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The dried ripe seed of Raphanus sativus L., commonly known as radish seed (or Raphani Semen), is used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat constipation, chronic tracheitis, and hypertension. The major active compounds in Raphani Semen are alkaloids, glucosinolates, brassinosteroids, and flavonoids. Fatty acids are its main nutritional con...
Citations
... The alkaloids in the aqueous extract of Semen Raphani were found to have signi cant antihypertensive effects, improving vascular endothelial damage in hypertensive rats (Li, Jiang et al., 2015b). In addition, the water-soluble alkaloids showed signi cant protective effects against oxidative damage by reducing serum malondialdehyde levels and enhancing superoxide dismutase activity in vivo (Sham, Yuen et al., 2013, Tian, Jiang et al., 2018, Xu, Li et al., 2017.As compositional indicators and pharmacologically active components (Li, Yang et al., 2015a), sinapine is present in the form of sinapine thiocyanate (ST) in Semen Raphani and Semen Sinapis (Guan, Lin et al., 2022), ST has been shown to have clear antihypertensive effects (Guan et al., 2022)and inhibit vascular in ammation by inhibiting the secretion of adhesion factors by the vascular endothelium (Li et al., 2015a). In addition, STreducedthe expression of coagulation-related factors in vascular endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting the thrombotic state caused by endothelial in ammatory injury andimproving hypertensive endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of nucleoside-bound leucine-rich repeat receptor in ammasome (Liu, Yin et al., 2020). ...
Background
Evaluation of the intervention effect of SZD on high-fat and high-salt induced obese Pre-hypertension rats from the perspective of metabolomics, and to explore the metabolic mechanism of SZD for the treatment of obese Pre-hypertension
Methods
In this study, the efficacy of SZD was evaluated by blood pressure, body weight, Lee’s index, and biochemical indexes, and the mechanism of SZD in the treatment of obese prehypertensive rats induced by high-salt the high-fat mode was explored through non-targeted metabolomics combined with pseudo-targeted metabolomics.
Results
SZD intervention reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), mean arterial pressure, and reduced body weight and Lee's index in rats, which had some improvement effect on obesity. It also reduced triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL),Hypersensitivity C-reactive protein(Hs-CRP) levels in rats, but had no significant elevation effect on High-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL). Analysis of 35 biomarkers in the model and 31 biomarkers in the SZD intervention by non-targeted metabolomics revealed that SZD interfered with 7 of these metabolites (estradiol, sphingosine, TXB2, LysoPC (20:2), LysoPE (22:0), LysoPC (22:5), LysoPC (20:0)). The further content analysis of 7 metabolites by pseudo-targeted metabolomics revealed an increase in estradiol and sphingomyelin,and a decrease in LysoPC (20:2), LysoPE (22:0), LysoPC (22:5), and LysoPC (20:0) after SZD intervention, which involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidic acid metabolism.
Conclusions
SZD was finally found to improve obesity and decreased blood pressure.The preliminary investigation of the efficacy mechanism of SZD intervention in obese Pre-hypertension enriched the pharmacological effects of SZD.
... SFEN, the representative ITCs in the seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), is known for its efficacy to inhibit adipocyte differentiation (Yang et al., 2020). In Korea, radish seeds have long been called "Nabokja" and are used for traditional prescriptions for indigestion, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation (Sham et al., 2013). Previous studies have shown that 4-methylthio-butanyl derivatives and phenylpropanoid sucrosides from radish seeds have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects . ...
