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The drag power is plotted per frontal surface area of a capsule moving at subsonic (1,000 km/h) and transonic (1,235 km/h), respectively. The projections are calculated from the drag equation (Fd = 0.5*Cd*rho*A*v2), where the drag power (or air loss) is the drag force (Fd) times the speed (assuming a unitary drag coefficient, Cd = 1). Ideal gas law (p = RT*rho) is used to obtain the air density (rho) as a function of both pressure (p) and temperature (T ), where R = 287.05 J/kgK.
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The future transformation of transportation is set to fundamentally shape our modern civilization in reducing the global energy consumption from travel and the time needed to move. In the future climate vision of the European Union (EU), 90% of travel-related emissions will be omitted by 2050. To achieve this optimistic goal, one of the EU’s strate...
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The high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnetic levitation vehicle (Maglev) is one of the important modes in the rail traffic. In order to study the levitation characteristics of HTS Maglev, the captured magnetic field characteristics of HTS bulk are analyzed in the different field cooling heights. Based on the thought of frozen image model, the...
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... Nevertheless, the concept of a self-propelled, energy-autonomous hyperloop solution depicted in Figure 1 is challenging to realize. An easier technical solution would be based on the concept of the 'track as a propulsor,' similar to the classical German Transrapid maglev system [18]. However, this approach has already been deemed a commercial failure due to the exorbitant initial cost of the track infrastructure [19], which was then far too expensive to pay back. ...
... To establish electromagnetic launch, coils would be distributed along the track to ensure sufficient acceleration force during the launch segment of the track, while energy harvesting using the linear induction motor could be possible during deceleration or acceleration, provided an energy buffering system meets the charging restrictions of the onboard storage. [18], [22], [23]. ...
Ten years ago, the concept of the hyperloop vacuum train promised to revolutionize transportation by offering a fast, inexpensive, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional modes of travel. The key components of the hyperloop are a vacuum tube, magnetic levitation, and linear electric propulsion technology, which is envisaged to achieve surface velocities approaching the speed of sound. This paper presents the functionalities of an ideal hyperloop transportation system (HTS) with a low-cost track and a lightweight hyperloop capsule. We show how this ideal system is indeed difficult to achieve in reality. Despite the potential benefits, hyperloop technology still lacks experimental evidence at subsonic speeds to reach a higher level of technological readiness. Taking one step back, hyperloop has lessons to learn from the maglev research and experiments in the 1970s. In fact, there are many unresolved challenges associated with maglev technologies, even at moderate speeds, which need to be recognized before reaching the whole way into the subsonic speed domain. This paper will provide a status update after ten years of hyperloop research and development.
... Gradually, the negative impact has led to changes in water quality, air quality and landscape quality. Jonas Kristiansen Nøland believes that "The future transformation of transportation is set to fundamentally shape our modern civilization in reducing the global energy consumption from travel and the time needed to move" [3]. Thus, in order to minimise the subsequent deterioration of the situation, the negative impact must be reduced as much as possible. ...
... A considerable number of scientific papers have been devoted to research in the field of passenger transport, which are presented in the list of references [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In [1,9,10,14], life cycle, emission volume and other indicators of different modes of transport depending on the fuel used for operation were analysed. ...
... The scientific works [2,4] presented the results of research concerning the role of electric cars in the future. In [3,6] the principles of the Hyperloop (vacuum train) project are described. According to Ilon Musk, the founder of the company SpaseX and co-author of these works, it is necessary to move to a new mode of transport based on linear electric motors (vacuum trains), the advantage of which is high environmental friendliness and speed, but the absolute transition does not meet the need for minimized costs. ...
The problem of environmental pollution from passenger transport is one of the endless problems of our time. The present study identifies 5 groups of passenger transport polluting the environment: road, rail, air, sea and river transport. This study has identified the current amount of pollution caused by the operation of passenger transport. The issue of financing, which ensures the renovation of passenger transport systems to make them more environmentally friendly, was identified as a problematic aspect. As a consequence, a comparative analysis of prospective solutions to improve passenger transport has been carried out. Thus, the methods used revealed that switching to biofuel and introducing electric energy into passenger transport mechanisms would minimise emissions into the environment, which is the aim of this study - to identify the most promising innovations in public passenger transport designed to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
... 90% of transport-related emissions will be eliminated by 2050 for the European Union climate improvement. The Hyperloop transport system project is aimed at achieving this result, as the fastest and most environmentally friendly transport [12,13]. Another area pursuing the goal of reducing emissions into the atmosphere is the project of unmanned aerial vehicles that will be used in the transport infrastructure of smart cities for monitoring and road safety [14], passengers and cargo transportation between airports and destinations [15], emergency medical services [16,17]. ...
One of the factors of improving the quality of life of the population is the digitalization of transport communications. The novelty and practical value of the research is connected with the combination of the development of the transport system in various natural conditions with the use of digital technologies to achieve an optimal solution. The article discusses the possibilities of using modern digital technologies for the transport system of the Russian Federation related to territorial, natural conditions and demographic characteristics. The purpose of the study was to prove that the transport system can become the basis for improving the quality of life of the population in case of its development, taking into account the unique territorial, natural and demographic characteristics of the country. As a promising direction in the development of the transport system, it is proposed to use digital technologies that ensure the convenience and comfort of using the transport system for citizens while maintaining environmental safety. To achieve this goal, the research used the methods of analysis of scientific research given in literary sources; the method of comparative analysis of statistical data on the use of various modes of transport in the Russian Federation and the EU countries; the method of comparative analysis of territorial, natural and demographic characteristics of the regions of Russia. As a topic for future research, we can suggest the use of the capabilities of modern digital technologies for the development of transport communications in areas with difficult natural conditions.
KeywordsTransport communicationsClimateModes of transportDigitalizationQuality of life
With the rapid development of vacuum tube transport technology, there is increased interest in understanding the behavior of the heat transfer of rarefied gas in a vacuum tube. Currently, most empirical correlations of forced convection heat transfer are conducted at the standard atmospheric pressure, so many correlations are not applicable to conditions below the atmospheric pressure. To investigate the heat transfer property under low-pressure conditions, the forced convection between isothermal plate and air in a low-pressure environment is numerically simulated. The results show that the traditional correlation of the forced convection heat transfer between the isothermal plate and gases is different from the actual results at low pressure, and the correlation is completely invalid when the pressure is lower than 0.2 kPa. Based on the data of numerical calculation, a modified correlation of forced convection heat transfer between an isothermal plate and gases under low pressure is proposed. The correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] is greater than 0.99, and the fitting error is less than 10% at the 95% confidence level. The change of heat transfer depends on the Reynolds number in the pressure range of 0.2–100 kPa, but the effect of Reynolds number is weakened and the effect of pressure is strengthened when the pressure is below 0.2 kPa.
