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The excess consumption of added sugar is consistently found to be associated with weight gain, and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke. In an effort to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease, sugar is frequently replaced by low- and null-calorie sweeteners (LCSs). Alarmingly, though, emerging evidence i...
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Context 1
... it is mandatory to remember that each variety of LCS largely 533 differs in its chemical structures, pharmacokinetic profiles and, more importantly, in its 534 pharmacological activity. Because sucralose is one of the most widely used LCS in food and 535 drinks worldwide, this review focused on the specific effect of habitual sucralose consumption 536 on cardiometabolic health (Figure 2). Although LCS, including sucralose, target the same 537 cellular receptors (i.e. ...
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Citations
... Meanwhile, as an important part of modernization in the food industry, the application and consumption of food additives, such as colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, and artificial sweeteners, have gradually become inevitable in contemporary society [24]. Sucralose, one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners, has emerged as a seemingly promising sugar substitute owing to its null-caloric high-sweetness [25]. However, evidence linking the excessive consumption of sucralose and the development of metabolic diseases has drawn much attention from the public and attracted considerable research in recent years [26]. ...
Purpose
Diet-related factors are of great significance in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet (HFD), fructose or sucralose on the endocrine functions.
Methods
Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal chow diet, HFD, 10% fructose or 0.02% sucralose for 10 weeks. Behavioral changes were assessed by open field (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests at week 8. H&E staining was used to observe pathological changes in adrenal cortex, testis and perirenal adipose tissue. Serum hormone concentrations were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of genes along the HPA and HPG axes were determined using real-time PCR.
Results
All types of dietary interventions increased body weight and disturbed metabolic homeostasis, with anxiogenic phenotype in behavioral tests and damage to cell morphology of adrenal cortex and testis being observed. Along the HPA axis, significantly increased corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were observed in the HFD or 0.02% sucralose group. For HPG axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were significantly increased in all dietary intervention groups, while decreased concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were also detected. Moreover, transcriptional profiles of genes involved in the synthesis of hormones and corresponding hormone receptors were significantly altered.
Conclusion
Long-term consumption of HFD, fructose or sucralose manifested deleterious effects on endocrine system and resulted in the dysregulation of HPA and HPG axes.
... Sucralose, a prevalent food additive, is utilized to impart sweetness to foods without contributing a substantial caloric load [1]. It dominates the global sweetener market, comprising 30% of the United States sweetener market [2]. Present in over 4500 food and beverage items, sucralose plays a pivotal role in the food industry and is projected to strengthen its market presence [2,3]. ...
... It dominates the global sweetener market, comprising 30% of the United States sweetener market [2]. Present in over 4500 food and beverage items, sucralose plays a pivotal role in the food industry and is projected to strengthen its market presence [2,3]. Discovered in 1976 by Shashikant Phadnis, sucralose, chemically identified as 1,6dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, is an artificial sweetener derived from sucrose [4,5]. ...
... It is noteworthy that sucralose can persist in the bloodstream for over 18 h postingestion [2]. Furthermore, observations indicate that this sweetener can traverse the placenta, reaching the fetus in pregnant women, and is also present in breast milk [2,17]. ...
Sucralose is a food additive initially used to mitigate glycemic peaks and calorie intake in patients with diabetes and obesity. Although sucralose has been considered safe for human consumption, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert in 2023 concerning the potential health implications of this artificial sweetener. This review aims to comprehensively explore the effects of sucralose intake on human health by understanding sucralose absorption, metabolism, and excretion. We also outline the role of the sweet taste 1 receptor 3 (T1R3) in mediating sucralose-dependent signaling pathways that regulate satiety, incretin release, and insulin response. Finally, we discuss the impact of sucralose on microbiome dysbiosis, inflammatory response origin, liver damage, and toxicity. Gaining a deeper understanding of the manifold effects of sucralose on human physiology will help promote further studies to ensure its consumption is deemed safe for a broader population, including children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
... Sweeteners can be classified by their origin as artificial and natural (Bodje, 2019;Mao & Song, 2018). In clinical trials with humans and mouse models, it has been observed that the consumption of artificial sweeteners has positive and negative effects (Ali, More, & Shaikh, 2021;Christofides, 2021;Risdon et al., 2021;Wilk et al., 2022). These sweeteners modulate weight gain (Peters & Beck, 2016) and have antiapoptotic effects (Shi et al., 2015); however, they induce glucose intolerance (Plows et al., 2020;Suez et al., 2014), promote intestinal dysbiosis (Chi et al., 2018), alter the cellular structures of the liver and intestine (Al Johani & Bazzaz, 2019), and modify the release of neurotransmitters, which leads to the appearance of behavioral disorders (Yin et al., 2020). ...
