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The expression of JAK/STAT and TGF- β /Smad signaling pathway-related proteins in the lung tissues of the different groups on days 7 and 28. A . Western blots of JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related proteins: JAK, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS3, and phosphorylated STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5. B . A histogram of the relative gray values shown in A . C . Western blots for the TGF- β /Smad signaling pathway-related proteins: Smad1, Smad3, TGF- β R1 and phosphorylated Smad1 and Smad3. D. A histogram of the relative gray values shown in C . Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Source publication
Argan is now used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products. Nine workers from a cosmetic factory were examined in our occupational medicine department, following the diagnosis of a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) related to handling of argan cakes.
Operators were exposed to three forms of argan (crude granulates, powder or liquid) dependin...
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Background
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Background:
Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) has widely used for the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease. However, it remains unclear whether TBLC is useful for the diagnosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).
Methods:
We investigated 18 patients who underwent TBLC and were diagnosed with HP based on pathology or multidisciplinary discussi...
Bird related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is becoming more common than other forms of HP around the world. We present
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Citations
... Also prescribed as a liver-protective agent, in cases of hypercholesterolemia and in diabetes [5]. A study showed that the fatty acid content in Argan oil is similar to that of sesame oil and walnut oil, while it is less similar to sunflower, olive, avocado and almond oil [6]. No cross-reactivity with olive oil has been reported [6]. ...
... A study showed that the fatty acid content in Argan oil is similar to that of sesame oil and walnut oil, while it is less similar to sunflower, olive, avocado and almond oil [6]. No cross-reactivity with olive oil has been reported [6]. In 2009, Astrier et al, described a case of anaphylaxis following ingestion of edible Argan oil [7]. ...
Aims: The prevalence of allergy to Argan oil is increasing over the years. It manifests itself in an extremely polymorphous way and responds to all possible routes of exposure: ingestion, contact or inhalation. The provocation test remains the key examination to confirm an allergy to Argan oil. Presentation of Case: We report the observation of a six-year-old girl presenting with immediate urticaria after ingestion of argan oil. Discussion: The allergological investigation points to sensitisation of the skin only, with positive prick tests. An oral provocation test was performed and published for the first time to confirm the diagnosis of allergy to argan oil in our patient. Conclusion: Argan is widely used for its benefits in the cosmetic industry and as a food ingredient. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of sensitisation to Argan oil.
... The number of newly identified environmental exposure settings causing HP will continue to increase. As an example, the first evidence of HP related to argan powder was recently reported in two of nine workers from a cosmetic factory 242 . Argan, the fruit (nut) of a tree growing in Morocco, is now used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products 242 . ...
... As an example, the first evidence of HP related to argan powder was recently reported in two of nine workers from a cosmetic factory 242 . Argan, the fruit (nut) of a tree growing in Morocco, is now used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products 242 . Such new exposure routes will imply preventive measures and clinical surveys to diagnose other affected workers. ...
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome caused by the inhalation of a variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. These antigens are found in the environment, mostly derived from bird proteins and fungi. The prevalence and incidence of HP vary widely depending on the intensity of exposure, the geographical area and the local climate. Immunopathologically, HP is characterized by an exaggerated humoral and cellular immune response affecting the small airways and lung parenchyma. A complex interplay of genetic, host and environmental factors underlies the development and progression of HP. HP can be classified into acute, chronic non-fibrotic and chronic fibrotic forms. Acute HP results from intermittent, high-level exposure to the inducing antigen, usually within a few hours of exposure, whereas chronic HP mostly originates from long-term, low-level exposure (usually to birds or moulds in the home), is not easy to define in terms of time, and may occur within weeks, months or even years of exposure. Some patients with fibrotic HP may evolve to a progressive phenotype, even with complete exposure avoidance. Diagnosis is based on an accurate exposure history, clinical presentation, characteristic high-resolution CT findings, specific IgG antibodies to the offending antigen, bronchoalveolar lavage and pathological features. Complete antigen avoidance is the mainstay of treatment. The pharmacotherapy of chronic HP consists of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids, with antifibrotic therapy being a potential therapy for patients with progressive disease.
... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis typically presents with a combination of pneumonitis and small airway obstruction, producing characteristic findings on chest HRCT with expiratory imaging [76,77]. New and changing occupational exposures causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis are continually described, highlighting the importance of high clinical suspicion and evaluation with HRCT [33,78,79]. Imaging features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis on HRCT also provide predictive information regarding disease behavior [68,[80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] and drive treatment decisions [91]. ...
Ordering the appropriate diagnostic imaging for occupational lung disease requires a firm understanding of the relationship between occupational exposure and expected lower respiratory track manifestation. Where particular inorganic dust exposures typically lead to nodular and interstitial lung disease, other occupational exposures may lead to isolated small airway obstruction. Certain workplace exposures, like asbestos, increase the risk of malignancy, but also produce pulmonary findings that mimic malignancy. This publication aims to delineate the common and special considerations associated with occupational lung disease to assist the ordering physician in selecting the most appropriate imaging study, while still stressing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.
