identified by the Environment and Invasives Committee Scoping Study on “E-commerce in invasive species”. There was broad acknowledgment that existing ad hoc monitoring of wildlife trade on the internet was insufficient to fully quantify risk and aid prevention. This report can assist Australian biosecurity practitioners and decision-makers to establish their own surveillance systems to enable early preventative action to protect Australia’s economy, environment, and social wellbeing from the burgeoning costs of the illegal wildlife trade. In this report we detail the internet surveillance project we established to monitor the alien vertebrate pet trade and declared ornamental plant trade. This project contributes to Australia’s implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity Aichi Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. We constructed automated monitoring systems for about 90 ‘open-web’ websites (e.g. ecommerce, stores, forums) across four continents. To date, we have collected over seven million unique, online wildlife advertisements at a rate of about 2.5 million advertisements per year. With feedback and communication from government practitioners and stakeholders, we constructed a user-friendly website that can be used to query our database and receive email alerts. We named this website DIWT: Digital surveillance for Illegal Wildlife Trade. DIWT is different from any other surveillance platform currently being used to survey and detect online wildlife trade in Australia (Appendix S5). We use several case studies to demonstrate how we used our dataset of online advertisements. These case studies include the illegal plant and animal trade in Australia, as well as exploring the burgeoning trade in live invertebrates as pets. In particular, we have greatly expanded knowledge of the ecommerce pathway in Australia and implemented a more strategic and coordinated approach to ecommerce surveillance. DIWT will enable government biosecurity agencies to better manage this pathway, while future research will be required to extend our work to other ecommerce trading platforms (including user-groups and forums) and include automated approaches for combating illicit behaviour (e.g., incorporating image recognition plug-ins and machine learning).
