Fig 3 - uploaded by Jenifer L. Yost
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Most soils in the Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin are highly permeable, retain little water, and store low amounts of nutrients and soil organic carbon. Many of these soils are cultivated, and require irrigation for high crop yields. Common crops are potatoes, corn, and soybeans.
The research was conducted on a farm in Waushara County, Wisconsin....
Similar publications
Regenerative Agriculture proposes to contribute to climate change mitigation and increased food production through improved yields by building soil organic carbon (SOC). We examine three Regenerative practices: reducing tillage intensity, cover cropping and including a grass-based phase in arable rotations (ley-arable systems). Our Bayesian meta-an...
![Mean soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and OC input [Mg ha -1 ] as well...](publication/353045938/figure/tbl1/AS:1043074285322240@1625699697001/Mean-soil-organic-carbon-SOC-stocks-and-OC-input-Mg-ha-1-as-well-as-average-mean_Q320.jpg)
The ratio of soil organic carbon stock (SOC) to annual carbon input gives an estimate of the mean residence time of organic carbon that enters the soil (MRTOC ). It indicates how efficiently biomass can be transformed into SOC, which is of particular relevance for mitigating climate change by means of SOC storage. There have been few comprehensive...
Application of organic amendments such as livestock manures and compost is commonly listed amongst strategies with potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in agriculture and contribute to climate change mitigation. However, quantifying this potential is hampered by the paucity of data on amounts and characteristics of organic amendments ap...
The grassland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) store a large amount of organic carbon because of the cold, humid climate, and topsoil organic carbon is quite sensitive to global climate changes. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics and factors that influence the soil organic carbon (SOC) on the QTP’s grassland are not understood well. More...
In an attempt to counter the progress of climate change, the European Commission 2030 climate and energy framework developed a binding target to cut GHG emissions within the territory by at least 40% below 1990 levels, by 2030. In the past, this did not include the role of soils in providing a sink for carbon. As of 2014, the European Commission le...
Citations
... Finalmente, el Agua Total Disponible (TAW) para que la vegetación pueda subsistir, es representada por la zona entre el θfc y θwp (Allen et al., 1998). Los diferentes tipos de suelo presentan valores característicos de θfc y θwp de acuerdo a su textura (Yost, 2016). El θwp, se calculó con el análisis del periodo de estiaje que abarca la temporada de verano indicaron que este valor de θ se asocia a la etapa en la que las raíces de la vegetación no pueden extraer agua del suelo y se relaciona con el θwp. ...
El presente trabajo de tesis se centra en el desarrollo y validación de modelos predictivos para
calcular el coeficiente de vegetación (Kc) y la evapotranspiración actual (ETa) de la vegetación
natural dominada por chaparral en una región semiárida Mediterránea. El estudio se realizó en la
porción central de la subcuenca El Mogor, localizada en el Valle de Guadalupe en B.C., México,
durante el periodo de junio 2015 a septiembre 2016. Se integraron en la metodología propuesta por
la FAO-56 datos climáticos, de humedad del suelo y de percepción remota (índices de vegetación,
[VI]) para realizar el cálculo los coeficientes de estrés hídrico del suelo (Ks), de transpiración de la
vegetación (Kcb) y evaporación de agua del suelo (Ke) que conforman el cálculo de Kc.
Posteriormente, mediante el producto de Kc y la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo), se realizó
la estimación de la ETa calculada (ETa cal). Finalmente se evaluaron estadísticamente los resultados
de la ETa cal con los de la ETa medida (ETa med) por una estación Eddy Covarianza localizada a ~
2.8 km de la zona de estudio a través del coeficiente de determinación (R2
) producto de los modelos
lineales. El método se aplicó en ambos sitios (porción central de la subcuenca El Mogor y en el
sitio de la estación Eddy Covarianza). Se llevó a cabo los cálculos de ETa cal mediante dos
metodologías que involucran ETo, la primera emplea la metodología propuesta por Allen et al.