Unlabelled:
The effect of nanoemulsions on the stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene (SFEN) in radish seed extract (RSE) was investigated. Four types of oil were used as lipid ingredients of the nanoemulsions: soybean, high oleic acid sunflower, coconut, and hydrogenated palm oils. SFEN in RSE nanoemulsions showed greater stability to temperature, acid, and alkaline conditions than SFEN in RSE suspended in water (RSE-S). Particularly under alkaline conditions, the half-life of SFEN in the nanoemulsion with high oleic sunflower oil (RSE-HOSO) was 8 times longer than that of RSE-S. Furthermore, in the pharmacokinetics study, it was observed that AUC0-8 increased and oral clearance (CL/F) decreased significantly in rats orally administered RSE-HOSO compared with RSE-S (p < 0.05). This study indicates that the type of oil used in nanoemulsions affects the stability and bioavailability of SFEN in RSE. These results may provide a guideline for the development of functional foods containing RSE.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2.
... It is used as an antidiarrheal, antitussive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as a treatment for anemia, and in dysfunctions of both the female and male reproductive system [12]. Its efficacy as an antihypertensive, anti-lipase, against insulin resistance, gastroprotector, antitussive [13], and neuroprotective agent has also been described [14,15]. ...
Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae), commonly known as radish, is consumed worldwide as a vegetable. However, its benefits on mental health are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anxiolytic-like effects and safety using different experimental models. An aqueous extract of R. sativus sprouts (AERSS) was pharmacologically evaluated by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) at 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg and orally (p.o.) at 500 mg/kg on behavior by using open-field and plus-maze tests. In addition, its acute toxicity (LD 50) was determined by the Lorke's method. Diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and buspirone (4 mg/kg, i.p.) were the reference drugs. A significant and anxiolytic-like dosage of AERSS (30 mg/kg, i.p.) resembling the effects of reference drugs was chosen to explore the involvement of GABA A /BDZs site (flumazenil, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) and serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) as a possible mechanism of action. A 500 mg/kg, p.o. dosage of AERSS produced an anxiolytic-like response equivalent to 100 mg/kg, i.p. No acute toxicity was observed since a LD 50 > 2000 mg/ kg, i.p. The phytochemical analysis allowed the identification and quantification of major presence of sulfor-aphene (2500 µM), sulforaphane (15 µM), iberin (0.75 µM), and indol-3-carbinol (0.75 µM), as major constituents. Both the GABA A /BDZs site and serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors were involved in the anxiolytic-like activity of AERSS, depending on the pharmacological parameter or the experimental assay tested. Our results demonstrate that the anxiolytic activity of R. sativus sprouts involves GABA A /BDZs site and serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors supporting its health benefits in the treatment of anxiety beyond the satisfaction of basic nutritional needs.
... sulforaphene, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol (Ishida et al. 2015;Baenas et al. 2016). These compounds gave radish great valuable achieves on hypertension, fatness, diabetes mellitus, constipation and cough (Sham et al. 2013). ...
Purpose
A field experiment was took place to investigate the impact of gamma-rays low dose on growth parameters as well as bioactive compounds of white radish (Raphanus sativus L.).
Materials and methods
Dry seeds of white radish were irradiated by gamma radiation at dose levels (10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) beside un-irradiated sample as control. Physiological and biochemical markers were performed to follow the effect of gamma radiation on white radish.
Results
The results of this study revealed that gamma rays increased growth parameters with increasing gamma irradiation dose to a 40 Gy then the growth was decreased with the dose of 80 Gy. As the results gave the maximum increments 14.64, 48.30 (cm), 20.84 (cm) and 5.51 (cm) for leaves number, leaves length, roots length and roots diameter respectively with dose of 40 Gy. With increasing the irradiation dose to 80 Gy the results showed reduction in all parameters studied i.e 6.84, 34.37 (cm), 11.58 (cm) and 2.78 (cm) for leaves number, leaves length, roots length and root diameters, respectively. The biochemical compounds such as ascorbic acid which gave the maximum increase with the dose 40 Gy (3.7 and 3.0 mg/g FW for leaves as well as roots, respectively). While, phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase showed the highest increase with 80 Gy i.e. 5.5 mg/g FW, 5.4 mg/g FW, 70.5%, 340 unit.min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ proteins and 185 unit. min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ proteins respectively in radish leaves. For radish roots, phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were 2.0 mg/g FW, 1.8 mg/g FW, 68%, 280 unit. min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ proteins and 170 unit. min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ proteins. Furthermore, the protein and isoenzyme profiles of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidae changed and induced alteration by different irradiation dose levels.
