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This study was carried out in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq to estimate the concentration of some biochemical parameters and trace elements in the serum of sheep infected with the metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena. The present study included the measurement of some biochemical parameters as total protein, albumin and globulin and evaluation of trace...
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... USA) was used at the quality control laboratory of Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research / Sulaymaniyah city. In the present study, 213.857 nm, 324.752 nm, and 259.939 nm wavelengths were utilized to asses Zn, Cu and Fe elements, respectively (Table 1) and the emission graphs of measured elements are illustrated in (Fig. 1).The Blank and standards solutions were calibrated. The serum samples were diluted with deionized water after blood centrifugation in a clean pretreated test tube by automatic pipette before analysis (19). ...
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Ocular cysticercosis is endemic in tropical areas like India. It can involve any part of eye like eyelid, subconjunctival space, extraocular muscle, and anterior as well as posterior segment. Here we report a rare case of cysticercosis presenting as an isolated subconjunctival cyst that was well managed surgically. Thus, cysticercosis must be kept...
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... their conserved structure and the relative absence of recombination as well as the high rate of mutation, rapid evolution rate, and maternal inheritance (Moritz et al. 1987;Mohammed and Kadir 2020). In this study, several haplotypes of T. hydatigena were observed within both genes. ...
Taenia hydatigena is a cosmopolitan tapeworm that uses canids or felines as definitive hosts, while the larval stage (metacestode), formerly referred to as cysticercus tenuicollis, infects a wide variety of intermediate hosts, in particular ruminants. In the present study, we used partial nucleotide sequences of the cox1 and nad1 genes of T. hydatigena from different animal species to analyse the intraspecies genetic diversity of this economically important parasite. Twenty-four samples of metacestodes or adults of T. hydatigena from infected sheep, chamois, roe deer, fallow deer, wild boar, and dogs from Slovakia were collected and further analysed. Several haplotypes of T. hydatigena were identified with unique mutations that have not been previously recorded in Slovakia. Analysis of nucleotide polymorphism revealed the existence of 9 and 13 haplotypes, with relatively low nucleotide pairwise divergence ranging between 0.3–1.3 and 0.2–1.8% for the Hcox and Hnad haplotypes, respectively. In general, low nucleotide and high haplotype diversities in the overall population of T. hydatigena from the study indicate a high number of closely related haplotypes within the explored population; nucleotide diversity per site was low for cox1 (Pi = 0.00540) and slightly higher for nad1 (Pi = 0.00898). A molecular study confirmed the existence of genetic variation within T. hydatigena isolates from Slovakia. However, further investigations with more samples collected from different intermediate and definitive hosts are required in order to investigate the epidemiological significance of the apparent genetic differences observed in this study.
... Endoparasitic infestations cost the livestock industry many millions of pounds each year through losses in productivity and the costs of control measures. Effective control of these endemic ubiquitous diseases is important, particularly given the expanding world population and the expectation of increasing demand for ruminant products (Ohiolei et al., 2019;Mohammed and Kadir, 2020;Muku et al., 2020). ...
... Blood serum were collected after left the blood sample for about 15 minutes then centrifuged 3000 cycle/minutes for 10minutes and stored at -20ºC till analysis (9). Estrogen and progesterone levels were analyzed by the method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) by special diagnostic trade kits (Medix Biotechs Inc., CA) (10). ...
The present study was designed to estimate the effect of carrots supplementation on reproductive performance in ewes. Thirty Awassi ewes. Ewes were randomly divided into three equal groups, distributed as 10 ewes for each group. First group consider as control, second group feed 400 g carrot/animal daily, third group feed 800 g carrot/animal daily. Each group were synchronized with intra vaginal sponges and injected with 400 IU of eCG at the time of sponge withdrawal. Estrus ewes were conceived naturally with rams and pregnant ewes were followed until parturition. The results of current study demonstrated that G3 had high estrus response and fertility rate 90% compared with G2 and control 80 and 70% respectively. Fecundity rate increased significant in G3 200% compared to G2 and 125 and 100% respectively. Ewes in G3 showed the highest multiple lambing rate 66.67% compared with G2 25% and control 0%. Blood progesterone concentration was high increasing at the 18th day of estrus in the ewes for G3 and G2 compared with control, also, estrogen level at the day of estrus showed high increasing in G3 compared with G2 and control group. We concluded that carrots fed as a supplementation have essential effect on enhancement of reproductive performance in ewes.
... The sera were collected from 77 positive tuberculin reactor animals. Centrifugation separated the serum at 3000 round per minute for 10 minutes, the serum aspirated carefully by pipette into dry, sterile and labeled test tubes, storage at -20°C until used (14)(15)(16) and after slaughtering of 77 animals, postmortem examination was applied and tissue samples (livers, spleens, and lungs lymph nodes) and lymph nodes showing tuberculous-like lesions were collected for bacteriological examination were collected. ...