... summary of most utilized gras artificial sweeteners on the basis of the industrial application and review onto the health aspects.Debras et al.[58], li et al.[77], risdon et al.[78].Debras et al.[59], Debras et al.[58], suez et al.[75].aDi: acceptable Daily intake in mg/kg/body weight/per day † Based on the health effects found in the solely utilization of artificial sweeteners. ...
... This is consistent with the result of Risdon, S., et al. who in their systemic review suggested that sucralose reduces obesity and adipogenesis in humans and increases in rats. [29] A randomized controlled trial [30] discovered that prebiotics reduces body weight in children and alters the intestinal microbiota, such as increases the abundance of Actinobacteria, simultaneously. The result suggested that body weight reduction is related to an increased abundance of Actinobacteria. ...
... 5,6 New evidence has emerged regarding the metabolic effects that some of the NNS could generate in glucose metabolism, appetite regulation, cardiovascular system, gut microbiota, and adiposity. 7 Specifically, it has been shown in different clinical trials that the consumption of sucralose reduces insulin sensitivity in lean subjects and with obesity. Additionally, this NNS can modify the gut microbiota increasing the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria which leads to higher serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and creating a systemic inflammatory process that could affect the insulin signaling pathway. ...
Objective. To identify the associated factors to the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in the Mexican adult population since its consumption has increased exponentially worldwide. Materials and methods. An online survey was applied to 5 038 Mexican adults to evaluate the frequency of NNS consumption and classify the population in tertiles. The sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status characteristics of the participants were compared by gradient of NNS consumption, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the associated factors to the NNS consumption. Results. The variables that showed a positive association (p≤0.01) with the consumption of NNS were economic income, BMI, smoking, physical activity, diet quality, the presence of chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemias), and the consumption of fruit. The age and the consumption of confectionery and sugar-sweetened beverages were negatively associated (p<0.01) with the consumption of NNS. Conclusion. The results of this study help to characterize the target population that is a consumer of NNS since it is recommended not encourage the preference for sweet taste and to promote a decrease in the consumption of both caloric and NNS, preferring the natural flavor of food.
... Because sucralose does not contain calories and is almost not absorbed by the human body, it has been recommended by scholars as part of the weight loss strategy for patients with overweight, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and pregnancy diabetes [14,15]. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Canadian Ministry of Health, and the European Food Safety Administration set the daily acceptable intake of sucralose as 0.005g/kg, 0.009g/kg, and 0.015g/kg according to body weight, respectively [16][17][18]. ...
At present, sucralose is becoming the most frequently-used artificial sweetener in the world, accounting for 30% of the global low-calorie sweetener market ($2.29 billion) in 2016 [2]. It is also widely applied in the medical field and plays an important role in correcting the taste as a pharmaceutical auxiliary additive, such as suspension agent [3], oral liquid [4], orally disintegrating tablets [5] and granules [6]. Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) granule (NMPA Approval No. Z20090250) is a modern Chinese patent medicine developed by Guangzhou Consun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd for the treatment of stage II and III chronic glomerulonephritis. The main effective substances include coumarins, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. Although the curative effect is remarkable [7-9], the prescription contains extremely bitter Chinese medicines such as Pinellia ternate and Coptis Chinensis, which seriously affects the long-term use of patients with chronic kidney disease. To overcome this shortcoming, YSHS granule product developers or researchers decided to use sucralose as a flavoring agent. The previous study found that 0.1g sucralose added to each sachet of medicine was the appropriate dose to cover up the bitter taste of YSHS granules. Since patients were required to take 3 sachets of YSHS granules daily (equivalent to a sucralose daily intake of 0.3g), we were concerned that the addition of sugar substitutes may cause potential blood glucose problems, such as the effect of a single dose of sucralose or the effect of the long term use of sucralose on the blood glucose of obesity patients, diabetic patients, and ne-phropathy patients. For this reasons, based on the retrieval formula "Sucralose[Title/Abstract]) & (Blood glucose[Title/Abstract]", we obtained 21 clinical studies in the PubMed database that were directly related to the observation of blood glucose changes after the intake of sucralose and aimed to briefly summarize the properties and oral metabolic characteristics of sucralose, as well as the effects of sucralose on blood glucose in different patients at the single dose of sucralose and the long term use of sucralose.
... This topic is relevant due to the fact that apparently the population perceive the healthiest sweeteners based on a natural origin rather than on energy content or associated metabolic effects (25). Nowadays, it has been reported that some NNS like sucralose may not be inert and potentially could cause certain negative health effects (28). ...
Introduction: the consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) has increased. Recent studies have reported possible metabolic effects of NNS, and this may influence the perception regarding their consumption in the general population and health professionals.