Conclusion
It can be concluded the gamma irradiation was a useful method for increasing the growth and biochemical content of white radish plants.
... 31 The dried ripe seed of Raphanus sativus L. (R) is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat constipation, chronic tracheitis and hypertension. 33 A study from Li et al (2015) demonstrated that U (38.525 mg/kg/day of Uncaria alkaloids) and R (46.230 mg/kg/day) effectively decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats which were at least comparable to each monotherapy. In addition, the combination improved the endothelial integrity of the thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery as observed by electron microscopy. ...
Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monotherapies are limited due to the complex, multifactorial pathways. The multi-component and multi-targeted approach of natural products have the potential to manage CVDs.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the synergistic mechanism of natural product combinations in protecting the endothelium against various cardiovascular risk factors.
Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE) and Google Scholar were searched, and studies in English published between January 2000 and February 2022 were collated. Clinical and pre-clinical studies of natural product combinations with or without pharmaceutical medicines, compared with monotherapy and/or proposing the underlying mechanism in protecting endothelial function, were included.
Four clinical studies demonstrated that natural product combinations or natural product-pharmaceutical combinations improved endothelial function. This was associated with multi-targeted effects or improved absorption of the active substances in the body. Seventeen preclinical studies showed that natural product combinations produced synergistic (demonstrated by combination index or Bliss independence model) or enhanced effects in protecting the endothelium against hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, platelet activation, oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia. The molecular targets included reactive oxygen species, Nrf2-HO-1, p38MAPK, P13K/Akt and NF-κB.
Thus, the current available evidence of natural product combinations in targeting endothelial dysfunction is predominantly from preclinical studies. These have demonstrated synergistic/enhanced pharmacological activities and proposed associated mechanisms. However, evidence from larger, well-designed clinical trials remains weak. More cohesion is required between preclinical and clinical data to support natural product combinations in preventing or slowing the progression of CVDs.
... erefore, it has been used for stagnation of diet, abdominal distension, constipation, retention of diarrhea, phlegm, and asthma in clinics. e chemical components of RS mainly include glucosides, alkaloids, volatile oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides [13]. Pharmacological studies showed that RS had the functions of relieving asthma, suppressing cough, removing phlegm, antioxidation, and enhancing gastrointestinal motility [14,15]. ...
In this study, the effects of different processing techniques on the chemical components of Raphani Semen (RS) were evaluated. An established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted for the simultaneous determination of glucoraphanin, sinapine thiocyanate, raphanin, and erucic acid in the fried products of Raphani Semen to evaluate the chemical changes during frying processing as well as optimize the best frying technology of Raphani Semen. Then, the chemical components in the fried Raphani Semen were identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 54 compounds in processed Raphani Semen were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that the content of glucoraphanin and sinapine thiocyanate was the highest in the fried products at 130°C for 10 min, and the effect of "Enzyme Killing and Glycosides Preserving" was the best. Therefore, this condition was chosen as the best frying technology of Raphani Semen. This study provided a more scientific basis for evaluation of the quality of Raphani Semen fried products and optimization of the frying technology of Raphani Semen.
... Raphani Semen, the seeds of Raphanus sativus L., has been used as a medicinal herb to improve gastrointestinal disorders, such as indigestion, inflammation, and diarrhea in Korean Medicine [10]. Raphani Semen contains an extensive variety of pharmaceutically active compounds [11]. In fact, advanced information about the pharmacological role of Raphani Semen in relation to several gastrointestinal diseases has been revealed in a variety of animal experiment models, e.g., ulcerative colitis, intestinal motility, and colon cancer [12,13]. ...