(1998) y la segunda sigue una estructura similar, cuya diferencia es la omisión de Ke. La segunda
opción tuvo mejores resultados al evaluar el producto final (Kc * ETo), teniendo una mayor
similitud con ETa med. Los resultados revelaron que el Índice de Diferencia Normalizada de Borde
Rojo (NDRE) presentó fuertes correlaciones con Kc, realizando la omisión de Ke en el cálculo de
Kc calculando un R2 en el rango de 0.74 – 0.96. Al evaluar el grado de asociación entre ETa cal con
ETa med se observa una asociación positiva moderada a fuerte (R2 en el rango de 0.65 – 0.78)
omitiendo Ke. Se podría esperar que ETa cal incluyendo Ke tendría un mejor ajuste, sin embargo,
sobreestima los valores de ETa cal en un 126%, mientras que omitiendo Ke subestima los valores en
un 5%. Se concluye que los modelos evaluados omitiendo Ke pueden ser válidos para calcular Kc
mediante el NDRE en la zona de estudio, así como el cálculo de ETa y facilitar su aproximación.
Este estudio aporta conocimientos regionales valiosos para la estimación de la ETa reduciendo el
número de variables para su cálculo (NDRE y ETo). Considerando los hallazgos del presente
trabajo de investigación se pueden ofrecer algunas recomendaciones de manejo como el monitoreo
de la salud vegetal, conservación y restauración de ecosistemas, planificación del uso de tierra,
evaluación del cambio climático, uso eficiente del agua y en general la gestión del agua. Sin
embargo, es importante destacar que los resultados no reemplazan a la ETa medida en la estación
Eddy Covarianza, sino que la complementan con el propósito de estimar la ETa en áreas donde no
se disponga de datos.
... The soil type of the field was a loamy fine sand (organic matter < 1%) from a depth of 0 to 45 cm and was a fine sand (organic matter < 0.5%) from a depth of 45 to 75 cm (Supplemental Table S1). Soils in the area have an average permanent wilting point was 0.055 m 3 m −3 , an average field capacity of 0.162 m 3 m −3 , and an average available water content of 0.107 m 3 m −3 [23]. For the standard irrigation treatment, the maximum allowed soil water deficit was 40%. ...
Decisions in irrigation management can greatly impact the overall sustainability of potato production. A field study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the impacts of different irrigation regimes on yield and quality of three russet potato varieties. For Russet Burbank, fry quality at harvest and at 4 and 8 months after harvest was assessed. During early growth stages, the standard practice of irrigating to maintain 60–80% soil moisture was employed. The irrigation treatments were applied during the late tuber bulking and maturation growth stages, and consisted of irrigation at 125%, 100%, 75%, and 50% of daily evapotranspiration (ET). We found that 125%ET provided no increase in total yield and marketable yield compared to other treatments in 2018, and it produced similar marketable yield to 100%ET in 2019. Total yield, but not marketable yield, of 125%ET and 100%ET was significantly higher than the number under 50%ET in 2019. In both years, increasing irrigation rate led to a decrease in irrigation efficiency and water-use efficiency. Irrigation rate had no significant effects on tuber quality at harvest and during storage. This study indicated that over-irrigation at 125%ET was not beneficial to profitable potato production in the Upper Midwest of the US, and deficit irrigation at 75%ET during late tuber bulking and tuber maturation could potentially result in more sustainable water use while not jeopardizing tuber growth. The results support the possibility of adopting late-season deficit irrigation for growing potatoes in the region, though more years of research would allow for a better understanding of the impacts of this practice.
... 25 July was chosen as it represented the average date across the three varieties to reach late tuber bulking. 20 August was chosen as the date to change application rates in treatment 5 (Table 1) because it was during the tuber maturation stage. All irrigation treatments ended at vine kill, which occurred on 10 September in 2018 and 9 September in 2019. ...
