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The article contains the data on the Orchidaceae family species in the European North-East of Russia (Komi Republic). The data on distribution, ecology, morphology, and structure (magnitude, density, age spectra) of populations of 14 protected orchid species in Komi Republic are given.
В статье приведены данные о видах семейства Orchidaceae на
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Context 1
... cruenta (Photo 5) is a perennial herbaceous summer-green plant with palmate, caulorrhizous tuber. Stem is hollow, thick, violet- colored, 23-55 cm in height, leafy to the top. Leaves are 3-4(5), slightly deflected or directed upwards, broad - ly-lanceolate or elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, spotted. Lower and midd - le leaves are 6-15 cm long and 1.5-3 cm broad; uppermost leaves are nar - row and smaller, exceeding the inflo - rescence base. Inflorescence is a den - se ear, cylindrical. Bracts are lanceo - late-tapering, violet or spotted; lower ones longer than flowers, upper ones are as long as flowers are. Flowers are small, dark-purple or violet-purp - le. Perianth segments are elongate- ovate, 5-9 mm long. Labellum is 4-7 mm long, rhomboid-round, entire or with slightly protruding outer end, slightly crested by the edge. Spur is conical or cylindrical-conical, a bit longer than the ovary is. The area is Scandinavia, Middle and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean. On the territory of Russia, it can be met in its European part (northern, central, and eastern regions), We - stern and Eastern Siberia (Orchids..., 1991). The Komi Republic presents its north distribution limit ( Fig. 5). It prefers lowland and transitory bogs (hypnum and sedge), moist and bog Dactylorhiza cruenta (Foto 5) ist eine ausdauernde, krautige, sommer - grüne Pflanze mit handförmigem, korallenartigem Rhizom. Der Stiel ist hohl, dick, violett gefärbt, 23-55 cm hoch, bis oben hin beblättert. Die Zahl der Laubblätter beträgt 3-4(5), leicht gebogen oder straff aufrecht, breit-lanzettlich oder verlängert- lanzettlich, zugespitzt, gefleckt. Die unteren 6-15 cm lang und 1.5-3 cm breit; die obersten schmaler, die Ba - sis der Infloreszenz überragend. Der Blütenstand ist dichtblütig, zylin - drisch. Die Tragblätter sind lanzett - lich zugespitzt, violett oder violett - gefleckt, die unteren die Blüten über - ragend, die oberen so lang wie die Blüten. Die Einzelblüten sind klein, dunkel-purpur oder violett-purpur. Die seitlichen Blütenblätter sind länglich-oval, 5-9 mm lang. Das La - bellum ist 4-7 mm lang, rhombisch- gerundet, ganzrandig oder mit ganz leicht vorstehenden äußeren Enden, am Vorderrand leicht gewellt. Der Sporn ist zylindrisch-konisch, etwas länger als der Fruchtknoten. Das Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst Skandinavien, Mittel- und Osteuro - pa sowie das Mittelmeergebiet. Auf russischem Gebiet kann man die Pflanzen im gesamten europäischen Teil sowie in West- und Ostsibirien finden (V AKHRAMEEVA , M.G. et al. 1991). Die Republik Komi bildet ...
Context 2
... Reproduction by seeds. Flowering is in June-July. In the region, Dactylorhiza cruenta forms populations of 100-500 speci - mens with density of 0.9-1.5 speci - men per square meter. The biggest population (about 1000 specimens) was identified for marsh in the vici - nity of Syktyvkar. Ontogenetically, pupulations are heterogeneous and are dominated whether by immature, adult vegetative or generative plants in different years. Nordgrenze der Verbreitung (Fig. 5). Dactylorhiza cruenta bevorzugt Flachland und Übergangsmoore (hypnum- und seggenreich), sowie nasse und anmoorige Wiesen. Die Vermehrung erfolgt generativ, die Blütezeit liegt im Juni/Juli. Im Untersuchungsgebiet bildet Dactylorhiza cruenta Populationen in einer Größenordnung zwischen 100-500 Pflanzen aus, die Wuchs - dichte beträgt 0,9 – 1,5 Pflanzen pro m2. Die größte Population mit ca. 1000 Pflanzen wurde in einem Moor in der Nähe von Syktyvkar gefun - den. Unter ontogenetischen Aspek - ten stellen sich die Populationen he - terogen dar und der Aspekt wird in unterschiedlichen Jahren durch eine unterschiedliche Zahl steriler, vege - tativer oder generativ entstandener Pflanzen ...
Citations
... In NE and NW Regions of Russia, where C. calceolus may be locally numerous in especially favourable conditions, its habitats are described as 'spruce, birch, and aspen forests, forested swamps, calcium outcrops' in the Komi Region [80]; 'grass-swamp and grassy forests composed with various tree species, afforested eutrophic swamps' in the Karelia Region [81]; and 'hill slopes in various extend covered by woody vegetation, river slopes, edges of forests and forest glades, wet boggy forests on carbonate soils, old limestone quarries' in the Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod Regions [82]. Thus, in this area ecologically discussed species is rather variable, and the number of its localities in this area is sometimes numerous as well. ...
In this article we present and discuss the main factors that threaten natural populations of Cypripedium calceolus (lady's slipper orchid) in Europe, and we propose conservation strategies and directions for protective actions of its population on a regional scale. European C. calceolus populations have decreased significantly in the last two decades, in both number and size. A key result of the present study is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network across the European Union (EU) countries. Northern and/or mountainous countries present higher percentages of potentially suitable areas within the Natura 2000 network. Finland and the United Kingdom are the exceptions to this rule. It is predicted that, due to global warming, the coverage of niches suitable for C. calceolus will decrease in countries in which now-healthy colonies exist. However, as plant species can occur in micro-sites with suitable environmental conditions (e.g., microclimate, vegetation, soil factors) which cannot be predicted as suitable at coarser spatial resolutions, conservation efforts should be focused on management of local healthy populations. For the effective protection of C. calceolus in Natura 2000 sites, the participation of experts in botany, including orchid biology, is necessary at several stages.