In this study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of a water extract of Raphani Semen (RSWE) on alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) using ethanol-induced AFLD mice (the NIAAA model) and palmitic acid (PA)-induced steatosis HepG2 cells. An RSWE supplement improved serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels of AFLD mice, as well as their liver histological structure. To explore the molecular action of RSWE in the improvement of AFLD, we investigated the effect of RSWE on four major pathways for lipid homeostasis in the liver: free fatty acid transport, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and β-oxidation. Importantly, RSWE decreased the mRNA expression of de novo lipogenesis-related genes, such as Srebf1, Cebpa, Pparg, and Lpin1, as well as the protein levels of these factors, in the liver of AFLD mice. That these actions of RSWE affect lipogenesis was confirmed using PA-induced steatosis HepG2 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that RSWE has the potential for improvement of AFLD by inhibiting de novo lipogenesis.
... With its high adaptability, high yield and abundant nutritional value, radish has been grown as a food crop worldwide for a long time. Also, the leaf, seed, and root of radish are claimed to have various medicinal uses (Sham et al. 2013). Radish is a good source of carbohydrates, nutrients, phytochemicals and dietary fibre for human nutrition. ...
Pest management in agriculture is badly needed because approximately one third of the world’s potential food supplies are lost to pests and diseases, and these losses would rise if crop protection were not implemented. In the last 40 years, the massive increase in the use of synthetic pesticides made it possible to increase food production. However, its excessive use is currently causing negative effects on health and the environment, as well as a rapid emergence of resistance in the pests. Growing social awareness about the impact of agricultural practices has also contributed to promoting the development of safer formulations for the advancement of sustainable agriculture. In recent years, there has been a greater interest in the use of alternative control strategies for the management of pests in crops, including the use of natural substances of plant origin such as essential oils, with the intention of introducing inputs eco-friendly farming. However, its application in agriculture usually faces some limitations. Essential oils present as limitations in their field application the stability and persistence of their effects over time. This chapter presents an overview of the use of essential oils to control phytopathogens and weeds in agricultural systems and different microencapsulation strategies that scientists implemented in order to avoid the disadvantages of applying pure oils. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compile updated information on the innovative methods used for the development of formulations of the bio-pesticide based on essential oils reported in the scientific literature. The use of the formulations against phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, insects, phytoparasitic nematodes and weeds are being investigated as alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the development of a more sustainable agriculture. Research trends are moving towards the development of greener agricultural formulations. The formulation of control agents using microencapsulation techniques improves their stability and biological activity, and therefore would allow their application on a larger scale, thus representing an innovative method for these products to be positioned on the market.
... In addition, the seeds of R. sativus (radish semen) are widely used in China and other Asian countries as folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases (Sham et al. 2013;Lin and Gu 2020). Phytochemical studies on radish semen have shown the presence of various compounds, such as glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and erucic acid, with different bioactivities. ...
Two new alkyl (E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoates were isolated from the seeds of Raphanus sativus L., Brassicaceae. The compounds were identified as methyl-(E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoate and ethyl-(E)-5-(methylsulfinyl) pent-4-enoate using 1D and 2D NMR and HR-EI-MS.
... It possesses antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, diuretic, hypertensive, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective property, and jaundice (Agarwal and Varma, 2014). R. sativus contains diverse chemical constituents of nitrogen compounds, alkaloids, enzymes, glucosinolates, flavonoids, saponins, gibberellins, organic acids, Sulphur compounds, tannins, carbohygrates, proteins, amino acids, brassinosteroids and polyphenols (Gutierrez and Perez, 2004, Aruna, 2012and Sham et al. 2013. Many chemical constituents of R. sativus were isolated such as 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate or raphasatin, 4-(methylthio) butyl isothiocyanate, βsitosterol and unsaturated triglycerides which were isolated from roots (Ragasa et al., 2015). ...