Irrigation is required for profitable commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. Excessive or deficit soil water availability during the growing season can have adverse effects on tuber yield, quality, and storability. A field study was conducted during the 2018 and 2019 field and storage seasons in Central Wisconsin, a region in the U.S. with a high volume of potato production, to evaluate the impacts of different irrigation rates on three chipping potato varieties, Hodag, Lamoka, and Snowden. The treatments were implemented during the late-tuber bulking and tuber maturation growth stages, and consisted of irrigation at 125%, 100%, 75%, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ET). Irrigation before the treatment period was at 100%ET for all plots. With the industry standard irrigation practice being at 100%ET, other treatments were designated as over-irrigation or deficit irrigation. The impact of these watering rates on tuber yield and quality was evaluated at harvest, and tuber storage quality was assessed by measuring chip fry color and sugar concentrations at 0, 4, and 8 months of storage. It was found that compared to the standard practice, the over-irrigation treatment at 125%ET when tubers reached late bulking resulted in no significant increase in total yield, marketable yield, tuber quality at harvest and during storage, as well as reduced irrigation efficiency (IE) and water-use efficiency (WUE). This treatment also increased nitrate leaching potential in both years. In comparison, deficit irrigation at 75%ET or even 50%ET during the late season had no impact on tuber growth, could increase IE and WUE in one of the two years, and showed reduced drainage. In both years, irrigation rate had no significant effects on hollow heart incidence, tuber specific gravity at harvest, and fry quality during the 8-month storage period. This study suggested that over-irrigation was not beneficial for potato production in Central Wisconsin of the U.S., and deficit irrigation during late tuber bulking and tuber maturation stages could potentially result in more sustainable water use while not penalizing tuber yield, quality and storability of chipping potatoes.
The water requirements of banana and papaya, the two most important fruit crops of Pakistan, are not known because farmers continue to apply water even if the crop does not need it. In this study, the evapotranspiration (ET), groundwater contribution (GW) and crop coefficient (Kc) values of banana (1995–1999) and papaya (2013–2016) were determined under different water table depths (WTDs) and soil types using drainage-type lysimeters. The WTDs were maintained at 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 m from the ground surface by means of Mariotte bottles. The banana ET during the first year was between 1653 and 1992 mm with a GW contribution of 11–20%, whereas during the second to fifth years, it was between 2430 and 3023 mm with a GW contribution of 10–16%. The banana yield was in the range of 58,638–79,780 kg ha−1, and the water use efficiency (WUE) was between 2.65 and 3.31 kg m−3. The papaya ET was between 1478 and 1766 mm with a GW contribution of 7–18% at 1.50–2.50 m WTDs. The papaya yield was in the range of 61,184–83,004 kg ha−1 with a WUE of 4.13–4.70 kg m−3. Therefore, GW contribution is an important component of the water balance under shallow water table conditions and should be considered when devising irrigation scheduling for banana and papaya crops.
Plant roots are highly adaptable, but their adaptability is not included in crop and land surface models. They rely on a simplified representation of root growth, which is independent of soil moisture availability. Data of subsurface processes and interactions, needed for model setup and validation, are scarce. Here we investigated soil-moisture-driven root growth. To this end, we installed subsurface drip lines and small soil moisture sensors (0.2 L measurement volume) inside rhizoboxes (length × width × height of 45 × 7.5 × 45 cm). The development of the vertical soil moisture and root growth profiles is tracked with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The results confirm that root growth is predominantly driven by vertical soil moisture distribution, while influencing soil moisture at the same time. Besides support for the functional relationship between the soil moisture and the root density growth rate, the experiments also suggest that the extension of the maximum rooting depth will stop if the soil moisture at the root tip drops below a threshold value. We show that even a parsimonious one-dimensional water balance model, driven by the water input flux (irrigation), can be convincingly improved by implementing root growth driven by soil moisture availability.