The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
... This type of antigen is a variable mixture of antigens from bacteria, mold and mites. These antigens are appropriate for a first screening of global sensitization [51,52]. ...
We propose a strategy for serodiagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP): 1) question patients about their private or occupational activity, or visit him on site; 2) select panels of six somatic specific antigens appropriate for each type of exposure; 3) and use ELISA to test concomitantly two recombinant antigens highly specific to Farmer's lung, Metalworking-fluid HP, and for Bird fancier's lung. The serodiagnosis provides an immunological argument that may complete radiological, functional lung exploration and clinical features; 4) If the serodiagnosis is negative but the suspicion of HP is strong, a microbial analysis of the patient's specific exposure is conducted; 5) "A la carte" antigens are produced from the microorganisms isolated in the patient's environment sample and tested; 6) Finally, the patient may be asked to undergo a specific inhalation challenge with the offending antigens in a safety cabin, or to avoid his usual environment for a few days.
... Immunoblotting technique identified the presence of a 10-kDa antigen suspected to play a role in these allergic manifestations. We have also recently described two cases of hypersensitivity pneumonia among workers exposed to argan cakes in a cosmetic factory (3). During systematic investigations of all workers exposed to argan products in this factory (9 subjects), evidence of asthma symptoms was observed, possibly related to exposure to argan powder. ...
Background:
Argan is used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products, as this fruit is supposed to have many beneficial properties on health. New cases of allergy can be expected with the growing use of argan. We investigated all workers (9) employed by a cosmetic factory and exposed to argan powder to identify possible allergies related to exposure to argan powder.
Methods:
Patients were investigated in the occupational disease department and, according to their symptoms, underwent pulmonary function testing, methacholine challenge, specific inhalation challenge to argan powder, skin prick tests and immunoblotting analysis.
Results:
We report three cases of occupational asthma to argan powder and a probable case of rhinitis. Fifteen argan proteins were recognized by the patients' IgE. Identification of proteins, cross-reactions to nuts and ELISA inhibition tests suggested that some argan allergens can cross-react in vitro with hazelnut allergens, including 11S globulin and vicilin.
Conclusion:
High-level exposure to argan powder should be considered to be a potential cause of IgE-mediated allergy and workers handling argan powder should be carefully investigated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory lung disease characterised by the inhalation of environmental antigens leading to acute and chronic lung injury. Along with suggestive clinical and radiological findings, history and timing of suspected antigen exposure are important elements for diagnostic confidence. Unfortunately, many diagnoses remain tentative and based on vague and imprecise environmental or material exposure histories. To date, there has not been a comprehensive report highlighting the frequency and type of environmental exposure that might lead to or support a more systematic approach to antigen identification. We performed a comprehensive literature review to identify and classify causative antigens and their associated environmental contexts or source materials, with emphasis on the extent of the supportive literature for each exposure type. Eligible publications were those that reported unique inciting antigens and their respective environments or contexts. A clinical questionnaire was then proposed based on this review to better support diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis when antigen testing or other clinical and radiological variables are inconclusive or incomplete.
Argan oil is extracted from the kernels of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, a tree that almost exclusively grows endemically in southern Morocco. If argan oil was initially only known around its traditional production area, major efforts combining chemical, agronomic and human sciences have led to its international recognition and marketing. In addition, to ensure the sustainable production of a sufficient quantity of argan kernels, a vast and unprecedented program that led to the reforestation of large areas of drylands has been developed in Morocco. Therefore, argan oil production is considered as an economic and ecologic success.
With the rapid development of industry and farm, fungi contamination widely exists in occupational environment. Inhalation of fungi-contaminated organic dust results in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. 1,3-β-Glucan is a major cell wall component of fungus and is considered as a biomarker of fungi exposure. Current studies showed that 1,3-β-glucan exposure induced lung inflammation, which involved uncontrolled T helper (Th) cell immune responses, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell (Treg). A recently identified IL-10-producing B cells (B10) was reported in regulating immune homeostasis. However, its regulatory role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis is still subject to debate. In our study, we comprehensively investigated the role of B10 and the relationship between B10 and Treg in 1,3-β-glucan-induced lung inflammation. Mice with insufficient B10 exhibited more inflammatory cells accumulation and severer pathological inflammatory changes. Insufficient B10 led to increasing Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses and restricted Treg function. Depletion of Treg before the onset of inflammation could suppress B10. Whereas, Treg depletion only at the late stage of inflammation failed to affect B10. Our study demonstrated that insufficient B10 aggravated the lung inflammation mediated by dynamic shifts in Th immune responses after 1,3-β-glucan exposure. The regulatory function of B10 on Th immune responses might be associated with Treg and IL-10. Treg could only interact with B10 at an early stage.
