Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Context in source publication
Similar publications
Citations
... By analogy, the holes accumulated at the interface of the emission layer and electron-injection/transport layer. The Auger-assisted hole-injection process forces the high-energy holes to cross the injection barrier layer and recombine with electrons inside the emission layer and emit photons [25,26,35]. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrums under different voltages can be observed in Figure 3b. ...
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted a lot of attention over the past decades due to their sharp emission spectrum and color, which can be tuned by changing just the particle size and chromophoric stability. All these advantages of QDs make quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) promising candidates for display and light-source applications. This paper demonstrates a large-emitting-area QLED fabricated by a full-solution process. This QLED is composed of indium tin oxide (ITO) as the anode, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) as the hole injection layer (HIL), and poly(N,N′-bis-4-butylphenyl-N,N′-bisphenyl)benzidine (poly-TPD) as the hole-transport layer (HTL). The light-emitting layer (EML) is composed of green CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. By applying the ZnO nanoparticles as the electron-injection/transport layer, QLED devices are prepared under a full-solution process. The large-emitting-area QLED exhibits a low turn-on voltage of around 2~3 V, and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1931 coordinate value of the emission spectrum was (0.31, 0.66). The large emitting area and the unique QLED structure of the device make it possible to apply these features to inkjet printing quantum dot light sources and quantum dot display applications.
... Further progress in QD lighting industries is inevitable as the QDs become more stable, enabling integration into OLED devices and more crucially as cost falls. Very recently, a chapter introducing the QLED structure, light-emitting mechanism of QLED, a novel method for fabricating QLEDs based on the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into QD nanoparticles, all-solution processes of fabrication of QLED for flexible devices applications, printing QLED display device suitable for industrialization, etc. was presented by Ning Tu [80]. Earlier, Bagher reported advantages and disadvantages of OLEDs and QLEDs technologies for display applications in 2017 [81]. ...
Electricity consumption for lighting is over 15% world's total electricity, thereby contributing to the 5% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. By 2030, a 50% rise in lighting demand of the existing consumption is projected due to an increase in the global population. To address the concern of rising lighting electricity consumption, the key strategy is to develop and provide energy efficient lighting products to consumers. In this respect, the Solid-State Lighting (SSL) has the potential to offer power efficiencies that are superior to those of conventional lighting sources.
Recently, white organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) have emerged as the leading technology for the new display and lighting market which has attracted substantial attention of manufacturers, product designers, and end users. OLED devices have already entered into high end lighting markets such as designer, automotive, aerospace, high-end architectural lighting, and other applications. Moreover, innovative flexible OLED devices are thought to be candidates for the next-generation SSL systems, wearable electronics, mobile devices, microdisplays, etc. as they are lighter, thinner and more durable compared to glass (rigid) based devices.
In the present review, distinctive features of OLEDs SSL lighting, technical requirements of lighting for applications, OLED basic, and classification of OLED devices, including quantum dot (QD) OLEDs (QLED) as well as the need of development of OLEDs standards are discussed. Various constituents of flexible OLED lighting, OLED lighting panels by some manufacturers, hurdles in OLED lighting technologies, performance of OLEDs in harsh conditions, challenges in flexible OLEDs, OLED lighting technology comparison, OLED lighting roadmap, and future directions including cost reduction analysis, flexible OLED incorporated into automotive, IoT (Internet of Things) connected lighting system, OLED market projections, etc. are also presented. It is suggested that the white OLEDs, and flexible OLEDs in particular, lighting products have potential to revolutionize the future of lighting systems, industries, and the market.