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2015 to April, 2018 to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of BTB using the comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test on 5327 dairy cattle in 16 dairy herds in mid-delta, Alexandria Road and Upper Egypt districts. Questionnaires used to collect data on herd size and management. The herd and individual animal prevalence at cut-off ≥4mm were 68.75% (95%, CI: 46 to 91.4) and1.67% (95%, CI: 1.3to 2.1) respectively. The individual prevalence was significantly associated with age, breed and different location of farms and density of cattle in yard. On herd level, history of BTB in the farm, management practices, raising of different species in the same facility and newly purchased cattle are important risk factors for BTB. The postmortem examination of positive reactors revealed 66 (85.71%) out of 77slaughtered cattle with visible lesions and 11(14.29%) with non-visible lesions. Bacteriological examination revealed 74.24% (49/66) from visible lesions and 9.09% (1/11) from non-visible lesions were Mycobacterium bovis. The indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) results revealed 31(40.26%) showed positive result including 29 (93.6%) visible lesions and 2(6.4%) nonvisible lesions. In conclusion, the prevalence high in herds with poor management condition, raised different species in the same facility, had previous history of BTB infection and purchased new animals. At animal level Holstein breed, 3-6 years age, kept in high density and located in mid- delta district were at higher risk to be reactor to comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test.
The effect of experimental infection by Taenia hydatigena metacestodes on different productive parameters in sheep was evaluated. Seventeen male Columbia lambs distributed in three groups were used. The lambs of the first group (n = 5) were orally inoculated with 1000 T. hydatigena eggs (low dose). The lambs of the second group (n = 5) were inoculated orally with all the eggs of the last proglottid of an adult cestode (high dose). The lambs of the third group (n = 7) only received a placebo and were used as a control group. All lambs were humanely euthanized at week 13 postinfection, and carcass yield and conformation were evaluated. The infection rates of the lambs from the high-dose infected group and the low-dose infected group were 100% and 40%, respectively, with a mean of 2.4 ± 0.6 and 1 ± 0.7 metacestodes of T. hydatigena in the abdominal cavity, respectively. In a first multivariate study (MANOVA) considering the under the curve (AUC) values of body condition, weight gain, and feed consumption, as well as the final feed conversion values, showed a highly significant (p < 0.0001) group effect (high dose/low dose/uninfected). In a second multivariate study (MANOVA) considering the AUC values of eosinophils blood count, packed cell volume and alkaline phosphatase showed a highly significant (p < 0.0001) group effect (high dose/low dose/uninfected). The increase in serum ALP is a consequence of liver damage that had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.63, p < 0.007) with the body condition of the lambs. Despite these findings, we did not observe obvious clinical manifestations in any of the infected lambs. In general, no differences (p > 0.1) were observed between the lambs of the control group and the lambs of the low-dose infected group in the parameters evaluated. The results of this study show that the infection of T. hydatigena metacestodes subclinically produces a decrease in productive efficiency, alterations of some hematological and biochemical values, and a slight deterioration in the general appearance of the infected lambs. The above aspects are rarely detected by most farmers, but they have a negative impact on the productivity of infected lambs.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis of Tenia multiceps in sheep of Nineveh governorate. One handed and thirty-six sheep heads were examined for the presence of coenurus cysts 31 (22.8%) were infected. The younger were more affected than the adults. There were no significant differences between the number of infected males and females. The clinical signs varied from one animal to another which consisted of neurological disorders manifested by depression, bending of the head to one side, walking in a circular movement and paralysis in the hind limbs, while some animals did not give the clinical symptoms despite the existence of cyst. The number of cysts were ranged from 1 to 4 cysts/animal. The size of these cyst was ranged from 0.5 to 4 cm, and the volume of fluid in these cysts were ranged from 1 to 6 ml while the number of protoscolices in the cyst were ranged from 60-360 protoscolex, the mean length of large and small hooks was 179.95 µm respectively. The study also considered the identification of some chemical constituents of fluid of coenurus cyst such as glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, sodium, potassium, urea and pH.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis of Tenia multiceps in sheep of Nineveh governorate. One handed and thirty-six sheep heads were examined for the presence of coenurus cysts 31 (22.8%) were infected. The younger were more affected than the adults. There were no significant differences between the number of infected males and females. The clinical signs varied from one animal to another which consisted of neurological disorders manifested by depression, bending of the head to one side, walking in a circular movement and paralysis in the hind limbs, while some animals did not give the clinical symptoms despite the existence of cyst. The number of cysts were ranged from 1 to 4 cysts/animal. The size of these cyst was ranged from 0.5 to 4 cm, and the volume of fluid in these cysts were ranged from 1 to 6 ml while the number of protoscolices in the cyst were ranged from 60 - 360 protoscolex, the mean length of large and small hooks was 179.95 µm respectively. The study also considered the identification of some chemical constituents of fluid of coenurus cyst such as glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, sodium, potassium, urea and pH.