Objective: to describe and compare the beliefs about NNS in consumers, non-consumers, and health professionals; and to explore the reasons and opinions of health professionals for recommending or not their consumption.
Methods: surveys were applied to 100 consumers, 100 non-consumers and 100 health professionals (dietitians and physicians) to evaluate a positive, negative, or neutral attitude towards certain beliefs regarding NNS, including the information they have, safety, price, side effects and taste. In addition, the opinion of health professionals for recommending or not the consumption of NNS and the related reasons was evaluated.
Results: statistically significant differences regarding the safety, side effects and taste of NNS were found between the three groups (p < 0.01). The most frequent opinion of health professionals (48 %) is that NNS should be limited, used as a transition and in certain patients. Consumers tend to have a more positive opinion about NNS except for the price, non-consumers have a more neutral position except for taste, and health professionals have a more negative perception of NNS in all aspects.
Conclusions: the beliefs regarding NNS differed among the studied groups, which might influence their consumption or recommendation of its use.
... Cependant, Pepino et al. ont rapporté que la consommation aiguë de sucralose prise en soda ou sous forme de gélule (24 mg de sucralose dans 200 mL d'eau), 15 minutes avant un test de tolérance au glucose, augmente significativement la réponse glycémique en augmentant à la fois la concentration maximale de glucose plasmatique et la sécrétion d'insuline stimulée par le glucose chez des volontaires en situation d'obésité [57]. Par conséquent, il peut être suggéré que les édulcorants, notamment artificiels, puissent jouer un rôle dans l'absorption intestinale du glucose, modulant ainsi le contrôle glycémique en présence de glucides [46,58]. ...
Résumé
Cette dernière décennie, l’industrie agroalimentaire a largement adapté son offre avec la généralisation de produits contenant des édulcorants pour remplacer les sucres ajoutés ou sucres libres et, ainsi, limiter les apports caloriques tout en maintenant l’appétence aux produits. Cependant, nombre de données observationnelles questionnent l’efficacité et la sécurité de cette stratégie. En effet, les édulcorants semblent présenter des avantages et des inconvénients sur les plans du comportement alimentaire et des conséquences métaboliques. Cette disparité des résultats semble pouvoir s’expliquer par les mécanismes d’action et l’impact spécifique des différentes molécules édulcorantes. En effet, bien que tous les édulcorants ciblent les mêmes récepteurs cellulaires, il faut rappeler que chaque édulcorant peut différer dans sa structure chimique, son profil pharmacocinétique et, plus important encore, dans son activité pharmacologique, et ainsi induire des réponses physiologiques ou pathologiques propres. De manière générale, les méta-analyses indiquent une augmentation du risque de développer un diabète de type 2 lorsque la consommation de ces édulcorants est importante, mais les données expérimentales ne sont pas aussi tranchées. Cet article présente les mécanismes d’action des édulcorants les plus utilisés et les différents effets associés à la consommation d’édulcorants sur le comportement alimentaire et ses conséquences sur la gestion du poids et le contrôle métabolique.
... Increased use of sucralose has aroused the interest of researchers, who have begun to focus on its impact on health. Even though sucralose is currently considered safe, some studies indicate possible adverse effects on glucose metabolism, even in low amounts (15% of Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI) (45), and increased cardiovascular risk (46). A combination of carbohydrates and sucralose in beverages was highlighted as particularly risky (47). ...
Reducing added sugars in non-alcoholic beverages is an important public health goal, which can result in increased use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS). The aim of this study was to investigate recent changes in the use of LNCS in non-alcoholic beverages in the Slovenian food supply. The national branded foods dataset was updated with beverages available in 2020, and compared with previous datasets. The data were extracted from food labels. In 2020, N = 1,650 unique beverages were found in shops from five different retailers, covering the majority of the national market. The use of LNCS increased from 13.2% in 2017 and 15.5% in 2019 to 20.2% in 2020, with a major growth in soft drinks (16.8, 19.6, and 26.7%, respectively). We observed a significant growth of beverages containing both LNCS and added sugar. Results were also consistent with sales data, which showed that increased offer of beverages with LNCS also resulted in similarly increased sales of such beverages. The average energy and total sugar content in non-alcoholic beverages decreased, which reflects both the higher percentage of beverages with LNCS, and also the reduction of the sugar content in beverages with only added sugar. Analyses of product-specific reformulation practices highlighted reduced sugar content in 16.8% of products, and in 3.6% with the use of LNCS. The most commonly used LNCS are acesulfame K, sucralose, and aspartame. Typically, combinations are used, however steviol glycosides, sucralose and saccharin are also used alone, in most cases combined with added sugar. The results indicated rapid changes in the use of LNCS in non-alcoholic beverages in the Slovenian food supply, making further monitoring of this area highly relevant.
