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The expression profiles of selected reference genes in embryos of various ploidies by qPCR. The expression patterns of reference genes can be divided into four types. a: The expression levels of Ppia , H2a , and 16s . b: The expression levels of Ubc , 18s , and Hprt . c: The expression levels of Pgk1 , Gapdh and b -actin . d: The expression levels of Tbp , Ppib , and Ywhaz . 2N, diploid; 4N, tetraploid; 6N, hexaploid; 8N, octoploid; 1C, 1-cell; 2C, 2-cell; 4C, 4-cell; MO, morula; EB, early blastocyst; LB, late blastocyst. n = 20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098956.g002 

The expression profiles of selected reference genes in embryos of various ploidies by qPCR. The expression patterns of reference genes can be divided into four types. a: The expression levels of Ppia , H2a , and 16s . b: The expression levels of Ubc , 18s , and Hprt . c: The expression levels of Pgk1 , Gapdh and b -actin . d: The expression levels of Tbp , Ppib , and Ywhaz . 2N, diploid; 4N, tetraploid; 6N, hexaploid; 8N, octoploid; 1C, 1-cell; 2C, 2-cell; 4C, 4-cell; MO, morula; EB, early blastocyst; LB, late blastocyst. n = 20. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098956.g002 

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... diploid preimplantation embryos, the transcripts of Gapdh, Pgk1, Ywhaz, Ppib, and Tbp were decreased from the 1C to 4C stage, and the Ywhaz, Ppib, and Tbp mRNA levels showed a sharp decrease. For the rest of the genes, a minor decrease/increase in the mRNA levels occurred at the 2C stage and was immediately followed by a surge at the 4-cell stage, with a continuous increase thereafter (Figure 2). In the polyploid embryos, most reference genes increased according to the developmental stage, except for Gapdh, Ubc, Pgk1, Ppib, and Tbp. ...